Producing Energy, Not Biosolids, Through Anaerobic Domestic Wastewater Treatment

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1 Producing Energy, Not Biosolids, Through Anaerobic Domestic Wastewater Treatment Perry L. McCarty, Jaeho Bae, Jeonghwon Kim, Po-Heng Lee Inha University, South Korea Stanford University, USA

2 INHA University, Korea, World Class University Research Team

3 Financial Support World Class University Program, Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, National Research Foundation of Korea Inha University Research Grant

4 Sustainability Using Wastewater as a Resource Water Industry Agriculture Domestic Use Fertilizing nutrients (N&P) Energy

5 Orange County Water District 2008 Wastewater Reuse (190,000 m 3 /d) Tertiary treatment using microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and ultraviolet/peroxide treatment

6 Water Recovery NEWater Singapore Five NEWater plants produce total of 550,000 m 3 /d

7 Treatment Energy Requirements kwh/m 3 Conventional Aerobic Activated Sludge Conventional Aerobic with Nitrification Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor 1.0 Conventional Aerobic with RO 2.5

8 What is Best Reuse Option for Capturing All of Wastewater s Resource Potential? Water

9 Answer: Use for Irrigation Example:Water Reuse in Monterey County

10 Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency Recovers Water, Energy, and Nutrient Resources Largest irrigated crop wastewater recycle in U.S. Produces 76,000 m 3 /day recycled water Irrigates 5,000 hectares Through anaerobic biosolids treatment and cogeneration, produces 50% of WWTP s energy needs No energy wasted for nitrogen oxidation all is used as plant fertilizer

11 Question Can we treat municipal wastewater 100% anaerobically to achieve net energy production while meeting effluent quality standards?

12 Wastewater as a Source of Renewable Energy Biogas (Methane) Formation Through Anaerobic Treatment Anaerobic Digestion, Elsevier (1981)

13 Advantages of Anaerobic Treatment A high degree of waste stabilization is possible Low production of waste biological sludge Low nutrient requirements No oxygen requirements Methane is a useful end product Public Works, Page 171, September 1964

14 Current Aerobic Sewage Treatment Anaerobic Digestion Heat Cogeneration (CHP) Electricity Heat Sludge Sludge Methane Cleansed Water Wastewater Primary Treatment Air Aerobic Secondary Treatment Membrane Filtration

15 Current Aerobic Sewage Treatment Anaerobic Digestion Heat Cogeneration (CHP) Electricity Heat Sludge Sludge Methane Energy User Cleansed Water Wastewater Primary Treatment Air Aerobic Secondary Treatment Membrane Filtration

16 Current Aerobic Sewage Treatment Anaerobic Digestion Heat Cogeneration (CHP) Electricity Heat Methane Sludge Sludge Aerobic Cleansed Water Wastewater Primary Treatment Out Membrane Filtration

17 100% Anaerobic Treatment Anaerobic Digestion Heat Cogeneration (CHP) Electricity Heat Sludge Methane Anaerobic In Cleansed Water Wastewater Primary Treatment Anaerobic Secondary Treatment Membrane Filtration McCarty, Bae, Kim, Environ. Science & Tech., 45:7100 (2011) Air Methane Stripping

18 Potential Benefits of 100% Anaerobic Treatment Significantly reduces energy requirement compared with aerobic treatment Produces more renewable energy as biogas Potential to be a net energy producer Greatly reduces production of secondary sludge thus results in significant reduction in sludge handling costs

19 Anaerobic Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters Objective High SRT and short HRT Clarigester Winery UASB Paper Mill CSTR with Recycle Sugar Beet Fluidized Bed Textile Filter Rum

20 Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor Characteristices Good mass transfer Low clogging potential Combines high SRT with low HRT Good for low strength wastewaters Lidye Chemical Co., Taiwan Polyester Resin Wastewater 90% removal of mg/l influent COD, 12 h HRT 20 m tall

21 Two Stage Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Membrane Bioreactor # Kim et al., Environ. Science & Tech., 45:576 (2011)

22 Reactors Being Evaluated at Inha University Shin et al., Bioresource Technology, 109:13 (2012) Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor 35 o C, 200 mg/l COD, 17 min HRT, 17 kg COD/m 3 d 90 % Removal VSS Production kg/kgcod

24 Fludized membrane Bioreactor at Inha University Anaerobic Fluidized Membrane Bioreactor (AFMBR)

26 Domestic Wastewater Treatment (25 o C) HRT: AFBR 1 hr, AFMBR 1.3 hr COD BOD 5 TSS AFBR Influent Effluent AFMBR Effluent Overall % Rem Yoo et al., Bioresource Technology, 133 (2012) Bae et al., Proceedings, IWA Conference, Busan (2012)

27 Domestic Wastewater Treatment (25 o C) Additional Information 310 days of operation without need for membrane chemical cleaning or backwashing Electrical energy requirement: kwh/m 3 Electrical energy from CH 4 : kwh/m 3 Biosolids production: 0.05 gvss/gbod 5 Transmembrane pressure: 0.12 bar Membrane flux: 9 L/m 2 /hr Yoo et al., Bioresource Technology, 133 (2012) Bae et al., Proceedings, IWA Conference, Busan (2012)

28 Domestic Wastewater Treatment (Flux = liters/m 2 /h or LMH) Suction Pressure (Bar) 10 LMH No fouling at 9 LMH for 70 days Time (Days)

29 Fluidized Bed Reactor 10 m 3 /day AFMBR Pilot Plant To Treat Bucheon, South Korea Primary Effluent Fluidized Bed Membrane Bioreactors Fluidized Bed Reactor Control Panel Flat Sheet Hollow Fiber

30 Conclusions Wastewater reuse for agriculture and landscape irrigation is best approach for resource recovery Anaerobic treatment produces energy and significantly reduces biosolids production Complete and efficient anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewaters now appears possible The anaerobic membrane bioreactor can produce high quality effluent for agricultural use, perhaps without further post treatment

MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY TREATING OILY WASTEWATER FOR REUSE

MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY TREATING OILY WASTEWATER FOR REUSE Jeff Peeters, P.Eng. ZENON Environmental Inc. SAWEA 2005 Workshop Al-Khobar Holiday Inn Hotel, Saudi Arabia November 29, 2005 Presentation outline