SOUTH EASTERN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE (A Constituent College of the University Of Nairobi)

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1 SOUTH EASTERN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE (A Constituent College of the University Of Nairobi) UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2012/2013 FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (ARTS) TPS 101 INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY (Main & Kitui Campuses) Date: 8 th August 2012 Duration: 2 Hours INSTRUCTIONS: Attempt ALL the questions in Section A and B in the answer booklet provided.

2 SECTION A (30 MARKS) 1. Who among the following was a European founder of experimental psychology? a) Wundt b) William c) Freud d) Darwin 2. Who among the following was the strongest adherent of behaviourism? a) Skinner b) Maslow c) Watson d) Thorndike 3. You are given an injection of pure water without any drug, yet you still experience pain relief? The pain relief can be attributed to a) Social desirability b) Placebo effect c) Psychotherapy d) None of the above 4. Which of the following is the equivalent of the irrational part of personality according to the psychoanalytic theory by Freud? a) Id b) Ego c) Superego d) All of the above 5. Free will is to Humanistic psychology as Dreams are to a) Behaviourism psychology b) Gestalt psychology c) Cognitive psychology d) psychoanalytic 6. Technically, what effect does tranquillizers have on your nervous system? a) Inhibitory b) Excitatory c) Soothing d) All of the above 7. In an experiment to find out whether students who report late are likely to perform poorer than those who report on time, lateness is the variable. a) Intervening b) Independent c) Dependent d) control 8. Which type of intelligence is likely to decline in old age? a) Emotional

3 b) Fluid c) Crystallized d) General 9. People who score less than in IQ tests are considered to be mentally retarded. a) 50 b) 70 c) 80 d) Operant learning mainly applies to a) biological responses b) voluntary responses c) involuntary responses d) overt responses 11. Oluoch has come to believe that whenever he eats the head of a fish before an exam, he always passes unlike when he doesn t. This behaviour is as a result of a) Social learning b) his culture c) classical conditioning d) operant learning 12. Research has shown that KCSE candidates are likely to recall better if tested in the same room in which they were taught. This shows the importance of for memory. a) familiarity b) context c) environment d) the teacher 13. Which of the following is a sex difference that could be a likely reason why boys schools engage in violence than girls schools? a) Boys are more achievement-oriented b) Gils are empathetic c) Boys are more aggressive d) Boys are war-like 14. Perhaps, superstitious beliefs like carrying a charm to enhance your chances of passing an examination work because they a) actually cause the event to occur b) make one psychologically calm and confident c) have always worked before d) rely on supernatural powers 15. If your mental age is equal to your chronological age, your intelligence is likely to be a) average b) below average c) above average d) one can t tell

4 16. Which branch of psychology would be interested in finding out whether students who are taught using modern ICT are likely to perform better than those who are taught using traditional methods? a) Consumer b) Industrial c) Environmental d) Educational 17. Which has a longer lasting effect on a learner s desire to learn, intrinsic or extrinsic motivation? a) Intrinsic motivation b) Extrinsic motivation c) Both have the same effect d) One cannot tell 18. Strategies that you may use to aid memory of learnt information are known as a) over learning b) chunking c) mnemonic devices d) cues 19. Which school of psychology is associated with the statement the whole is greater than the sum of its parts? a) Psychoanalytic b) Humanistic c) Gestalt d) Cognitive 20. Crocodile tears is an example of which one of the following components of emotional behavior? a) Physiological b) Cognitive c) Behavioural d) Subjective 21. Which of the following theories of motivation presents a more comprehensive understanding of motivated behavior? a) Incentive b) Instinct c) Attribution d) Motivational hierarchy 22. Survival is to physiological needs as prestige is to needs a) Safety b) Love c) Self-esteem d) Self-actualization 23. Which of the following theories of psychology do you think is MOST well supported by empirical evidence? a) Social learning theory b) Latent learning theory

5 c) Kohlberg s theory d) Psychoanalytic 24. Opening, mid and end term examinations are an example of which one of the following schedules of reinforcement? a) Fixed ratio b) Variable ratio c) Fixed interval d) Variable interval 25. Which of the following Piagetian concepts would a young child who calls every animal a dog would be manifesting? a) Equilibration b) Schema c) Assimilation d) Accommodation 26. A clinical Psychologist is likely to study a) patients with psychological problems b) the causes of disordered behavior c) animal behavior d) none of the above 27. In a psychological experiment, a group of subjects which receives a placebo is known as a) an independent variable group b) a double-blind group c) an experimental group d) a control group 28. The model finds the roots of abnormal behaviour in the way we think about and perceive the world. a) cognitive b) learning c) intellectual d) psychoanalytic 29. According to the psychoanalytic theory, alcoholism and smoking by students are a) learned methods of reducing stress b) signs of fixation at the oral stage of development c) primarily physical events d) ways of seeking immediate gratification 30. Keeping off a mother who is always yelling at you because of your poor academic performance is an example of a) negative reinforcement b) positive punishment c) positive reinforcement d) negative punishment

6 SECTION B (40 MARKS) 31. Citing relevant examples where applicable, define the following concepts: a) Psychology b) Learning c) Intelligence d) Emotion e) Reinforcement 10 Marks 32. Discuss how the following psychologists conceptualized intelligence in the early years of the development of psychology? i. Spearman ii. Thurston iii. Raymond Cattel iv. Howard Gardner 10 Marks 33. Citing relevant examples, briefly explain how the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system operate in response to emotion/stress arousing situations. 10 Marks 34. Briefly discuss the nature vs nurture controversy that existed in the early years of the development of psychology.