Research on Optimization Method of Real-time Available Resources for Dynamic Scheduling
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1 , pp Research on Optmzaton Method of Real-tme Avalable Resources for Dynamc Schedulng J. H. Ge *, H. Gao, Y. P. Wang, P. Q. Fu and C. T. Zhang College of Mechancal and Dynamc Engneerng, Harbn Unversy of Scence and Technology, Harbn, Chna Abstract Amed at the real-tme request of dynamc schedulng to product resource, an optmzaton method of parallel dynamc chan real-tme avalable resources was put forward. Proceed from real-tme tracng of resource nformaton nfluencng schedulng task s dynamc property, establshed a resource nformaton s real-tme tracng back and optmzaton model, whch used module and parallel process mechansm to dfferent knds of real-tme traced back resource nformaton. The mechansm processed global dynamc feedback tracng for every module and optmzed avalable resources prmarly, on ths bass, graded the prmary avalable resources and gave a real-tme canddate resource set. Through one example of one gear producton schedulng, the method s valdy was tested. Keywords: dynamc schedulng, real-tme tracng, module and parallel process, avalable resources 1. Introducton Under the requrement of market, modern manufacturng are facng more and more competon. The advanced producton management s an mportant competve means, and producton schedulng whch plays a crucal role to mprove producton effcency s the core and key of producton management [1-2]. Classcal schedulng theory smplfes the practcal schedulng problems greatly [3], whch hypothess avalable resources nfne, task and processng tme determned. However, most problems are uncertan n the actual producton, such as the random task arrval, sudden fault of machnes, etc, whch could make the schedulng can't execute normally, and need to arrange agan. Therefore, the enterprse how to work out a dynamc schedulng program scentfcally, accurately, tmely, accordng to ther own actual producton condon, s one of the key problems that modern manufacturng need to solve urgently. Therefore researchers turn attenton to dynamc schedulng problems that reflect practcal producton suaton[4-7], and do a lot of researches on schedulng schemes and algorhms, but doesn t gve explc research method for real-tme resources whch reflect schedulng decson real-tme performance. These researches focus on requrement, track and analyze the exstng resources when schedulng tasks happen. The advantage of ths method s appled to the routne hab, and can deal wh some of the common emergency effect remarkably. But, n the actual, producton uncertan events occur frequently, schedulng arrangement should be changed n tme, so ths method whch events happen takng measures wll affect schedulng arrangement s performance, reduce the producton effcency, and, n the end, nfluence enterprse s rapd development n ferce market. Therefore, to acheve the dynamc schedulng effcency, preparaton that knowng about real-tme producton status should be done before schedulng task. So enterprses should track and analyze producton status n tme. In vew of the concrete problems faced by enterprse n dynamc schedulng, ths artcle ISSN: IJDTA Copyrght c 2014 SERSC
2 presents a deep research on real-tme trackng and analyss method of resources before the task schedulng happened, puts forward the modular parallel dynamc real-tme trackng concept. Accordng the exstng problems of resources trackng, comes up wh the level classfcaton method of real-tme resources optmzaton, rases an algorhm for ths method, and acheves the resources avalable sets at last. Thus, when event occurs the enterprses may, accordng to ther real-tme producton resources nformaton, arrange the correspondng schedulng n tme. Ths trackng analyss method of real-tme avalable resources set before ncdent happened, can real tme control of the enterprse producton realy, respond to any dynamc schedulng task n tme. Ths s an effectve and feasble way to support the tmelness of dynamc schedulng. 2. The Real-Tme Tracng of Manufacture Resouce Informaton The producton resources contan mechancal processng equpments (lathe, mllng machne, grnder, planer, gear hobbng, gear shavng machne) and the correspondng materals of equpments. Ths part vares the resource nto dfferent modules accordng to the workshops, machne varetes. The same level module resources are tracked parallelly, so as to avod the tme delay whch caused by lengthy nformaton of seral trackng. Ths method s called modular parallel processng mechansm. Specfc module parton s shown as Fgure 1. Productve resources Workshop A Workshop B Workshop N The module of Workshop level Lathe machne Mllng machne Grnder Drllng machne The module of type of devce-level Fgure 1. The Parton of Producton Resources Module Resource nformaton real-tme back apples computng programmng and frequency dvson method summoned for the transfer of real-tme nformaton resources. Accordng to enterprses demands set the frequency band, by whch tracng the state global resources steadly and updatng the nformaton of producton resources real tme. At last form a dynamc chan of producton resources nformaton. The state of real-tme producton resources nformaton tracng s shown as Fgure 2. Producton resource nformaton Basc nformaton Management Informaton Real-tme capably Real-tme status Toolng nformaton Accuracy class Quanty Type Specfcaton Toolng name Toolng types Plannng perod Processng costs Processng tme Processng type Geometrc feature Part type Materal type Rough type Note Dmensons Mantenance cycle Equpment Net Dmensons Equpment costs Purchasng date CNC Equpment Seral number type Measurng Tools Mold Fxture Tool Other Overload Full load Idle Mantenance Other Manufacturcenter Manufactur module The operator d name Manufacturer Other Motor Power Drven shaft number Spndle speed Rated use years Equpment materal Spndles number Man parameters model Fgure 2. The Real-Tme Tracng Informaton of Producton Resources 92 Copyrght c 2014 SERSC
3 The real-tme state nformaton of producton resources n Fgure 2 whch s traced by frequency dvson method reacts actual suaton of producton drectly, provdes sgnfcant real-tme data nformaton for schedulng decson. 3. The Level Optmzaton Strategy of Real-Tme Avalable Resources Real-tme avalable resources are those go through prmary optmzed arrangement and meet the demand of schedulng. The optmzaton mechansm analyzes and saves resources nformaton n all level modules accordng to demand, and resources are collected nto the central prmary real-tme avalable resources set eventually, whch can avod the dsadvantages of tme extenson that caused by seral calculaton of mass data, and to ensure the nformaton processng s tmelness. In ths paper, the arrangement for schedulng task s accordng to the actual suaton of producton resources. Because the optmzed resources of prmary real-tme avalable resources set have precedence relatonshps, we do further schedulng level analyss between prmary avalable resources. If the remanng processng tme about the equpment n the runnng state of completon s shorter, the loss of equpment s smaller, the level of the allowable value ably s taller then the schedulng level of ths equpment s greater. If the surplus processng tme, ably to use the allowable value, equpment loss of prmary avalable resources s the same, we can judge agan accordng to the basc nformaton of ths equpment. The prory level of the equpment s hgher f the equpment processng precson s hgher grades, the spndle speed s faster. The hgher prory level, the greater lkelhood nvoked, whch we called real-tme resources level classfcaton strategy n ths paper. We provde real-tme schedulng level wh avalable resources sets for the task schedulng by prmary and further herarchcal optmzaton of the real-tme and global resources. The real-tme avalable resources optmzaton process s shown as Fgure 3. Prmary canddate resource Set {A}{B}{N} Modular parallel processng Real - tme resource node Module A (A 1 A 2 A n ) Module B (B1B2 Bn) Module N (N 1 N 2 N n ) Real-tme tracng Prmary resource node Module A {A} Module B {B} Module N {N} Resource schedule ratng classfcaton Classfcaton canddate resource set {Aa}{Bb}{Nn} Real - tme data nformaton Real-tme canddate resource set {S} Fgure 3. The Optmzaton Process Dagram of Real-Tme Avalable Resources 4. Establshment of the Resources Optmzaton Model What ths artcle dscussed s consderng the arrangements of schedule tasks n accordance wh the actual suaton of resource, so needs to analyze real-tme changeable producton resource, and to fnd the better avalable resources for dynamc schedule. The problem of resource real-tme retrospectve optmzaton s abstractedly descrbed as the followng mathematcal descrpton, and the real-tme retrospectve optmzaton of avalable resources ncludes three aspect ndcators. Consderng the condon of processng tme of producton resource, to solve the mnmum remanng Copyrght c 2014 SERSC 93
4 processng tme, consderng the reasonably of schedule arrangements, the usable ably range of producton resource s the mportant problem needed to be consdered n optmzaton analyss, consderng to the actual suaton, trackng analyss s also need to be done on the correspondng assocated resource of the avalable devces. In order to establsh the real-tme retrospectve optmzaton model of resource nformaton, frst to defne the followng parameters and varables, as shown n Table 1. {T}tme set set {M}raw materal set {S}devce set {A}prmary canddate resource set of module A {B}prmary canddate resource set of module B {N} prmary canddate resource set of module N {Aa}classfcaton canddate resource set of module A {Bb}classfcaton canddate resource set of module B {Nn}classfcaton canddate resource set of module N {Ta}tme set of module A {Ma}raw materal set of module A {Sa}devce set of module A {Mb}raw materal set of module B Table 1. Symbol Explanaton of Model parameter t s the start tme number of resource nformaton real-tme retrospecton I s the devce number j s the materal number T s processng tme of the beng used resource T s the remanng processng tme of devce I at tme t T u s the upper lm of allows schedule tme for devce CA s the usable ably of produce resource CA s the allows produce ably of devce at tme t CA u s the upper lm of processng ably for devce CA D s the lower lm of processng ably for devce X s the raw materal processng volume of every devce ζ j s the scale factor of devce consumes materal j R U j s the upper lm of total supply of raw materal j R D j s the lower lm of total supply of raw materal j Requred to gve a real-tme avalable resources optmzaton program, under the condon of ensurng dynamc schedule requrement change, to real-tme analyze the avalable resources. The maxmum remanng processng tme of resource s the shortest, the value of maxmum allows usable ably s the least, and the value of correspondng resource maxmum consume s the least, whch are the goals to establsh avalable resources optmzaton objectve functon. mn F t max T,1 CA, X And meet the followng constrant. The remanng processng tme of devce s n the range of schedule requrement tme. j (1) T 0 T T T e u T The safe operaton of devce s n the range of processng ably constrant. I x (2) (3) CA D CA CA These two constrants are the analyss on the devce of each module, but the actual schedule needs to consder the correspondng resource of every devce, n ths artcle, the devce resource retrospectvely analyzed has been done the further analyss about s actual condon of the requred materal, that s the requred materal of devce produce needs to meet supplyng the constrant of upper and lower lm. R L j D 1 Ij j X R U j U, j M The specfc algorhm of real-tme resource ratng classfcaton s descrbed as follows. U T T If n module A, that s the remanng processng tme of the module A s devce U T s less than or equal to the prescrptve tme upper lm at tme t T, then, s (4) (5) 94 Copyrght c 2014 SERSC
5 fgured n prmary avalable resources set{ta} of ths module, or not fgured. What the sort output s the eventually ratng real-tme avalable resources set T, T, T 1 n wh the T T T T n n 1 1 practcal value (where, ). Obvously, ths parallel dynamc chan real-tme resource canddate s a resource optonal method, whch can drectly pont out the schedule avalable resources before the ncdent occurs, provde an effectve method for analyzng schedule avalable resources, and provde a smple real-tme decson creron for dynamc schedule. 5. Analyss of Examples Ths study has been appled to a gear factory, the artcle takes a type of gearbox wh fve speed gear shaft processng task as example, the ncreasng task requred to put them nto producton whn 12 hours. Ths shaft wll be completed through forgng, rough lathng, fnshng, gear hobbng, face grndng, honng machnng processng, n ths case, turnng of shaft end external crcular carefully s treated as valdaton of processes, all of the producton equpment has also been real tme trackng by usng the method proposed n ths paper, analyss results can be real tme traced accordng to the events, to determne the most suable schedulng resource for ths axs. Accordng to the descrpton of ths artcle real-tme avalable resources optmzaton, optmze the canddate equpment of fve speed gear-- ntermedate shaft end external crcular fnshng turnng, the end face cylndrcal process constrant nformaton s formed. Frst of all, global retrospectve plant n March 13, 2012, 9:00 to meet the resources of the process, as shown n Table 2. Table 2. Trackng of all Lathes Real-Tme Status Informaton n the Factory number model Real-tme status of equpment Start tme (TS) Completon tme (Te) Assocated resources C10101 CA6140 Full load : :00 Suffcent C10201 CA6140 Full load : :00 Suffcent C10202 C7620 Full load : :00 Suffcent C10203 CA6140 Full load : :00 Suffcent C10501 NC-D40 Overload : :00 Suffcent C10502 NC-D40 Full load : :00 Suffcent C10503 NC-D40 Full load : :00 Suffcent Secondly, the evaluaton ndex s real-tme traced back and optmzed accordng to avalable resources, the module above s analyzed that resources to satsfy the mnmum remanng processng tme constrants and the scope of the ably to use constrants of the productve resources, and analyss equpment Correspondng to the assocated resource wh state constrants. Because both devce status and the assocated resource are n the same state n ths module, so we can only consder producton resources of the remanng T T T T processng tme. x e, the real-tme resources for the nal optmzed, the results are shown n Table 3. Table 3. Fve-speed gears-the Mddle of Axs Prmary Optmzaton Results of Real-Tme Resource number model The remanng completon tme(t) Real-tme status Of equpment Assocated resources C10101 CA6140 3hours Full load suffcent C10202 C7620 8hours Full load suffcent C10501 NC-D40 7hours Over load suffcent C10502 NC-D40 8hours Full load Once agan, Prmary optmzaton of real-tme resource lne s graded n ths process, prmary avalable resources exst n the same resources of tme remanng, therefore, the resource schedulng level s evaluated accordng to the basc parameters of the resource Copyrght c 2014 SERSC 95
6 self, as shown n Table 4. Table 4. Fve-speed Gear-the Scale of the Intermedate Shaft Real-Tme Avalable Resources Ratng number model Remanng completon tme(t) Real-tme status of equpment Assocated resources 1 C10101 CA6140 3hours Full load suffcent 2 C10501 NC-D40 7hours Over load suffcent 3 C10502 NC-D40 8hours Full load 4 C10202 C7620 8hours Full load suffcent We can vsually see that the factory lathe canddate set of resources avalable, accordng to the nformaton n the table, and analyze the axs machnng process requred for all resource nformaton, the process of canddates for the necessary equpment resources level optmzed results are shown n Table 5. Table 5. Fve-speed Gear-Optmzaton Results of Intermedate Shaft Avalable Resources Level when the Process s All Set The module Rat -ng number model The remanng completon tme(t) Real-tme Status of equpment Assocated resources Lathng 1 C10101 CA6140 3hours Full load suffcent 2 C10501 NC-D40 7hours Over load suffcent 3 C10502 NC-D40 8hours Full load 4 C10202 C7620 8hours Full load suffcent Hobbng 1 G10301 Y3150E 2.5hours Full load suffcent 2 G10501 YB3120 3hours suffcent Mllng 1 X10501 X62W 4hours suffcent Shavng 1 T10202 Y4232 5hours Full load suffcent 2 T10501 YWA hours Full load suffcent Grndng 1 M10101 M2110 8hours 2 M10102 M120W 9hours Full load suffcent 3 M10501 MD2115 8hours Full load suffcent From Table 5, s ntuve that the avalable resources nformaton that s avalable to the ntermedate shaft schedulng. In the artcle, the way of retroactve analyss of avalable resources before the events s appled n the actual schedulng after the fve-speed gear of a transmsson n a gear factory- ntermedate shaft tasks, ths makes the task schedulng tmely decson-makng n the process, and mprove the effcency of schedulng, at the same tme, the effect s sgnfcant, thus verfes the valdy of the proposed method. 6. Concluson Real-tme control extent of the producton resources and the optmzaton results drectly nfluence the effcency of the dynamc schedulng. Ths paper puts forward a knd of real-tme optmal method called parallel dynamc chan real-tme avalable producton resources. Wh the ad of computer programmng, settng up a producton resources real-tme tracng model whch has a detaled lst of the model s nformaton; Accordng to the avalable resources optmzaton problem, puts forward the real-tme resources modular parallel processng mechansm and the avalable resources level classfcaton strategy, establshes the mathematcal model and detaled process. The proposed method has been successfully appled n gearbox dynamc schedulng of one Gear Factory. 96 Copyrght c 2014 SERSC
7 Acknowledgments Ths paper s supported by Unversy Scence Park Entrepreneural Talent of Innovaton Talents of Scence and Technology of Harbn Applcaton Technology Research and Development Project (2013RFDXJ001). References [1] Z. Shaqng, C. Xndu, C. Qngxn and C. Xn, The research summarzed and dscussed of producton project schedulng under uncertan envronment, Computer applcaton and research, vol. 28, no. 3, (2011), pp [2] G. E. Vera, J. W. Herrmann and E. Ln, Reschedulng manufacturng systems: a framework of strateges, polces, and methods, Journal of Schedulng, vol. 6, no. 1, (2003), pp [3] S. Allet, Handlng flexbly n a generalzed job shop wh a fuzzy approach, European Journal of Operatonal Research, vol. 147, no. 2, (2003), pp [4] G. Qngqang, L. Qqang, L. Mng and D. Ran, An achevng method of dynamc schedulng n contnuous process, Computer Engneerng and Applcatons, vol. 46, no. 15, (2010), pp ,238. [5] L. Ln, G. Hanyu and X. Yugeng, The dynamc workshop rollng reschedulng of arrval tme unknown, Chnese Journal of Mechancal Engneerng, vol. 44, no. 5, (2008), pp [6] Z. Guanghu, Z. Guoha, W. Ru, J. Pngyu and Z. Yngfeng, A dynamc schedulng method of un manufacturng task by usng real tme producton s nformaton, Journal of X'an Jaotong Unversy, vol. 43, no. 11, (2009), pp [7] W. Xul, The research of flexble job-shop dynamc schedulng problem, Journal of System Smulaton, vol. 20, no. 14, (2008), pp Copyrght c 2014 SERSC 97
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