Comparison of Fuel-Cell-Vehicles with Other Alternative Systems. Dr. Johannes Töpler, Deutscher Wasserstoff- und Brennstoffzellenverband (DWV)

Transcription

1 Comparison of Fuel-Cell-Vehicles with Other Alternative Systems Dr. Johannes Töpler, Deutscher Wasserstoff- und Brennstoffzellenverband (DWV)

2 25000 A possible Scenario of World Energy Mtoe [Millions of Tons of Oil Equivalent] Nuclear Energy PV Coal 5000 Nat.Gas Oil Quelle: LBST Alternative World Energy Outlook 2005 Biomass SOT Wind Geothermal Heat Solarthermal Heat Geothermal Electricity Solarthermal Electricity PV Electricity Wind Power Water Power Jahr

3 Future primary energy supply

4 Fluctuating renewable electricity Vertical load curve and feed-in of wind power in E.ON grid Supply outreaches demand by far Vertical load Supply cannot satisfy demand Estimated wind power 2020 Wind power 2007 Date

5 Hydrogen as secondary energy carrier Electricity Hydrogen or:

6 Comparison of netto-storage capacities 8000 Bei einem Storage Speichervolumen of V von = 8 V Mio. = 8 Mio. m 3 m³ Source: KBB UT Wind Leistung Power in in MW AA CAES AA 23 CAES GWh H 2 H2 Gas (GuD) /vapor turbine ca GWh (1.3 TWh) 0 Pumpspeicher storage 5 GWh Time Zeit in (days) d 8 Mio. m 3 correspond to the biggest German natural gas caverne field For comparison: Pump storage Goldisthal has a Volume of 12 Mio. m 3

7

8 Daimler, FCell Packaging Fuel Cell Stack Power Distribution Unit (PDU) Battery Hydrogen Storage Cooling System Electric Drive System Module

9 Fuel Cell vehicle Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric motor Air module Essential Facts Lithium-Ion battery Hydrogen tank Fuel Cell Hydrogen module 1) Vehicle is constructed, fabricated and approved under serial condititions. 2) It was tested by a turn of 125 days around the world with km 3) Start of serial production in 2017

10 Progress Fuel Cell Technology Next Generation FCVs Next generation of the fuel cell-power train: Vehicle Type Fuel Cell System Technical Data Mercedes-Benz A-Class (Long) PEM, 72 kw (97 hp) Engine Output (Continuous / Peak): Engine 45 kw / 65 kw (87hp) Max. Torque: 210 Nm Fuel Hydrogen (35 MPa / 5,000 psi) Range 105 miles (170 km / NEDC) Top Speed 88 mph (140 km/h) Battery A-Class F-Cell NiMh, Output (Continuous / Peak): 15 kw / 20 kw (27hp); Capacity: 6 Ah, 1.2 kwh Higher stack lifetime (>2000h) Increased power Higher reliability Freeze start ability Li-Ion Battery [km] Range +135% Size - 40% Consumption - 16% [l/100km [kw] Power +30% Vehicle Type Fuel Cell System B-Class F-Cell Technical Data Mercedes-Benz B-Class PEM, 90 kw (122 hp) IPT Engine Output (Continuous/ Peak) 70kW / Engine 100kW (136hp) Max. Torque: 290 Nm Compressed Hydrogen (70 Fuel MPa / 10,000 psi) Range ca. 250 miles (400 km) Top Speed 106 mph (170 km/h) Li-Ion, Output (Continuous/ Battery Peak): 24 kw / 30 kw (40hp); Capacity 6.8 Ah, 1.4 kwh

11 Concept of Honda

12 The Hyundai Strategy, published on Feb. 27 th 2013 The ix35 Fuel Cell Specifications Hyundai plans to build 1,000 ix35 Fuel Cell vehicles by 2015 for lease to public and private fleets, primarily in Europe, where the European Union has established a hydrogen road map and initiated construction of hydrogen fueling stations. After 2015, with lowered vehicle production costs and further developed hydrogen infrastructure, Hyundai will begin manufacturing hydrogen fuel cell vehicles for consumer retail sales.

13 Phileas-Bus in Cologne in daily use in public trafic Source: HyCologne -Wasserstoff Region Rheinland

14 Source: Vossloh

15

16 Gasoline/ Diesel- Vehicles Comparison of Power-Trains II (double range) C n H 2(n+1) + (3n+1)/2 O 2 nco 2 + (n+1)/2 H 2 O H 2 /FC- vehicles Anode: H 2 2 H e - Cathode: 2 H + + ½O e - H 2 O Sum: H 2 + ½O 2 H 2 O Battery- Vehicles Cathode: Li x C n nc + x Li + + x e - Anode: Li 1-x Mn 2 O 4 + xli +xe - LiMn 2 O Batt.: Li 1-x Mn 2 O 4 +Li x C n LiMn 2 O 4 +nc

17 Powertrain of a H 2 /FC-hybrid-vehicle Electricity- Management

18 Market segments for batteryand fuel cell vehicles Annual range (1000 km) > 20 Fuel cell vehicles hybridised Battery- Vehicles < 10 Plug-in-Vehicles FC- Vehicles Compakt Class Medium Class Comfort-Class c l a s s o f v e h i c l e s Original-Source: Coalition Study

19 Concept of TOYOTA Cover Area of FCHV and EV EV: inner-city Large Middle Small PHV (Biofuel) EV Commuter Town use FCHV Long-distance trucks City bus Expressway buses Courier vehicles Middle & large passenger cars FCHV: inter-city travel Short-range Middle-range Long-range As personal mobility, EV is viable for inner-city travel, and FCHV for inter-city travel.

20 Number of passenger vehicles (hybrid) which can be supplied per ha Annual mileage passenger vehicle: 12,000 km Diesel engine Otto engine Fuel cell Reference vehicle: VW Golf Bandwidth *) *) [Passenger vehicles/ha] Biodiesel (RME) Ethanol wheat Ethanol short rotation forestry Bio-methane BTL CGH2 short rotation forestry LH2 short rotation forestry CGH2 PV LH2 PV CGH2 windpower LH2 windpower Source: LBST *) more than 99% of the land area can still be used for other purposes e.g. agriculture

21 Comparison of Fuel Cell System and Internal Combustion Engine Efficiency in % Medium Power Passenger Car Bus /Truck Fuel Cell Systems with Hydrogen Source: IBZ Power in %

22 E10-Balance Alternative 22 kg Wheat Necessary area of farmland: 39 m 2 9,5 kg Wheat 12,5 kg Wheat 106 MJ (29,4 kwh) External Energy Not CO 2 -free! 80 MJ (22,2 kwh) ^= 50 ltr. E 10 5 ltr. Ethanol Consumption: 6l/100 km 2,5 kg Bread /100 km Annual range :15 000km 375 kg Bread = ^ 585 m 2 Farmland

23 η(%) 54 Comparison hydrogen Wind-Gas for mobile application Electricity from Wind&PV Elektrolysis Methanisation (Sabatier) Transport Distribution Fuel Cell Combustion Efficiencies: η (elektrolysis) = 70% η (Sabatier) = 78% η (NEDC, ICE) = 22% η (NEDC, FC) = 42% J.Töpler

24 Comparison hydrogen Wind-Gas for mobile application E prim 8,3 Electricity from Wind&PV Elektrolysis Methanisation (Sabatier) Transport Distribution Fuel Cell Combustion Efficiencies: η (elektrolysis) = 70% η (Sabatier) = 78% 5,8 4,5 η (NEDC, ICE) = 22% η (NEDC, FC) = 42% 3,4 2,4 1 J.Töpler

25 Optiresource (Daimler AG) See: optiresource/index.html

26 Thank you very much for your attention! And see us occasionally at Which are the questions I can answer at first?