Tips on Reading This Book with Children:

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2 Level: M Word Count: th Word: spins (page 9) Teaching Focus: Phonics: Word Study Count the syllables in the words counterclockwise and imaginary. Which word has more syllables? Which word has more letters? Tips on Reading This Book with Children: 1. Read the title. Predictions after reading the title have children make predictions about the book. 2. Take a book walk. Talk about the pictures in the book. Use the content words from the book as you take the picture walk. Have children find one or two words they know as they do a picture walk. 3. Have children find words they recognize in the text. 4. Have children read the remaining text aloud. 5. Strategy Talk use to assist children while reading. Get your mouth ready Look at the picture Think does it make sense Think does it look right Think does it sound right Chunk it by looking for a part you know My Science Library Levels Read it again. 7. Complete the activities at the end of the book.

3 Earth is Tilting! by Conrad J. Storad Science Content Editor: Kristi Lew

4 Science content editor: Kristi Lew A former high school teacher with a background in biochemistry and more than 10 years of experience in cytogenetic laboratories, Kristi Lew specializes in taking complex scientific information and making it fun and interesting for scientists and non-scientists alike. She is the author of more than 20 science books for children and teachers Rourke Publishing LLC All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher. To Laurie. Dazzle the world with your kindness! -- CJS Photo credits: Cover Sailorr, Cover logo frog Eric Pohl, test tube Sergey Lazarev; Table of Contents Anton Balazh, Michelangelus; Page 5 Sailorr; Page 7 Veniamin Kraskov, Aaron Amat; Page 8 Veniamin Kraskov, Aaron Amat; Page 9 Ibooo7, Aaron Amat; Page 11 somchaij; Page 13 sebikus; Page 14 Anton Balazh, Michelangelus; Page 15 Anton Balazh, Michelangelus; Page 17 Orla; Page 19 Ibooo7, sebikus; Page 20 inginsh; Page 21 MaszaS Editor: Kelli Hicks Cover and page design by Nicola Stratford, bdpublishing.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Storad, Conrad J. Earth is tilting! / Conrad J. Storad. p. cm. -- (My science library) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN (hard cover) (alk. paper) ISBN (Soft cover) 1. Earth--Rotation--Juvenile literature. 2. Earth--Orbit--Juvenile literature. 3. Seasons--Juvenile literature. I. Title. QB633.S dc Rourke Publishing Printed in China, Power Printing Company Ltd Guangdong Province LP - rourke@rourkepublishing.com Post Office Box Vero Beach, Florida 32964

5 Table of Contents Tilt and Spin 4 Day and Night 10 The Reason for Seasons 16 Show What You Know 22 Glossary 23 Index 24

6 Tilt and Spin We live on planet Earth. It seems like our Earth is holding still, but we know that Earth is a planet moving in space. But, did you know that Earth is tilted? 4

7 Earth is like a spinning top. It rotates because it formed from a spinning cloud of gas and dust. 5

8 6 Earth leans a little to one side. Imagine a straw pushed through the center of an orange. The orange doesn t tilt when the straw is straight up.

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10 8 Now tilt the straw at an angle. The orange tilts in the same direction. The same thing happens with Earth.

11 The straw represents Earth s axis. The axis is an imaginary line from the North Pole to the South Pole. Earth spins around its tilted axis. North Pole South Pole 9

12 Day and Night Earth takes 24 hours to spin one time. We call this period of time one Earth day. During one day, half of Earth always faces toward the Sun and the other half faces away from the Sun. 10

13 The spinning motion of Earth is called rotation. It causes the cycle of day and night. 11

14 It is daytime on the part of the Earth that faces the Sun. It is nighttime on the part of Earth that faces away from the Sun. The imaginary line that divides Earth s day side from the night side is called the terminator. 12

15 Sun Earth terminator 13

16 14 Imagine you are on a spaceship looking at Earth. When you look at Earth from the side it spins from left to right.

17 When you look at Earth from the top it spins counterclockwise. 15

18 The Reason for Seasons It takes one year for Earth to complete a single orbit. During this time Earth also spins on its axis times. One year equals 365 days. 16

19 Earth is the third of eight planets that orbit Sol, the star we call the Sun. Earth Sun 17

20 As it orbits the Sun, Earth s tilt causes the seasons. It is summer on the part of the Earth tilted toward the Sun. It is winter on the part tilted away from the Sun. The path our Earth travels around the Sun is called its orbit. 18

21 autumn winter summer Sun and Earth are not to scale in this illustration spring 19

22 In winter, days get shorter because less direct sunlight reaches the part of Earth tilted away from the Sun. The temperature gets colder when less direct sunlight shines on the Earth. 20

23 In summer, days get longer because more direct sunlight reaches the part of Earth tilted toward the Sun. Our planet never gets too hot or too cold in one spot because Earth is tilting! The temperature gets hotter when more direct sunlight shines on the Earth. 21

24 1. Name the imaginary line that runs through the center of Earth from top to bottom. Why is it important? 2. How long does it take Earth to spin one time? How long does it take to complete one orbit around the Sun? 3. How does the tilt of Earth cause the seasons? 22

25 Glossary axis (AK-sis): an imaginary line through the middle of an object around which that object spins counterclockwise (koun-tur-klahk-wize): in a direction opposite to the way the hands of a clock move Earth (URTH): the third planet from the Sun, it is the planet where we live orbit (OR-bit): the curved path followed by a moon or planet as it circles another planet or the Sun Sun (SUHN): the star that the Earth and other planets revolve around and that gives us light and warmth tilted (TILT-ed): leaned, tipped, or slanted to one side 23

26 Index axis 9, 16 day(s) 10, 11, 12, 16, 20, 21 North Pole 9 orbit(s) 16, 17, 18 planet 4, 21 rotation 11 South Pole 9 Sun 10, 12, 13, 17, 18 Websites About the Author Conrad J. Storad is the award-winning author of more than 30 books for young readers. He writes about desert animals, plants, creepy crawlers, and planets. Conrad lives in Tempe, Arizona with his wife Laurie and their little double dapple wiener dog, Sophia. They love to explore Arizona s deserts and mountains. Photo by Tom Story 24

27 Comprehension & Extension: Summarize: Facts, Questions, and Responses! Think about what you read. Write one fact you learned, one question you have, and one response to the book each on a separate sticky note. Text to Self Connection: What season is your favorite? What do you like to do in that season? Extension: What Did You Learn? List three facts that you learned in this book. Draw a picture to go with each fact. Sight Words I Used: away from know that Vocabulary Check: Use glossary words in a sentence. My Science Library Levels 2-3

28 Have you ever wondered about the science all around us? Plants grow and change, the Sun rises to warm the Earth, and matter changes from one form to another. Investigate Life, Physical, Earth, and Technology science topics with Rourke s My Science Library. This library explores NSTA science standards with engaging text and colorful images to support readers from kindergarten to third grade. Are you ready to investigate? Books in My Science Library: Earth is Tilting! Gravity! Do You Feel It? Let s Classify Animals! Melting Matter Natural or Man-Made? Plants Make Their Own Food Seeds, Bees, and Pollen Studying Weather and Climates What Do Critters Do in the Winter? What s on the Food Chain Menu? Where Did the Water Go? Zap! It s Electricity! Printed in China