Case Study on the Application of BIM in Korea s Civil Engineering and Improvement of Interoperability of BIM Models

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1 , pp Case Study on the Application of BIM in Korea s Civil Engineering and Improvement of Interoperability of BIM Models Jaehyun Park 1, Hyundong Lee 1,2,* and Pilljae Kwak 1 1 Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Environmental and Plant Engineering Research Institute. 283 Goyangdae-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea 2 University of Science and Technology, Construction and Environment Engineering. 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea jhpark1224@kict.re.kr, * hdlee@kict.re.kr, pjkwak@kict.re.kr Abstract This research studied the cases of civil engineering-bim applications to understand how much BIM is being applied throughout Korea s civil engineering industry, and then analyzed the research related to the enhancement of interoperability to secure universal availability of BIM data models. To encourage BIM in civil engineering industry, a clear understanding and definition of the purpose and scope of use for BIM should come first. Based on this, cases of applying BIM for civil construction such as building BIM data(bim models) should be collected. At the same time, studies on BIM standardization for general purposes, and establishing a BIM system and its manual should also be performed continuously. Keywords: BIM(Building Information Modeling), Civil engineering, BIM data, Interoperability 1. Introduction A recent trend in both domestic and international construction industries reveals a certain paradigm shift in construction through establishment and utilization of facility data management system throughout its entire lifecycle, from planning and design of a facility to building, operation and maintenance. This has eventually resulted in a great amount of effort to introduce 3D(Three Dimensions)-based BIM(Building Information Modeling) technology [2]. BIM can define all property information related to a full lifecycle of a target structure, from planning and design to construction, operation and maintenance, in terms of technology of construction, production, management and utilization. A BIM model, which is generated by such technology, is a virtual structure built with 3D graphic data and also a data model, which contains non-graphic data such as property information. [6, 11, 14] In both domestic and overseas construction industries, there has been a lot of movement to actively utilize BIM technology introducing BIM even in the early construction planning and design stages, for example. On the other hand, the civil engineering SOC(Social Overhead Capital) industry is still at the beginning stage of BIM application and introduction. Many difficulties exist with the introduction or standardization of BIM due to civil engineering s unique characteristics and conditions [13], and the reality is that the industry lacks a sufficient number of research and case studies in the application of BIM. [14] * Corresponding Author ISSN: IJSEIA Copyright c 2015 SERSC

2 This research focuses on the civil engineering SOC industry in Korea, studying and analyzing various research and case studies that have applied or utilized BIM in the civil engineering SOC field. Moreover, it aims to understand the current level of BIM-related technology to apply it to the Korean civil engineering industry by examining the current status of research on evaluation of interoperability (information interchangeability) of BIM models, conducted to secure universal availability of BIM data. 2. Trends in Research on BIM Application in Korea s Civil Engineering SOC Industry Research and case studies, which have utilized the results of BIM applications in civil engineering SOC facilities(social infrastructures) in Korea until now, have been investigated and the summary of which is as follows in Table 1. BIM in the Korean civil engineering industry is still in its introductory phase. While there have been a number of instances of vertical structures such as plants, terminals and stations in which the application of BIM is convenient, the past 5-year period has seen a series of active research on facilities with horizontal structure (linear structure) including rails, roads and bridges, all of which have been known to be extremely difficult and technically limiting for BIM to be applied. Although BIM is not yet employed in an entire lifecycle throughout civil engineering, more cases have started to partially apply BIM technology in specific civil engineering projects and related studies, from design and construction review to process management (4D BIM) and cost calculation (5D BIM). [2, 15] In addition, the total range of areas in which BIM is applied has been steadily expanding within the civil engineering industry, an area of which involves research studies that have developed a BIM library model on water cycle facilities containing water supply, wastewater and LID installations in which the application of BIM has been lacking. Table 1. Past Research on BIM Application in Korea s Civil Engineering Industry Research (Author & Title) Lee (2011) [11] BIM application in Civil Engineering - Seohaean Expressway expansion project by Korea Expressway Corporation ( ) Target Facility Highway Description Through BIM modeling of a 2D design drawing of a highway, 2D design and 3D design can be compared, from which the possibility of BIM application can be determined. Cho et al. (2011) [2] Application of Construction Management Integrated System based on BIM in Civil Engineering Project, For Honam KTX Zone 4-2 site High-speed railroad Prior to the construction, establish and utilize a 3D virtual site by BIM modeling of information such as topography, tunnels, bridges and other structures contained in all lines. 30 Copyright c 2015 SERSC

3 Jeong et al. (2014) [7] A Study on Slope Modeling using BIM Roadside cut slope Design a cut slope in a linear section on top of ground modeling constructed by applying BIM (considering ways to utilize BIM in facet ground) Kim et al.(2014) [10] BIM application case study of civil infrastructure industry Railway construction site(lines, tunnels, stations, etc.) Through BIM modeling of a target structure, check for design errors and execute a process simulation Yang et al.(2012) [16] IFC-BIM based CO 2 Emission Accounting in Design Phase of Cable-stayed Bridge Bridges (Cablestayed bridges) Determine the means to calculate CO 2 emissions during the BIMutilized design phase, and verify suitability of the method by applying it to cable-stayed bridges Min et al.(2012) [12] A Study on Standardization for Civil-BIM Construction of Harbor Structure based on Geo- Spatial Information Technique Port structures (International Passenger Terminal) Propose GIS technology-based BIM layers on port structures and civil engineering-bim standardization via a comparison analysis with an existing BIM Moon et al.(2014) [13] Development of BIM Library for Civil Structures based on Standardized Drawings-Focused on 2D Standard Drawings of The MOLIT Road culvert and revetment structure Construct either a BIM library model on road culverts and revetments or a design model based on BIM library KICT (2013) [8] Report: Development of Integrated Operation Technology on Construction Information & Spatial Information based on BIM/GIS Interoperation Platform (Environment). Water cycle facilities (water supply, wastewater and LID facilities) Develop a BIM library model for efficient operation and maintenance of water cycle facilities 2.1. Case Studies on Applying Building Information Modeling (BIM) to Roads Moon et al., (2014) developed a Building Information Modeling library model for road culverts and retaining walls. A 3D BIM library model was developed based on standardized 2D shop drawings for quick design support. Moreover, the study used the developed BIM library model and conducted a mock project on road design to visualize its use and possibility for standardizing the developed BIM library model [13]. Copyright c 2015 SERSC 31

4 2.2. Application Examples of BIM Implementation for Water Cycle Facilities KICT (2013) developed the BIM library models for water cycle facilities which are consisted of LID (Low Impact Development) and water supply and wastewater facilities. The models were designed to operate and use water cycle facilities more effectively. Various forms of equipment and systems for each facility were selected for the development of the BIM library models; water treatment plant for water supply facilities; wastewater treatment plant for wastewater facilities; and vegetation filter facilities, infiltration facilities, and storage facilities for LID facilities. A system for property data(attribution data), which should be considered for operation and maintenance of water cycle facilities, was organized to build informational data on facilities and apply them to the BIM library models. The 3D based BIM models for water facilities, composed of the developed BIM library models, enables various functions such as intuitive visualization or searching, and the establishment of a database regarding water cycle facilities. By using them, RCM (Reliability Centered Maintenance) is possible for water cycle facilities [8]. Figure 1(a). Development Results of BIM Models of Water Supply Facilities(Flocculants-mixing, Coagulation, Settlement and Filtration Facilities of Water Treatment Plant(.rvt)) Figure 1(b). Development Results of BIM Models of Wastewater Facilities(Discharge Pump Station of Wastewater Treatment Plant(.rvt)) 32 Copyright c 2015 SERSC

5 Figure 1(c). Development Results of BIM Models of LID Facilities(Left : Rain garden of infiltration facilities(.rvt), Right : Underground storage tank of Storage Facilities(.rvt)) 3. Research Trends on Improvement of Interoperability for Domestic BIM Data Around the world, there is a variety of commercial software for BIM models, which is designed to deliver and exchange data regarding the lifecycles of facilities. BIM commercial software differs depending on the variety of BIM that is used for different purposes and each software has its own data format, leading to lack of software compatibility (or interoperability) for BIM data. This may hinder the application or implementation of BIM. To address this problem, buildingsmart supports Industry Foundation Classes (or IFC) format, an international data exchange standard [1]. However, the IFC format has its structural problems which do not accept all the differences in the way that data is organized or object definition for each commercial software packages. [5] Because of this, there is a limit to the delivery and exchange of IFC-based BIM data. Therefore, a number of studies have been conducted to come up with solutions to this issue. In Korea, various studies have been performed on the data transmission in the BIM model (data) of facilities and the compatibility assessment in the fields of civil engineering and construction to suggest solutions. Kim et al. (2009) analyzed the IFC compatibility between BIM data models of building structures constructed by using main BIM modeling tools that are commercially available and compared precedent studies that were conducted domestically and abroad in order to present compatibility issues when BIM data is transferred through IFC, and to provide solutions. BIM data built by modeling three BIM commercial models was converted to the IFC format. It was run on each software program to compare the compatibility of data through the IFC. The study looked at problems and their causes regarding the compatibility between software programs and proposed solutions for each party; IFC certification authority, BIM software developers, BIM software users and BIM project owners. [9] Choi et al. (2011) reviewed the lack of consensus concerning architecture and construction, analyzed its impact on the compatibility of geometric and property information and defined a new property set to see the compatibility of extended attributes. The study was designed to look at the compatibility of IFC attribute information between main BIM software packages for the quality assessment of BIM-based data. Then, it displayed the results of such analysis, presenting problems and solutions. Copyright c 2015 SERSC 33

6 Identified problems include the definition of primary information, error of data delivery and confusing expressions, and omission of information. Proposed solutions include improving awareness of IFC, upgrade of IFC functionality, providing ways of using IFC such as an IFC manual, and offering guidelines for BIM model development. [3] Park et al. (2014) analyzed the interoperability of BIM-IFC conversion models to review the quality of BIM models, which were developed to deliver and exchange data on facilities for maintenance of water supply facilities, and looked at the possibility of use for general purposes. Moreover, the study also identified problems and technical limits in the existing IFC model and suggested solutions to address such issues. Due to the structural limits of BIM-IFC models, implementing a standardized data exchange format can be considered as an alternative so as to address data delivery issues. COBie (Construction Operations Building information exchange) was suggested as an alternative format and its usage was also discussed. [14] COBie, an international standard format to manage asset information, is an open sourcebased data format [4, 6], with an aim of collecting, managing and exchanging data during different phases of design, construction, management and maintenance. Aside from the existing format, it also provides an extension format and therefore, it allows the ability to add data items depending on the purpose of the BIM model. In practice, COBie was suggested for water supply facilities. [14] Figure 2(a). Comparative Analysis between Original BIM Models and IFC Modified Models in Chlorination Facility of Water Treatment Plant(Original BIM Model (.rvt)) 34 Copyright c 2015 SERSC

7 Figure 2(b). Comparative Analysis Between Original BIM Models and IFC Modified Models In Chlorination Facility of Water Treatment Plant(IFC Modified model (.ifc)) 4. Conclusion This research analyzes studies on improving the interoperability for a BIM model's extensive use for general purposes and looks at case studies on implementing BIM in civil engineering so as to understand how much BIM has been applied in the civil engineering sector in Korea. The current market for BIM in the civil engineering field in Korea is in an embryonic stage. Therefore, the use of BIM may not achieve full bloom over the lifecycle of a facility at this moment. However, it started to increase in the civil engineering industry as there are more studies underway in areas where few studies have been done so far. Applied cases of BIM are increasingly growing, in a partial but significant manner. Also, much effort has been made to make better use of BIM in civil engineering by conducting various studies such as assessing the compatibility and information delivery in facilities' BIM data, identifying problems and suggesting corresponding solutions. To encourage BIM in civil engineering, a clear understanding and definition of the purpose and scope of use for BIM should come first. Based on this, cases of applying BIM for civil construction such as building BIM library models should be collected. At the same time, studies on BIM standardization for general purposes, and establishing a BIM system and its manual should also be performed continuously. Acknowledgments This research was supported by the main project Development of Integrated Operation Technology on Construction Information & Spatial Information based on BIM/GIS Interoperation Platform(Environment) of Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology(KICT). Copyright c 2015 SERSC 35

8 References [1] buildingsmart(international home of openbim), [2] H. Cho, Y. R. Cho and H. S. Kim, Application of Construction Management Integrated System based on BIM in Civil Engineering Project, KSCE(Korean Society of Civil Engineers) Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 59, no. 2, (2011), pp [3] J. S. Choi and I. H. Kim, Interoperability Tests of IFC Property Information for Open BIM based Quality Assurance, Transactions of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers, vol. 16, no. 2, (2011), pp [4] B. East, Construction-Operations Building Information Exchange (COBie), (2014). [5] C. M. Eastman, P. Teichloz, R. Sacks and K. Liston, BIM Handbook a guide to building information modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers and contractors, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, (2011). [6] IFMA and IFMA Foundation, BIM for Facility Managers, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, (2013). [7] J. S. Jeong, J. H. Kim and Y. H. Kim, A Study on Slope Modeling using BIM, Journal of the Korean Society of Design Culture, vol. 20, no. 2, (2014), pp [8] KICT(Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology), Report: Development of Integrated Operation Technology on Construction Information & Spatial Information based on BIM/GIS Interoperation Platform(Environment), (2013). [9] J. W. Kim, M. C. Lee, J. M. Choi and J. H. Ock, A Study on the Development of the Problem Improvement Directions in Enhancing 3D BIM Data Interoperability through IFC, Transactions of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers, vol. 14, no. 6, (2009), pp [10] M. J. Kim, K. H. Lee, S. H. Kwon, S. I. Park and S. C. Lee, BIM application case study of civil infrastructure industry, 2014 Conference of the Korean Society for Railway, vol. 1, no. 1, (2014), pp [11] S. H. Lee, BIM application in Civil Engineering, Geo-Environment, vol. 12, no. 1, (2011), pp [12] B. K. Min, D. H. Park, Y. G. Jang and I. J. Kang, A Study on Standardization for Civil-BIM Construction of Harbor Structure based on Geo-Spatial Information Technique, Journal of the Korean Society for GeoSpatial Information System, vol. 20, no. 3, (2012), pp [13] H. S. Moon and K. B. Ju, Development of BIM Library for Civil Structures based on Standardized Drawings-Focused on 2D Standard Drawings of The MOLIT, Transactions of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers, vol. 19, no. 1, (2014), pp [14] J. H. Park, H. D. Lee and P. J. Kwak, Development of BIM models and management of BIM data for waterworks maintenance, Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater, vol. 28, no. 6, (2014), pp [15] C. S. Shim and K. M. Lee, 3D BIM Design Guidelines for Civil Infrastructures, KSCE(Korean Society of Civil Engineers), Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 57, no. 11, (2009), pp [16] M. S. Yang, K. J. Mun, S. I. Park, S. J. Kim and S. H. Lee, IFC-BIM based CO 2 Emission Accounting in Design Phase of Cable-stayed Bridge, 2012 Conference of KSCE(Korean Society of Civil Engineers), vol. 1, no. 1, (2012), pp Jaehyun Park Authors Major: Construction Environment Engineering Degree: M.S. Affiliation: Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology(KICT) Hyundong Lee Major: Environmental Engineering Degree: Ph.D. Affiliation: Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology(KICT), University of Science and Technology(UST) 36 Copyright c 2015 SERSC

9 Pilljae Kwak Major: Environmental Engineering Degree: Ph.D. Affiliation: Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology(KICT) Copyright c 2015 SERSC 37

10 38 Copyright c 2015 SERSC