Information technical support system of Management of the Supply Chain

Transcription

1 Information technical support system of Management of the Supply Chain Yang Jing,Jiang Hua School of KeXin Hebei university of Engineering,P.R.China Abstract Effective supply chain management is set up on the basis of high-quality information transmission and sharing, and the reliable support that the information technology offer that this can not leave again. This text has probed into the information technology to the influence which supplies chain management and support system taking shape in supplying chain management of the information technology to supplying the characteristic of chain information flow. Key words Supply Chain Management; Information Technology; Support the system 1 Intruduction The supply chain management (SCM) emerges is the reason attempts to the enterprise to eliminate the production and the goods in stock plan which too is slow because of the information transmission or wrong misleads. The 90's, some computers manufacturer like HP, or the production housewares treasure is clean (P & G) to start the information system to do, the downriver conformity, hoped through correct and fast information transmission, analysis and conformity, achieved does to the market demand fast stock goal and so on reflected and reduces. Therefore, the effective supply chain management is the establishment in the high grade information transmission and in the sharing foundation, but this cannot leave the reliable support which the information technology provides. 2 characteristices of Supply chain information flow In the present era, the information has become the decision enterprise survival and the development Custome r Saler Sub-Saler sales product Purchase Supplier R&D Stock Information flow of single enterprise Supply Chain s Information flow(edi,eos,van,internet) key aspect, how does any enterprise all need to face integrates the information the question. The Figure 1: Supplies the chain s information flow and the single enterprise's information flow information already has from up and down level enterprise's longitudinal information, also has from the enterprise interior crosswise information, but also has from the macroscopic stratification plane in information. How transmits and shares these information, up and down level enterprise's economic activities as well as the enterprise interior various departments, various posts function behavior 310

2 coordinates, supplies the core question which the chain administration center must process. Compares with the single enterprise situation, supplies the chain to take one kind of expansion enterprise, its information flows with the gain way displays own characteristic. 2.1 The cover scope is broad Supplied in the chain the information flow to cover from the supplier, the manufacturer to has retailed business to arrive the retail merchant and so on to supply in the chain again all links. Its information flow divides into the demand information flow and the supply information flow, this is a information flow which two differently flows to. When the demand information (for example customer order form, productive plan, purchase gathers same level) from the consumer flows to the supplier, then can product logistics. Simultaneously supplies the information (for example to go into storage list, finishes report list, keeps in stock record, may supply sales volume, bill of lading and so on) together along to supply the chain with the material to flow from the supplier to the consumer. Under the single enterprise's information flow then mainly defined enters, sells, saves the recording in the enterprise ( see Figure 1). 2.2 The gain way are many Because the enterprise in the supplies chain is one kind of cooperation relations and the benefit community, thus supplies in the chain the information acquisition channel to be multitudinous, regarding the demand information said already has also has from the customer from retails business and the retail merchant; The supply information comes from to various suppliers, these information but flow through the supply chain information system in all enterprises with the share. As for the single enterprise situation, because has not formed the benefit community with the up and down level enterprise, therefore single enterprise's information acquisition then completely relies to own collection. 2.3 The information quality is high As a result of the existence specialized labor division, supplies the chain the center information quality to have strongly under the single enterprise's information quality, for example retails business and the retail merchant may specially be responsible to collect the demand information, the supplier collects the supply information, the production merchant collection product information and so on. 3 Information technology and supply chain management The information technology development for supplied the chain management to provide the effective support. How about regards the information technology to supply the influence which the chain manages, how uses question and so on information technology in the supply chain management, through the research, basically may induce is three aspects: 3.1 Strengthens supplies in the chain information sharing to be allowed effectively to improve supplies the chain the management When supplies the chain various members only to act according to comes when carries on the decision-making from its neighboring subordinate information, the system will have the demand enlargement phenomenon, will cause this kind of phenomenon reason certainly will not be various members' non- rationality, but will be in the actual information not clear situation rational decision-making, including in the non- steady demand situation demand forecast, in anticipated will lack in the goods situation will increase the ordering quantity, when the existence fixed ordering expense and the batch effect increases the ordering batch and so on. This kind of phenomenon occurrence to will 311

3 supply chain all members all to have the negative influence. In order to eliminate or suppresses this kind of phenomenon, may take the corresponding countermeasure in the supply chain scope, like strengthens information sharing, reduces the delay time, the coordinated ordering and the simplification promotion behavior and so on. 3.2 The information technology development strengthened the supply chain interior cooperation The information technology development enables the enterprise to be able conveniently to use the information technology and the supply chain other members carries on the exchange and the cooperation, the working costs also therefore relatively reduce, enables the enterprise to choose more suppliers in the similar information working costs level to obtain a cheaper supply and the service. In other words, the enterprise if between supplier's relations will have the possibility to change are unreliable, are unstable, but will succeed in fact the enterprise will choose the supplier number has not certainly increased, but will be reduces. Actually, "the enterprise if between the supplier and the user had to establish one kind of cooperation relations" this point already to have the explicit request in J I T, was only has received the enough value. 3.3 The information technology development may help to establish the more perfect user demand model The end-user is supplies the chain an important constituent, supplies a very important appraisal target to the user demand response condition which the chain manages, therefore can grasp the user demand well supplies the foundation which the chain manages. At present very many articles all have used the different approximate supposition to the demand and its the distribution, but the demand is stochastic in fact, its issue is not like our general supposition such ideal. Therefore, it is necessary supplies the chain in the consideration in the stock control question to consider to the demand forecast, according to the different situation choice different forecast model, establishes the appropriate demand model. 4 Supply the information technical support system of management of the chain The supply chain information system establishment is needs, we which the massive information technology supports the main domain which involve from the supply chain management discussed the information technology the strut system which forms in the supply chain management. The supply chain management involves the main domain includes: The product (service) designs, the production, the market marketing, the customer service, the thing flows the supply and so on. It is take synchronized, the integration productive plan as the instruction, through uses each kind of different information technology to enhance these domains the operation achievements (to see Figure 2). The information technology to supplies the chain the strut to divide into two stratification planes. The first stratification plane is by foundation information technology constitution and so on authentication code technology, automatic diagnosis and data acquisition technology, electron data exchange technology, Internet technology. Authentication code technology The unification information encoding is realizes in the supply chain data exchange and the sharing between the trade partner foundation. Not it, the automatic diagnosis technology and the electron data exchange (EDI) is impossible to realize. Through applies of the information encoding standardization technology in the supply chain management system management system, in between realization supply 312

4 chain activity data exchange and resources sharing automatic data acquisition and system, promotion supply chain each activity highly effective revolution. Automatic diagnosis and data acquisition technology CRM Supplier s Supplier Supplier Product(Service) designs Marketing/sales Producti on Customer service Customer Customer s Customer CAD/CAPP/ CAE/CAM Demond and Supply plan ( ERP/MRP Ⅱ) CRM Contact mathod EDI;WEB;B2B;B2C;EOS; Figure 2 Information technology in supply chain management application The automatic diagnosis and the data acquisition (AIDC) has become in the supply chain management process processing to flow the information the ideal technology. With the aid of the automatic diagnosis technology, through the automatic data recognition and the data acquisition, may guarantee the supply chain various links high speed accurate data gain and the real-time control. At present, supplies in the chain management, the most commonly used AIDC technology is the bar code technology and the radio frequency recognition technology. The bar code technology because occurs the point in time in the activity to be able immediate automatically to read takes the information, therefore is advantageous for promptly catches the consumer the need, enhances the commodity sale effect. The bar code substitution keyboard entry enhanced the data acquisition accuracy, its technical application has solved the data input and the data acquisition "the bottleneck" the question. The radio frequency recognition (RFID) the technology is one kind of newer automatic diagnosis technology. Because the radio frequency recognition technology characteristic is may the must contact knowledge read (knowledge to read distance to be allowed from several centimeters to several dozens meters), to be possible to distinguish the high speed mobile, the anti- adverse circumstance, the secrecy is strong, may simultaneously distinguish many recognitions object and so on, thus widely applies to the 313

5 manufacturing industry and other is not suitable in the environment which the bar code label exists. In the supply chain process control, it is widely applied to the transport means automatic diagnosis (AVI), the goods track and the surveillance, the shop security system, the highway charge and the intelligence transportation system (ITS), aspect and so on production line automation and process control. Electron Data Exchange (EDI) The EDI technology is refers to between the different enterprise in order to enhance management the efficiency to carry on the data transmission and the exchange method in the standardized foundation through the computer network. EDI is the implementation fast response (QR), the highly effective consumer responds (ECR), highly effective makes up the goods and so on the method essential technology. At present, the nearly all supplies chain manages the operation method all cannot leave the EDI technology support. The EDI main function displays in the electron data transmission and the exchange, the transmission data saves the card, the copy clerk data standard form transformation, the safe security, provides the information inquiry, provides the technology advisory service, provides the information multiplication service and so on, the global 500 big enterprises which the American wealth magazine evaluates all exchanges the commercial information using the EDI system with theirs main customer and the supplier. Internet technology The Internet technology vigorous development for supplied chain member information sharing and the exchange provides has been relatively convenient, quickly and the inexpensive master tool. Along with wireless accesses the net the technical development and is mature, supplies the chain member to be allowed not to be engaged in the spatial limit the commercial activity. The second stratification plane is the support enterprise which develops in some foundation information technologies foundations produces, the management manages each aspect the information system and the application software. When specifically integrates and applies these systems, should not merely them regard as is one kind of technology solution, but should profoundly understand they refract management thought. Point of Sales information system (POS) POS is refers through automatically reads takes the equipment (cash register) when the sales commodity straight respectfully receiveds and reads takes the commodity sale information, and carries on the analysis processing through the communication network and the computer system transmission to the department concerned to enhance the management efficiency the system. Electronic automatic ordering system (EOS) EOS is refers to the enterprise (VAN or Internet) and the terminal device (ON-LINE) the way carries on the ordering work and the ordering exchange of information system using the communication network by the on-line joint. Is opposite to the traditional ordering way, the EOS system may reduce from receives the order form to send out the ordering the time, reduces the ordering commodity the date of delivery, reduces the commodity order form the error ratio; Is advantageous to the reduced enterprise's stock level, enhances the enterprise the stock management efficiency; Regarding produces the factory and the wholesaler said that, through the analysis retail merchant's commodity ordering information, can accurately judge the goods that are selling well and the unsalable commodity, is 314

6 advantageous to the adjustment commodity production and the sales plan. Computer-Aided Design (CAD), Computer Assistance Process Plan (CAPP), Computer Assistance Engineering (CAE) and Cmputer Assistance Manufacture (CAM) Computer assistance technology and so on CAD/CAPP/CAE/CAM mainly uses in to support the new product design and the manufacture. (Product data management) develops along with PDM, effectively has established between CAD, CAPP, CAE, the CAM information integration, on the realization supply chain between various enterprises correct and the fast data exchange, thus further speeds up the product development time, reduced the expense. Enterprise Resources Plan (ERP), Manufacture Resources Plan II (MRPII), Just In Time (JIT) ERP/ MRPII/ JIT and so on mainly is uses in the enterprise production control and keeps in stock the control. Certainly the ERP scope is broader, has manifested has supplied the thought which the chain manages, its application domain develops from the traditional manufacturing industry to other types professions. Technical the and so on ERP/ MRPII/ JIT application may solve the many kinds of complex problems which the enterprise produces appears, promoted the enterprise service flow, the information flow and the organizational structure transformation, enhances the enterprise production and the entire supply chain flexibility, guaranteed produces and supplies the chain the normal operation. Customer Relations Management (CRM) The Customer Relations Management (CRM) is refers in enterprise's operation process end unceasingly accumulates the customer information, and the use obtains the customer information formulates the market strategy to meet the customer individuality need. The CRM most main function module is the customer service, the market marketing, the sale. Through applies CRM between the enterprise information sharing, may promote on the supply chain between various enterprises' service level, enhances the customer degree of satisfaction, maintains the higher customer retention, has the positive influence to the customer income and the latent income and so on. Electronic Commerce The electronic commerce is between each participation side by the electronic way but is not any form service transaction which completes through the physical exchange or the direct physical contact, it including electron data exchange (EDI), electron payment means, electronic ordering system, , facsimile, network, electric bulletin, bar code, picture processing, smart card and so on. In supply chain management, electronic commerce generally for enterprise to enterprise (B2B) and enterprise to consumer (B2C) two kind of types. The electronic commerce was supplying goods aspect and so on system management, stock management, transportation management and information circulation enhances the enterprise to supply the chain management operation the efficiency. Reference [1]Ma Shihua, Lin Yong, Chen Zhixiang, Supply Chain Management, mechanical industry publishing house publication [2]Han Jian, Wu Cheng, Fan Yushun, Supply Chain Modelling And Management Technical Present situation And Development Tendency, computer integration manufacture system (CIMS), vol ,