All contents of this presentation (that is, the texts, photos, graphics, images, icons) are intellectual property of Fraunhofer UMSICHT.

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1 All contents of this presentation (that is, the texts, photos, graphics, images, icons) are intellectual property of Fraunhofer UMSICHT. Without explicit written permission this document and/or parts of it are not allowed to be transferred, modified, published, translated or copied, neither by fotocopy nor by microfilm or other especially electronical procedures. This also covers registering in or evaluation by any database. Infringement of this rule will be prosecuted and can result in civil and criminal proceedings. Copyright Fraunhofer UMSICHT, 2012 Contact: Fraunhofer UMSICHT Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Pflaum Innovation Management and Industrial property rights Osterfelder Straße Oberhausen Germany Fon: -49 (0) hartmut.pflaum@umsicht.fraunhofer.de

2 Biogas upgrading technologies technical and financial aspects Sabine Strauch Fraunhofer UMSICHT GreenGasGrids study tour June 2012, Asten (A) Fraunhofer UMSICHT

3 Agenda FhG and Fraunhofer UMSICHT Status quo in Europe Overview on upgrading technologies Desulphurization Gas drying CO 2 removal Flue gas treatment Financial aspects Summary Slide 3

4 Agenda FhG and Fraunhofer UMSICHT Status quo in Europe Overview on upgrading technologies Desulphurization Gas drying CO 2 removal Flue gas treatment Financial aspects Summary Slide 4

5 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft One of the leading research organisations in Europe 60 institutes at 40 locations in Germany Offices in USA, Japan, China, Korea etc. Fraunhofer UMSICHT in Oberhausen, Germany founded in 1990 Research fields in environmental, material, process technology 24.8 mio turnover in 2011 approx. 345 employees Oberhausen Aachen Duisburg Euskirchen Darmstadt Würzburg Kaiserslautern Erlangen St. Ingbert Wertheim Saarbrücken Karlsruhe Bremen Berlin Hannover Potsdam Teltow Braunschweig Nuthetal Magdeburg Paderborn Cottbus Dortmund Halle Leipzig Schmallenberg Schkopau Dresden Sankt Augustin Freiburg Pfinztal Itzehoe Stuttgart Lübeck Ilmenau München Nürnberg Rostock Jena Chemnitz Freising Efringen-Kirchen Holzkirchen Slide 5

6 Biogas technology Fraunhofer UMSICHT s research Research in the field of biogas Process control and optimisation of biogas plant concepts Influence of micro nutrients and inhibiting components Biogas upgrading and injection to grid Biogas cleaning and desulphurization Biological methanation (power to gas) Services in the field of biogas Feasibility studies and technology evaluation Lab services (e.g. digestion tests) Engineering of pilot plants Slide 6

7 Agenda FhG and Fraunhofer UMSICHT Status quo in Europe Overview on upgrading technologies Desulphurization Gas drying CO 2 removal Flue gas treatment Financial aspects Summary Slide 7

8 Biogas and biomethane production Status quo in Europe Country Biomethane plants Biomethane plants feeding the grid Biogas plants total Agricultural Biowaste (incl. organic MSW) Sewage Austria Croatia France Germany approx Hungary Italy Netherlands Poland approx. 200 Slovakia UK > 200 Sweden Switzerland TOTAL LFG Slide 8

9 Agenda FhG and Fraunhofer UMSICHT Status quo in Europe Overview on upgrading technologies Desulphurization Gas drying CO 2 removal Flue gas treatment Financial aspects Summary Slide 9

10 Overview on upgrading technologies Biogas composition Raw biogas Desulphurization CO 2 removal Gas drying Biomethane Main components: CH Vol. % (dry gas) CO Vol. % Humidity: H 2 O 4-12 Vol. % Trace gases: H 2 S mg/m 3 (exemption possible!) NH 3 < 100 mg/m 3 Cl, F < 0,2 mg/m 3 Hydrocarbons < 10 mg/m 3 Si-components traces Slide 10

11 Overview on upgrading technologies Biogas composition Raw biogas Desulphurization CO 2 removal Gas drying Biomethane Rough Rough desulphurization desulphurization Sulfide Sulfide precipitation precipitation Biolog. Biolog. treatment treatment Scrubbing Scrubbing Fine Fine desulphurization desulphurization Activated Activated charcoal charcoal Cooling Coolingwith withcondensate condensateremoval Adsorptive Adsorptivedrying drying e.g. e.g. silica silicagel gel Scrubbing Scrubbing e.g. e.g. glycol glycol Slide 11

12 Overview on upgrading technologies CO 2 -removal Raw biogas Desulphurization CO 2 removal Gas drying Biomethane Pressurised water scrubber Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) Scrubbing with amine or polyglycol solutions Membrane technology (Cryogenic technology, Hybrid Membrane/cryogenic) Number of plants Biomethane in Germany Technologies for CO2 removal (status March 2012) PSA Chem. Scrubber (amine) Water scrubber Polyglycol - scrubber Membrane * Year Slide 12

13 Overview on upgrading technologies CO 2 removal Criteria PSA Water wash Polyglycol scrubber Fine desulphurization of RBG required Gas quality of product gas [CH 4 content in %] Amine scrubber Membrane technology Hybrid Membrane/ Cryogenic Yes No Recommended Yes* Yes Yes > 96% > 97% > 97% > 99% >98% >97% Methane slip [% of RBG] <3%** 1-2% 1-2% < 0,1% 0,6-6%** 0,004% Operation pressure [bar] Membrane: 6-10 Cryogenic:17 Electricity consumption [kwh/nm³ gas 0,26 < 0,25 0,24-0,33 <0,15 0,2-0,23 0,35-0,37*** 7bar] Heat demand (temperatur level) No No Yes (55-80 C) Yes ( C****) Demand for chemicals No No Yes Yes No No References in Germany (ca.) * dependent on type of amine ** strongly dependent on plant set up and mode of operation *** energy recovery from CO2 condensation **** dependent on operation pressure RBG - raw biogas No No Slide 13

14 Overview on upgrading technologies Technology suppliers (examples) PSA Water wash Amine scrubber Polyglycol scrubber Suppliers of upgrading technology (no claim to be complete!) Viessmann CarboTech ETW Energietechnik Cirmac Mahler AGS XEBEC (Questair) Malmberg Greenlane Biogas / Flotech Ros Roca / YIT MT Biomethan Cirmac Bilfinger Berger Industrial Services (BIS E.M.S.) Dr. Günther Engineering (DGE) Dreyer & Bosse Haase Energietechnik Schwelm Anlagentechnik Membrane technology Axiom / Bebra Biogas Envitec, MT Biomethan (Evonik Industries) Cirmac Pentair Haffmans BV Slide 14

15 Overview on upgrading technologies Flue gas treatment Methane has a GHG potential of 25! Methane loss must be avoided, flue gas containing methane has to be treated Available technologies: Thermal oxidation Catalytic oxidation Regenerating-thermal oxidation FLOX-burner Fraunhofer UMSICHT Slide 15

16 Agenda FhG and Fraunhofer UMSICHT Status quo in Europe Overview on upgrading technologies Desulphurization Gas drying CO 2 removal Flue gas treatment Financial aspects Summary Slide 16

17 Financial aspects of biomethane production Overview Costs for biogas production depend on kind of substrate, plant size, applied technology, site conditions and many more. Biogas upgrading vary by technology (about 1-2 ct/kwh HHV ) Total biomethane production costs of 6-8 ct/kwh HHV Slide 17

18 Summary Technology is available and proven at more than 170 plants throughout Europe Different types of technologies, site conditions matter when choosing the appropriate technology Methane emissions must be avoided e.g. by flue gas treatment and appropriate mode of plant operation Slide 18

19 FRAUNHOFER UMSICHT Renewable Resources Thanks for your attention! Contact Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Straße Oberhausen, Germany Internet: info@umsicht.fraunhofer.de Fraunhofer UMSICHT Sabine Strauch Tel: +49 (0) sabine.strauch@umsicht.fraunhofer.de