Potentials of Biomass in Thailand

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1 Potentials of Biomass in Thailand GIZ Berlin, Germany 5 March 2012 Dr.Pongsak Hengniran, Kesetsart University

2 Major Agricultural Crops Cassava Sugarcane Oil palm Paddy Rice Maize

3 Potential of Cassava for Thailand Leaves Stem Manioc esculenta Cassava, Yuca, Mandioa, Manioc, or Tapioca Height: m Rhizome Root Cultivating time: 8-12 months Rhizome

4 Potential of Sugarcane for Thailand Top Leaf Saccharum officinarum Sugarcane, or Cane Height: 2-5 m Cultivating time: months Bagasse Outer leaf

5 Potential of Oil Palm for Thailand Elaeis guineensis Oil Palm Height: m Cultivating time: years EFB Fiber Shell

6 Potential of Paddy Rice for Thailand Orica sativa (L.) Paddy Rice, or Rice Height: m Cultivating time: 4-6 months Rice Straw Rice Husk

7 Potential of Maize for Thailand Zee mays (L.) Maize, or Corn Height: 2.5 m Cultivating time: 4-5 months Corn Cob Corn Stove

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11 Minor Agricultural Crops Coconut Jatropha Sorghum Kenaf Cotton Groundnut Soybean

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13 Wood and Fast-Growing Trees Rubber/Para Wood Have brasiliensis M ha Eucalyptus Eucalyptus camaldulensis 0.8 M ha

14 Wood and Fast-Growing Trees Acacia mangium Acacia auriculiformis Leucaena leucocephala 0.3 M ha

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17 Competing uses for biomass in Thailand Biomass Residue Conservation & Collection Feed Fiber Fertilizer Feedstock Fuel Dr.Pongsak Hengniran Final Biomass Residue

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22 Barriers for utilizing Solid Biomass The residues are difficult and costly to transport. It is difficult and costly to collect large quantities field residues. The annual yields of most crops are usually unpredictable. The costs of some residues normally have a wide range. Some crops have a difficulty to suddenly increase the production

23 Summary Thailand has a great potential to produce energy from biomass. The excess solid biomass for energy production is: 55 M t for M t for M t for 2016 High competition in commercial agricultural residues.

24 Summary It still has a room for non-commercial agricultural residues, but they have a problem with collection/transportation/storing costs. This situation is suitable for small energy plants. For large energy plants, plantation of wood energy is necessary.

25 Thank you for your attention Dr.Pongsak Hengniran, Kesetsart University

26 Questions? Dr.Pongsak Hengniran / Dep. Forest Products