Gustave Caillebotte and Visual Representation : Perspective, Photography and Movement. Illustrations and Paintings
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1 LAETITIA PELACCHI Gustave Caillebotte and Visual Representation : Perspective, Photography and Movement Illustrations and Paintings Research Masters in History and Philosophy of Art Supervisor : Dr. Jon Kear University of Kent
2 Chapter 1 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1 Caillebotte, G. (1877). Rue de Paris; temps de pluie, (Street of Paris; Rainy Day), [Oil on Canvas], Held at the Art Institute of Chicago x cm. Study of two-points perspective Figure 2 Caillebotte, G. (1876). Le Pont de l Europe, [Oil on Canvas], Held at Musee du Petit Palais, Geneva x cm. Study of one-point perspective 1
3 Figure 3: Gustave Caillebotte, Rue de Paris; temps de pluie. Study of proportions Figure 4 : Piero Della Francesca. (c ). Flagellation of Christ, [Oil on tempera on panel], Held at Galleria Nazionale delle Marche, Urbino x 81.5 cm. Studies of proportions Figure 5 : Gustave Caillebotte, Rue de Paris ; temps de pluie. Study of proportions and comparison with Piero Della Francesca 2
4 Figure 6: Plan of Paris 1868 Figure 7 : Plan of Quartier de l Opéra, 1868 Figure 8 : Plan of Paris with the Second Empire transformations, (darker lines) underlined by Charles Merruau and approved by Napoléon III. Photograph taken from Van Zanten Building Paris
5 Figure 9 : Plan of Paris with proposed streets marked accompanying the Traité of 1858 (dated in pen, 1854). Illustrated from Van Zanten Building Paris 1994 Figure 10 : Caillebotte, G. (c.1880). Le Boulevard des Italiens, [Oil on canvas], Private collection. 54 x 65 cm Figure 11 : Caillebotte, G. ( ). La Caserne de la Pépinière, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection. 54 x 65 cm 4
6 Figure 12: Caillebotte, G. ( ). La Place Saint-Augustin, [Oil on Canva], Private Collection. 54 x 65 cm Figure 13: Monet, C. ( ). Boulevard des Capucines, [Oil on canvas], Held at Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri, 80.3 x 60.3 cm 5
7 Figure 14: A.O. Champagne. (1889). The Colonnade of the Loubre from Rue de Rivoli, Albumen print, Collection of George Eastman House, Rochester, New York, 20.3 x 55.5 cm Figure 15: Caillebotte, G. (1875). Raboteurs de parquets, [Oil on canvas], Held at the Musée d Orsay, Paris, 102 x 146cm Figure 16: 6
8 Figure 17: Caillebotte, G. (1875). Raboteurs de Parquets (esquisse), [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 26 x 39 cm Linear mark Figure 18: Photographs taken by J. Kirk Varnedoe showing the idea of movement: left: racloir and file, middle: working with the racloir, right: sharpening the blade of the raloir (as written in Varnedoe s book) 7
9 Figure 19: Chardin, J.S. (c.1764). Still Life with a White Mug, [Oil on canvas], Held at National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C, overall: 33.1 x 41.2 cm, framed: 52.1 x 60 x 6 cm Figure 20: Caillebotte, G. (1876). Raboteurs de Parquet (variante), [Oil on canvas], Private collection, 80 x 100 cm Figure 21: 8
10 Figure 22: Caillebotte, Study of a Man under an Umbrella in Profile and Facing Left, with the Silhouette of Another Man under an Umbrella in the Right Background. Graphite and Conté crayon on buff laid paper, 46.3 x 29.7 cm, 1877 Figure 23: Caillebotte. G. (1877). Peintres en Bâtiment, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 87 x 116 cm 9
11 Figure 24: Caillebotte, Study for House-Painters, Graphite; dimension unknown Figure 25: a) Caillebotte. G. (1877). Peintres en Bâtiment, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 87 x 116 cm, circled the woman in the background b) Caillebotte. G. (1877). Peintres en Bâtiment, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 87 x 116 cm, close-up view on the woman in the background 10
12 Figure 26: Caillebotte, Two Studies of a Woman under an Umbrella; one for the Back, the Other in Profile Facing Left, 47.9 x 30.9 cm, Graphite on buff laid paper, 1877 Figure 27: Caillebotte, Study of a Woman with a Small Umbrella, Seen from the Back, 47 x 31.7 cm, Graphite and charcoal on gray-blue paper,
13 Figure 28: Caillebotte, Study of a Woman with a Large Umbrella Seen from the Back, Graphite on cream paper, 47 x 31.7 cm, 1877 Figure 29: Caillebotte. G. (1876). The Pont de l Europe, [Oil on Canvas], Musée du Petit Palais, Genova, x cm 12
14 Figure 30: Figure 31: 13
15 Figure 32: Gustave Caillebotte, Sketch for Pont de l Europe, Oil on Canvas, 32 x 45 cm. Musée des Beaux-Arts, Rennes, 1876 Figure 33: Caillebotte. G. (1994), The Pont de l Europe (Study), [Oil on Canvas], Private Collection, 55.5 x 45.7 cm 14
16 Figure 34: Gustave Caillebotte, Study for The Pont de l Europe, Oil on Canvas, 32 x 45 cm, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Rennes, 1876 Figure 35: Gustave Caillebotte, Pont de l Europe (Variant), Oil on Canvas, 105 x 131 cm, Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, 1876/77 or c
17 Chapter 2: Figure 1: Photo by J. Kirk T. Varnedoe, View from the corner window at 77, rue de Miromesnil, 55 mm. lens. Taken from: Kirk T. Varnedoe and Suzanne Boorsch, Gustave Caillebotte: A Retrospective Exhibition, p 62 Figure 2: Photo by J. Kirk T. Varnedoe, View from the corner window at 77, rue de Miromesnil, 28 mm. lens. Taken from: Taken from: Kirk T. Varnedoe and Suzanne Boorsch, Gustave Caillebotte: A Retrospective Exhibition, p 62 16
18 Figure 3: Caillebotte, G. (1875). Jeune Homme à la Fenêtre, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 117 x 82 cm Figure 4: Caillebotte. G. (1876). The Pont de l Europe, [Oil on Canvas], Musée du Petit Palais, Genova, x cm Figure 5: Photo by J. Kirk T. Varnedoe, View up the rue de Vienne toward the Place de l Europe, 55mm. lens. Taken from: Kirk T. Varnedoe and Suzanne Boorsch, Gustave Caillebotte: A Retrospective Exhibition, p 62 17
19 Figure 6: Photo by J. Kirk T. Varnedoe, View up the rue de Vienne, looking towards the Place de l Europe, 24mm. lens. Taken from: Kirk T. Varnedoe and Suzanne Boorsch, Gustave Caillebotte: A Retrospective Exhibition, p 62 Figure 7: Caillebotte, G. (1877). Rue de Paris; temps de pluie, (Street of Paris; Rainy Day), [Oil on Canvas], Held at the Art Institute of Chicago x cm. Figure 8: Photo by J. Kirk T. Varnedoe, View from the rue de Turin, looking toward the rue de Moscou, 55 mm lens. Taken from: Kirk T. Varnedoe and Suzanne Boorsch, Gustave Caillebotte: A Retrospective Exhibition, p 62 18
20 Figure 9: Photo by J. Kirk T. Varnedoe, View from the rue de Turin, looking toward the rue de Moscou, 55 mm lens. Taken from: Kirk T. Varnedoe and Suzanne Boorsch, Gustave Caillebotte: A Retrospective Exhibition, p 62 Figure 10: Caillebotte, Study of a Man under an Umbrella Facing Right, with Compositional Study for Oarsmen, both Squared for Transfer, Graphite on tracing paper, 30.7 x 27.5 cm, Private Collection,
21 Figure 11: Standing Man in Top Hat With Left Hand in Pocket, Raised Cane in Right Hand: Study for Portrait de Paul Hugot, 1877 Figure 12: Drawing for Paul Hugot, 1878, Pencil on tracing paper, 24.7 x 30.7cm. (whole sheet). Private collection, France. 20
22 Figure 13: Monet. C. ( ). Boulevard des Capucines, [Oil on canvas], Nelson- Atkins Museums of Art, Kansas City. Missouri, 80.3 x 60.3 cm Figure 14: Adolphe Baun, The Pont des Arts. Detail from panoramic photograph of Paris. Collection Société française de Photographie, Paris,
23 Figure 15: Caillebotte. G. (1878). Vue de toits, effet de neige, also known as toit sous la neige, Paris, [Oil on canvas], Musée d Orsay, Paris, 64 x 82 cm Figure 16: Caillebotte. M. (year unknown). L entrée du Bd Malherbes. Effet de Neige, location unknown Figure 17: Caillebotte. M. (Février 1892). Le Trocadéro, Tirage argentique, Collection particulière, 10.5 x 15.5 cm 22
24 Figure 18: Caillebotte. M. (Février 1892). La Tour Eiffel, Tirage argentique, Collection particulière, 15.5 x 11 cm Figure 19: Gustave Caillebotte, Study for Le Pont de l Europe, L Homme au Chapeau Haut de Forme, [Oil on Canvas], 54.5 x 38 cm. Private Collection. Houston
25 Figure 20: Caillebotte. M. (Février 1892). Gustave Caillebotte et Berengère sur la place du Caroussel, Tirage Argentique, Collection particulière, 15 x 11 cm Figure 21: Detail of The Pont de l Europe showing the male figure on the left with the reversed overlaid computer tracing drawing of Caillebotte s Study for The Pont de l Europe, man wearing a top hat, turned to the left. As stated from Karin Sagner s caption. Taken from: Karin Sagner, An Impressionist and Photography, Gustave Caillebotte, (Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt, Hirmer), p 96 24
26 Figure 22: Janu-faced drawing and (picture on the top right corner with overlays of computer tracings of both profiles. (Picture on the bottom left corner) pentimento (cyan) overlaid with the head from picture on the top left hand corner in red. (Picture on the bottom right corner) mauve profile of man in picture on the top right hand corner overlaid on the painting. The vertical line is 5 cm long and is the same for both the drawing and the painting. As stated from Karin Sagner s caption. Taken from: Karin Sagner, An Impressionist and Photography, Gustave Caillebotte, (Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt, Hirmer), p 96 Figure 23: Caillebotte. G. (1880). Intérieur, also known as Intérieur, femme à la fenêtre, [Oil on canvas], cm, Private Collection, 116 cm x 89 cm 25
27 Figure 24: Caillebotte. M. (year unknown), Marie Caillebotte chez elle, 9, rue Scribe, Tirage argentique, Collection particulière, 11 x 16 cm Figure 25: Caillebotte. M. (year unknown). Maurice Minoret chez Martial Caillebotte, 9, rue Scribe, Tirage argentique, Collection particulière, 12 x 16.5 cm Figure 26: John Verge. John Frederick Goddard, British Photographer. ca Albumen print by Werge from a copy negative of his own daguerreotype. Collection Beaumont Newhall, Santa Fe. 26
28 Figure 27: Martial. M. (vers ). Marie Caillebotte, Georges, Amélie, Marie et Camille Minoret, 13, avenue e l Opéra chez Camille Minoret, Tirage argentique, Collection particualière, 12 x 15.5 cm Figure 28: Caillebotte. G. (1877). Peintres en Bâtiment, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 87 x 116 cm, circled the woman in the background Figure 29: Martial Caillebotte, La Descente d un Reverbere (Pont de la Concorde), cote 1-8, Decembre 1891, Tirage argentique, 14.5 x 10.5cm, Collection particuliere 27
29 Figure 30: Martial Caillebotte, Ouvriers travaillant aux réparations sur l arc de triomphe, cote 5-5, Février 1892, Tirage argentique, 15.5 x 11 cm, Collection particulière Figure 31 : Caillebotte. C. (c.1880). Homme au Balcon, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, Paris, 116 x 90 cm 28
30 Figure 32 : Martial Caillebotte, Moi au Balcon, cote 1-2, Décembre 1891, Tirage argentique, 15.5 x 10.5 cm, Collection particulière Figure 33 : Martial Caillebotte, Marie au Balcon, cote 1-1, Décembre 1891, Tirage argentique, 15.5 x 10.5 cm, Collection particulière 29
31 Figure 34 : Martial Caillebotte, Geneviève Caillebotte en Chinoise sur un balcon, Tirage argentique, 8.5 x 6.3 cm, Collection particulière Figure 35 : Gustave C. (1880). Boulevard des Italiens, [huile sur toile], Collection particulière 54 x 65 cm 30
32 Figure 36 : Martial Caillebotte, Vue prise du balcon de l avenue de l Opéra (paveurs), cote 15-2, Tirage photographique réalisé à partir d un négatif au gélatinobromure d argent, 11.5 X 15.5 cm, Collection particulière Figure 37 : Caillebotte. G. (1880). Un Refuge, boulevard Haussmann, [Oil on painting], 81 x 101 cm, Collection particulière Figure 38 : Matial Caillebotte, Rue Auber et rue Scribe , Tirage photographique réalisé à partir d une négative au gélatinobromure d argent 11.5 x 15.5 cm, Collection particulière 31
33 Figure 39 : Martial Caillebotte, Rond-point, vue du balcon du 9, rue Scribe, Tirage photographique, 11 x 15.5 cm, Collection particulière Figure 40 : Caillebotte. C. (around ). La Caserne de la Pepiniere, [Oil on Painting], Collection particulière, 54 x 65cm Figure 41 : Martial Caillebotte, Rue Scribe, number 9, cote 7-10, Février 1892, Tirage argentique, 15.5 x 11 cm, Collection particulière 32
34 Figure 42 : Caillebotte. C. ( ). Paysage a voie de chemin de fer, [Oil on Painting], 81 x 116 cm, Collection particulière Figure 43 : Caillebotte. G. (1876). The Pont de l Europe, [Oil on Canvas], Musée du Petit Palais, Genova, x cm Figure 44 Martial Caillebotte, Femme et petite fille regardant passer un train, Tirage argentique, 22 x 17 cm, Collection particulière 33
35 Figure 45 : Manet. Edouard. (1873). Le Chemin de fer, [oil on painting], National Gallery of Art, Washington, 93.3 x cm Figure 46 : Martial Caillebotte, Villeneuve St Georges vu de pont, cote 15-12, Tirage argentique, 11.5 x 15.5cm, Collection particulière 34
36 Chapter 3 : Figure 1 : Caillebotte. C. (1875), Jeune Homme à la Fenêtre, Private Collection, [Oil on Canvas], 117 x 82 cm Figure 2 : Caillebotte. C. (1880) Homme au Balcon, Boulevard Haussmann, Private Collection, Switzerland, [Oil on canvas], 117 x 90 cm 35
37 Figure 3 : Caillebotte. C. (1878). Périssoires, [Oil on canvas], Musée des Beaux Arts, Rennes, 135 x 108 cm Figure 4 : Monet. C. (1872). Effet d Automne à Argenteuil, [Oil on canvas], The Courtauld Institute of Art, London, 74.5 x 55 cm Figure 5 : Monet. C. (c. 1875). Peupliers près d Argenteuil, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, USA, 54.5 x 65.5 cm 36
38 Figure 6 : Monet. C. (1875). Un Coin d Appartement, Musée d Orsay, Paris, 81.5 X 60.5 cm Figure 7 : Caillebotte. C. (c.1880). Marine, Régates à Villers, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, New York, 75 x 101 cm 37
39 Figure 8 : Caillebotte. C. (1888). La Plaine de Gennevilliers, [Oil on painting], place : unknown Figure 9 : Claude Monet, Cap Martin, 66 x 81, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1884 Figure 10 : Caillebotte. C. (1877/78). Partie de bateau also known as Canotier en chapeau haut de forme, (Oil on Canvas), Private collection, 90 x 117 cm 38
40 Figure 11 : Decorative Triptych Pêche à la ligne. (1878). [Oil on canvas], Private collection, 137 x 123 cm Baigneurs. (1878). [Oil on canvas], Private collection, 157 x 117 cm Périssoires. (1878). [Oil on canvas], Musée des Beaux Arts, Rennes, 135 x 108 cm Figure 12 : Caillebotte. G. (1884). Champs Jaune et rose, also known as Les Champs, plaine de Gennevilliers, étude en jaune et rose, [Oil on Canvas], Private Collection, Paris, 54 x 65cm Figure 13: Gustave Caillebotte, Landscape Study in Yellow and Rose, also known as Yellow and Pink Field, and Fields on the Gennevilliers Plain, Study in Yellow and Pink, Oil on Canvas, (59 x 81cm), Private Collection,
41 Figure 14 : Monet. C. (1873). Coquelicots, [Oil on painting], Musée d Orsay, Paris, 50 x 65 cm Figure 15 Monet. C. (1886). Champs de Tulipes en Hollande, [Oil on painting], Muée d Orsay, Paris, 65.5 x 85.5 cm Figure 16 : Caillebotte. G. (c. 1883). Le Pont d Argenteuil, [Oil on Canvas], Josefowitz collection65 x 82 cm 40
42 Figure 17 : Monet. C. (1874). Le Pont de chemin de fer, Argenteuil, [Oil on Canvas], Neue Pinakothek, Munich, 58 x 60 cm Figure 18 : Claude Monet, Meule, Soleil Couchant, 1891, Private Collection Figure 19 : Claude Monet, Les Meules, effet de gelée, Oil on canvas, Hill-Stead Museum, Farmington,
43 Figure 20 : Coucher de Soleil, 1 er effet Figure 21 : Coucher de Soleil, 2 ème effet Figure 22 : Coucher de Soleil, 3 ème effet 42
44 Figure 23 : Coucher de Soleil, 4 ème effet 43
45 Figure 24 : Coucher de Soleil, 5 ème effet Figure 25 : Coucher de Soleil, 6 ème effet Figure 26 : Gustave Caillebotte, 1878, La Rue Halévy, vue d un balcon (fig.26), 1878 and Rue Halévy, vue d un sixième étage, also known as La Rue Halévy, vue du sixième étage, Oil on Canvas, Private Collection, Dallas, 60 x 73 cm 44
46 Figure 27 : Gustave Caillebotte, 1878, La Rue Halévy, vue d un balcon, Oil on Canvas, Private Collection, 60 x 73 cm Figure 28 : Gustave Caillebotte, Study of Paving Stones, Oil on Canvas, (32 x 40 cm, Private Collection, 1877 Figure 29 : Jan Lauchmann, Pavement, Prague, (27.4 x 27.2 cm), Gelatin silver print,
47 Figure 30 : Architectural and Perspectival Study for Rue de Paris ; temps de pluie, Pencil, 48 x 31 cm Figure 31 : Gustave Caillebotte, The Yerres, Rain, (L Yerres, effet de pluie), Oil on canvas, (81 x 39 cm), Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington,
48 Figure 32 : Claude Monet, La Gare Saint- Lazare, 75 x 104cm, Huile sur toile, Paris, Musée d Orsay, 1877 Figure 33 : Cologne, Arrivée de l Express, Film Lumière, [3 Mai 1896], [8 Mai1896] 47
49 Chapter 4 : Figure 1 : Caillebotte, G. (1875). Jeune Homme à la Fenêtre, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 117 x 82 cm Figure 2 : Caillebotte. C. (1880). Intérieur, also known as Intérieur, femme à la fenêtre, [oil on canvas], Private Collection, 116 x 89 cm 48
50 Figure 3 : Signac. Paul. ( ). Un Dimanche, Paris, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 150 x 150 cm Figure 4 : Friedrich. Gaspar David. (1822). Woman at the Window, [Oil on canvas], Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin, 44 x 37 cm 49
51 Figure 5 : Caillebotte. C. (1880) Homme au Balcon, Boulevard Haussmann, Private Collection, Switzerland, [Oil on canvas], 117 x 90 cm Figure 6 : Perspective Study of Streets, Graphite and charcoal on buff paper, 30 x 46, Private collection,
52 Figure 7 : Study of a Couple Seen from the Front under an Umbrella, Squared for Transfer, Grafite one tracing paper, 30.8 x 23.5 cm, Private Collection, 1877 Figure 8 : Study of a Couple seen from the Front under an Umbrella, 47 x 30.9 cm, Private Collection,
53 Figure 9 : Study of a Couple under an Umbrella, Oil on Canvas, 46 x 32 cm, Private Collection, 1877 Figure 10 : Study of a Man under an Umbrella Facing Right, with compositional Study for Oarsman, both Squared for Transfer, Graphite on tracing paper, Private Collection,
54 Figure 11 : Caillebotte, Study of a Man under an Umbrella Facing Right, with Compositional Study for Oarsmen, both Squared for Transfer, Graphite on tracing paper, 30.7 x 27.5 cm, Priave Collection, 1877 Figure 12 : Study of a Man under an Umbrella Facing Right, Conte crayon and graphite on grey-blue laid paper, 48.5 cm x 31.5 cm, Private Collection,
55 Figure 13 : Study of Two Men under Umbrellas Waling Past Each Other, (1877), Graphite and charcoal on cream paper, 46.1 x 30 cm, Private Collection Figure 14 : Two Studies of a Woman under an Umbrella: One from the Back, the Other in Profile Facing Left, graphite on buff laid paper, 47.9 x 30.9 cm,
56 Figure 15 : Caillebotte. G. (1877). Peintres en Bâtiment, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 87 x 116 cm, close-up view on the woman in the background Figure 16 : Gustave Caillebotte, Study for House- Painters, Private Collection,
57 Figure 17 : Manet. Edouard, Un Bar aux Folies Bergère, [Oil on canvas], Courtauld Institute of Art, 96 x 130 cm Figure 18 : Gustave Caillebotte. (1880). Dans un Café, [Oil on Canvas], 153 x 114 cm, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Rouen. Study of viewpoints and gaze of the figure 56
58 Figure 19 : Diagram of Dans un Café, study of viewpoints and the complex arrangement of the scene. Figure 20: Rue de Paris; temps de pluie, closeup view on the house-painter with the ladder and comparison with similar figures in Peintres en bâtiment and Pont de l Europe 57
59 Figure 21 : Peintres en bâtiment, close up on the man in beige and comparison with similar figures in Pont de l Europe and Rue de Paris; temps de pluie Figure 22 : Pont de l Europe, close up of the leaning figure, comparison with similar figures in Pont de l Europe and Rue de Paris; temps de pluie 58
60 Figure 23 : Caillebotte. G. (1876). Portraits à la campagne, [Oil on canvas], Musée Baron Gérard, Bayeux, 98.3 x 110 cm Figure 24 : Bazille. F. (1867). Réunion en Famille, also known as Portrait de Famille, [Oil on painting], Grand Palais, Musée d Orsay, 152 x 230 cm Figure 25 : Courbet. Gustave. (1849). Une aprèsdinée à Ornans, [Oil on canvas], Palais des Beaux-arts, Lille, 195 x 257 cm 59
61 Figure 26 : Caillebotte. G. (1876). Déjeuner, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 52 x 75 cm Figure 27 : Caillebotte. G. (1879). Portrait de Jules Richemont, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, (100 x 81 cm) 60
62 Figure 28 : Caillebotte. G. (1883). Portrait d Henry Cordier, [Oil on canvas], Musée d Orsay, Paris, 65 x 82 cm Figure 29 : Caillebotte. C. (1885). Portrait d homme écrivant dans son bureau, [Oil on canvas], Josefowitz Collection, 65 x 82 cm 61
63 Figure 30 : Chardin. Jean-Baptiste-Siméon. (Salon of 1853). Un Philosophe occupé à sa lecture, Paris, Louvre Figure 31 : Caillebotte. G. (1884). Homme au Bain, [Oil on canvas], Josefowitz Collection, 166 x 125 cm 62
64 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND PAINTINGS Chapter 1: Figure 1: Caillebotte, G. (1877). Rue de Paris; temps de pluie, (Street of Paris; Rainy Day), [Oil on Canvas], Held at the Art Institute of Chicago x cm. Study of two-points perspective, p 1 Figure 2 : Caillebotte, G. (1876). Le Pont de l Europe, [Oil on Canvas], Held at Musée du Petit Palais, Geneva x cm. Study of one-point perspective, p 1 Figure 3 : Gustave Caillebotte, Rue de Paris; temps de pluie. Study of proportions, p 2 Figure 4 : Piero Della Francesca. (c ). Flagellation of Christ, [Oil on tempera on panel], Held at Galleria Nazionale delle Marche, Urbino x 81.5 cm. Studies of proportions, p 2 Figure 5: Gustave Caillebotte, Rue de Paris ; temps de pluie. Study of proportions and comparison with Piero Della Francesca, p 2 Figure 6: Plan of Paris 1868, p 3 Figure 7 : Plan of Quartier de l Opéra, 1868, p 3 Figure 8: Plan of Paris with the Second Empire transformations, (darker lines) underlined by Charles Merruau and approved by Napoléon III. Photograph taken from Van Zanten Building Paris 1994, p 3 Figure 9: Plan of Paris with proposed streets marked accompanying the Traité of 1858 (dated in pen, 1854). Illustrated from Van Zanten Building Paris 1994, p 4 Figure 10 : Caillebotte, G. (c.1880). Le Boulevard des Italiens, [Oil on canvas], Private collection. 54 x 65 cm, p 4 Figure 11 : Caillebotte, G. ( ). La Caserne de la Pépinière, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection. 54 x 65 cm, p 4 Figure 12 : Caillebotte, G. ( ). La Place Saint-Augustin, [Oil on Canva], Private Collection. 54 x 65 cm, p 5 Figure 13: Monet, C. ( ). Boulevard des Capucines, [Oil on canvas], Held at Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri, 80.3 x 60.3 cm, p 5 Figure 14: A.O. Champagne. (1889). The Colonnade of the Louvre from Rue de Rivoli, Albumen print, Collection of George Eastman House, Rochester, New York, 20.3 x 55.5 cm, p 6 63
65 Figure 15: Caillebotte, G. (1875). Raboteurs de parquets, [Oil on canvas], Held at the Musée d Orsay, Paris, 102 x 146cm, p 6 Figure 16: Gustave Caillebotte, Floor-Scrapers (Sketch), (Raboteurs de Parquet, esquisse), Private Collection, [Oil on canvas], 26 x 39 cm, 1875, p 6 Figure 17 : Caillebotte, G. (1875). Raboteurs de Parquets (esquisse), [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 26 x 39 cm, p 7 Figure 18: Photographs taken by J. Kirk Varnedoe showing the idea of movement: left: racloir and file, middle: working with the racloir, right: sharpening the blade of the raloir (as written in Varnedoe s book), p 7 Figure 19: Chardin, J.S. (c.1764). Still Life with a White Mug, [Oil on canvas], Held at National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C, overall: 33.1 x 41.2 cm, framed: 52.1 x 60 x 6 cm, p 8 Figure 20: Caillebotte, G. (1876). Raboteurs de Parquet (variante), [Oil on canvas], Private collection, 80 x 100 cm, p 8 Figure 21 : Gustave Caillebotte, Floor-Scrapers (Roboteurs de parquet), Muséed Orsay, Paris, [Oil on Canvas], 102 x 146 cm, 1875, p 8 Gustave Caillebotte, Floor-Scrapers (Variant), Raboteurs de Parquet (variante), Private Collection, [Oil on canvas], 80 x 100 cm, 1876, p 8 Figure 22: Caillebotte, Study of a Man under an Umbrella in Profile and Facing Left, with the Silhouette of Another Man under an Umbrella in the Right Background. Graphite and Conté crayon on buff laid paper, 46.3 x 29.7 cm, 1877, p 9 Figure 23: Caillebotte. G. (1877). Peintres en Bâtiment, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 87 x 116 cm, p 9 Figure 24: Caillebotte, Study for House-Painters, Graphite; dimension unknown, p 10 Figure 25 : a) Caillebotte. G. (1877). Peintres en Bâtiment, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 87 x 116 cm, circled the woman in the background, p 10 b) Caillebotte. G. (1877). Peintres en Bâtiment, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 87 x 116 cm, close-up view on the woman in the background, p 10 Figure 26: Caillebotte, Two Studies of a Woman under an Umbrella; one for the Back, the Other in Profile Facing Left, 47.9 x 30.9 cm, Graphite on buff laid paper, 1877, p11 Figure 27: Caillebotte, Study of a Woman with a Small Umbrella, Seen from the Back, 47 x 31.7 cm, Graphite and charcoal on gray-blue paper, 1877, p 11 Figure 28: Caillebotte, Study of a Woman with a Large Umbrella Seen from the Back, Graphite on cream paper, 47 x 31.7 cm, 1877, p 12 64
66 Figure 29: Caillebotte. G. (1876). The Pont de l Europe, [Oil on Canvas], Musée du Petit Palais, Genova, x cm, p 12 Figure 30: Gustave Caillebotte, The House-Painters, Oil on canvas, 87 x 116 cm, Private Collection, 1877, p 13 Figure 31: Gustave Caillebotte, Pont de l Europe, 1876, Study of perspectives, p 13 Figure 32: Gustave Caillebotte, Sketch for Pont de l Europe, Oil on Canvas, 32 x 45 cm. Musee des Beaux-Arts, Rennes, 1876, p 14 Figure 33 : Caillebotte. G. (1994), The Pont de l Europe (Study), [Oil on Canvas], Private Collection, 55.5 x 45.7 cm, p 14 Figure 34 : Gustave Caillebotte, Study for The Pont de l Europe, Oil on Canvas, 32 x 45 cm, Musee des Beaux-Arts, Rennes, 1876, p 15 Figure 35: Gustave Caillebotte, Pont de l Europe (Variant), Oil on Cnavas, 105 x 131 cm, Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, 1876/77 or c.1880, p 15 Chapter 2: Figure 1: Photo by J. Kirk T. Varnedoe, View from the corner window at 77, rue de Miromesnil, 55 mm. lens. Taken from: Kirk T. Varnedoe and Suzanne Boorsch, Gustave Caillebotte: A Retrospective Exhibition, p 62 P 16 Figure 2: Photo by J. Kirk T. Varnedoe, View from the corner window at 77, rue de Miromesnil, 28 mm. lens. Taken from: Taken from: Kirk T. Varnedoe and Suzanne Boorsch, Gustave Caillebotte: A Retrospective Exhibition, p 62 P 16 Figure 3: Caillebotte, G. (1875). Jeune Homme à la Fenêtre, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 117 x 82 cm, p17 Figure 4 : Caillebotte. G. (1876). The Pont de l Europe, [Oil on Canvas], Musee du Petit Palais, Genova, x cm, p 17 Figure 5: Photo by J. Kirk T. Varnedoe, View up the rue de Vienne toward the Place de l Europe, 55mm. lens. Taken from: Kirk T. Varnedoe and Suzanne Boorsch, Gustave Caillebotte: A Retrospective Exhibition, p 62 P 17 65
67 Figure 6: Photo by J. Kirk T. Varnedoe, View up the rue de Vienne, looking towars the Place de l Europe, 24mm. lens. Taken from: Kirk T. Varnedoe and Suzanne Boorsch, Gustave Caillebotte: A Retrospective Exhibition, p 62 P 18 Figure 7: Caillebotte, G. (1877). Rue de Paris; temps de pluie, (Street of Paris; Rainy Day), [Oil on Canvas], Held at the Art Institute of Chicago x cm. p 18 Figure 8: Photo by J. Kirk T. Varnedoe, View from the rue de Turin, looking toward the rue de Moscou, 55 mm lens. Taken from: Kirk T. Varnedoe and Suzanne Boorsch, Gustave Caillebotte: A Retrospective Exhibition, p 62 P 18 Figure 9: Photo by J. Kirk T. Varnedoe, View from the rue de Turin, looking toward the rue de Moscou, 55 mm lens. Taken from: Kirk T. Varnedoe and Suzanne Boorsch, Gustave Caillebotte: A Retrospective Exhibition, p 62 P 19 Figure 10: Caillebotte, Study of a Man under an Umbrella Facing Right, with Compositional Study for Oarsmen, both Squared for Transfer, Graphite on tracing paper, 30.7 x 27.5 cm, Priave Collection, 1877, p 19 Figure 11: Standing Man in Top Hat With Left Hand in Pocket, Riased Cane in Right Hand: Study for Portrait de Paul Hugot, 1877, p20 Figure 12: Drawing for Paul Hugot, 1878, Pencil on tracing paper, 24.7 x 30.7cm. (whole sheet). Private collection, France. p 20 Figure 13: Monet. C. ( ). Boulevard des Capucines, [Oil on canvas], Nelson-Atkins Museums of Art, Kansas City. Missouri, 80.3 x 60.3 cm, p 21 Figure 14: Adolphe Baun, The Pont des Arts. Detail from panoramic photograph of Paris. Collection Société française de Photographie, Paris, 1867, p 21 Figure 15: Caillebotte. G. (1878). Vue de toits, effet de neige, also known as toit sous la neige, Paris, [Oil on canvas], Musée d Orsay, Paris, 64 x 82 cm, p 22 Figure 16: Caillebotte. M. (year unknown). L entrée du Bd Malherbes. Effet de Neige, location unknown, p 22 Figure 17 : Caillebotte. M. (Février 1892). Le Trocadéro, Tirage argentique, Collection particulière, 10.5 x 15.5 cm, p 22 Figure 18 : Caillebotte. M. (Février 1892). La Tour Eiffel, Tirage argentique, Collection particulière, 15.5 x 11 cm, p23 66
68 Figure 19 : Gustave Caillebotte, Study for Le Pont de l Europe, L Homme au Chapeau Haut de Forme, [Oil on Canvas], 54.5 x 38 cm. Private Collection. Houston. 1876, p 23 Figure 20 : Caillebotte. M. (Février 1892). Gustave Caillebotte et Berengère sur la place du Caroussel, Tirage Argentique, Collection particulière, 15 x 11 cm, p 24 Figure 21: Detail of The Pont de l Europe showing the male figure on the left with the reversed overlaid computer tracing drawing of Caillebotte s Study for The Pont de l Europe, man wearing a top hat, turned to the left. As stated from Karin Sagner s caption. Taken from: Karin Sagner, An Impressionist and Photography, Gustave Caillebotte, (Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt, Hirmer), p 96, (illustration p 24) Figure 22: Janu-faced drawing and (picture on the top right corner with overlays of computer tracings of both profiles. P 25 Figure 23: Caillebotte. G. (1880). Intérieur, also known as Intérieur, femme à la fenêtre, [Oil on canvas], cm, Private Collection, 116 cm x 89 cm, p 25 Figure 24 : Caillebotte. M. (year unknown), Marie Caillebotte chez elle, 9, rue Scribe, Tirage argentique, Collection particulière, 11 x 16 cm, p 26 Figure 25: Caillebotte. M. (year unknown). Maurice Minoret chez Martial Caillebotte, 9, rue Scribe, Tirage argentique, Collection particulière, 12 x 16.5 cm, p 26 Figure 26: John Verge. John Frederick Goddard, British Photographer. ca Albumen print by Werge from a copy negative of his own daguerreotype. Collection Beaumont Newhall, Santa Fe. P 26 Figure 27: Martial. M. (vers ). Marie Caillebotte, Georges, Amélie, Marie et Camille Minoret, 13, avenue e l Opéra chez Camille Minoret, Tirage argentique, Collection particulière, 12 x 15.5 cm, p 27 Figure 28: Caillebotte. G. (1877). Peintres en Bâtiment, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 87 x 116 cm, circled the woman in the background, p27 Figure 29: Martial Caillebotte, La Descente d un Réverbère (Pont de la Concorde), cote 1-8, Décembre 1891, Tirage argentique, 14.5 x 10.5cm, Collection particulière, p 27 Figure 30 : Martial Caillebotte, Ouvriers travaillant aux réparations sur l arc de triomphe, cote 5-5, Fevrier 1892, Tirage argentique, 15.5 x 11 cm, Collection particulière, p28 Figure 31 : Caillebotte. C. (c.1880). Homme au Balcon, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, Paris, 116 x 90 cm, p28 Figure 32 : Martial Caillebotte, Moi au Balcon, cote 1-2, Décembre 1891, Tirage argentique, 15.5 x 10.5 cm, Collection particulière, p29 67
69 Figure 33 : Martial Caillebotte, Marie au Balcon, cote 1-1, Décembre 1891, Tirage argentique, 15.5 x 10.5 cm, Collection particulière, p29 Figure 34 : Martial Caillebotte, Geneviève Caillebotte en Chinoise sur un balcon, Tirage argentique, 8.5 x 6.3 cm, Collection particulière, p30 Figure 35 : Gustave C. (1880). Boulevard des Italiens, [huile sur toile], Collection particulière 54 x 65 cm, p30 Figure 36 : Martial Caillebotte, Vue prise du balcon de l avenue de l Opéra (paveurs), cote 15-2, Tirage photographique réalisé à partir d un négatif au gélatinobromure d argent, 11.5 X 15.5 cm, Collection particulier, p31 Figure 37 : Caillebotte. G. (1880). Un Refuge, boulevard Haussmann, [Oil on painting], 81 x 101 cm, Collection particulière, p31 Figure 38 : Matial Caillebotte, Rue Auber et rue Scribe , Tirage photographique réalisé à partir d une négative au gélatinobromure d argent 11.5 x 15.5 cm, Collection particulière, p 31 Figure 39 : Martial Caillebotte, Rond-point, vue du balcon du 9, rue Scribe, Tirage photographique, 11 x 15.5 cm, Collection particulière, p 32 Figure 40 : Caillebotte. C. (around ). La Caserne de la Pépinière, [Oil on Painting], Collection particulière, 54 x 65cm, p32 Figure 41 : Martial Caillebotte, Rue Scribe, number 9, cote 7-10, Février 1892, Tirage argentique, 15.5 x 11 cm, Collection particulière, p32 Figure 42 : Caillebotte. C. ( ). Paysage a voie de chemin de fer, [Oil on Painting], 81 x 116 cm, Collection particulière, p 33 Figure 43 : Caillebotte. G. (1876). The Pont de l Europe, [Oil on Canvas], Musée du Petit Palais, Genova, x cm, p 33 Figure 44 : Martial Caillebotte, Femme et petite fille regardant passer un train, Tirage argentique, 22 x 17 cm, Collection particulière, p33 Figure 45: Manet. Edouard. (1873). Le Chemin de fer, [oil on painting], National Gallery of Art, Washington, 93.3 x cm, p 34 Figure 46: Martial Caillebotte, Villeneuve St Georges vu de pont, cote 15-12, Tirage argentique, 11.5 x 15.5cm, Collection particulière, p 34 68
70 Chapter 3 : Figure 1 : Caillebotte. C. (1875), Jeune Homme à la Fenêtre, Private Collection, [Oil on Canvas], 117 x 82 cm, p 35 Figure 2 : Caillebotte. C. (1880) Homme au Balcon, Boulevard Haussmann, Private Collection, Switzerland, [Oil on canvas], 117 x 90 cm, p 35 Figure 3 : Caillebotte. C. (1878). Périssoires, [Oil on canvas], Musée des Beaux Arts, Rennes, 135 x 108 cm, p 36 Figure 4 : Monet. C. (1872). Effet d Automne à Argenteuil, [Oil on canvas], The Courtauld Institute of Art, London, 74.5 x 55 cm, p36 Figure 5 : Monet. C. (c. 1875). Peupliers près d Argenteuil, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, USA, 54.5 x 65.5 cm, p 36 Figure 6 : Monet. C. (1875). Un Coin d Appartement, Musee d Orsay, Paris, 81.5 X 60.5 cm, p 37 Figure 7 : Caillebotte. C. (c.1880). Marine, Régates à Villers, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, New York, 75 x 101 cm, p37 Figure 8 : Caillebotte. C. (1888). La Plaine de Gennevillier, [Oil on painting], place : unknown, p 38 Figure 9 : Claude Monet, Cap Martin, 66 x 81, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1884, p 38 Figure 10: Caillebotte. C. (1877/78). Partie de bateau also known as Canotier en chapeau haut de forme, (Oil on Canvas), Private collection, 90 x 117 cm, p 38 Figure 11 : Decorative Triptych Pêche à la ligne. (1878). [Oil on canvas], Private collection, 137 x 123 cm Baigneurs. (1878). [Oil on canvas], Private collection, 157 x 117 cm Périssoires. (1878). [Oil on canvas], Musée des Beaux Arts, Rennes, 135 x 108 cm, p 39 Figure 12 : Caillebotte. G. (1884). Champs Jaune et rose, also known as Les Champs, plaine de Gennevilliers, étude en jaune et rose, [Oil on Canvas], Private Collection, Paris, 54 x 65cm, p 39 Figure 13 : Gustave Caillebotte, Landscape Study in Yellow and Rose, also known as Yellow and Pink Field, and Fields on the Gennevilliers Plain, Study in Yellow and Pink, Oil on Canvas, (59 x 81cm), Private Collection, 1884, p 39 Figure 14: Monet. C. (1873). Coquelicots, [Oil on painting], Musée d Orsay, Paris, 50 x 65 cm, p 40 69
71 Figure 15: Monet. C. (1886). Champs de Tulipes en Hollande, [Oil on painting], Muée d Orsay, Paris, 65.5 x 85.5 cm, p 40 Figure 16 : Caillebotte. G. (c. 1883). Le Pont d Argenteuil, [Oil on Canvas], Josefowitz collection 65 x 82 cm, p 40 Figure 17 : Monet. C. (1874). Le Pont de chemin de fer, Argenteuil, [Oil on Canvas], Neue Pinakothek, Munich, 58 x 60 cm, p 41 Figure 18 : Claude Monet, Meule, Soleil Couchant, 1891, Private Collection, p 41 Figure 19 : Claude Monet, Les Meules, effet de gelé, Oil on canvas, Hill-Stead Museum, Farmington, 1889, p 41 Figure 20 : Coucher de Soleil, 1 er effet, p 42 Figure 21 : Coucher de Soleil, 2 ème effet, p 42 Figure 22 : Coucher de Soleil, 3 ème effet, p 42 Figure 23 : Coucher de Soleil, 4 ème effet, p 43 Figure 24 : Coucher de Soleil, 5 ème effet, p 44 Figure 25 : Coucher de Soleil, 6 ème effet, p 44 Figure 26 : Gustave Caillebotte, 1878, La Rue Halévy, vue d un balcon (fig.26), 1878 and Rue Halévy, vue d un sixième étage, also known as La Rue Halévy, vue du sixième étage, Oil on Canvas, Private Collection, Dallas, 60 x 73 cm, p 44 Figure 27 : Gustave Caillebotte, 1878, La Rue Halévy, vue d un balcon, Oil on Canvas, Private Collection, 60 x 73 cm, p 45 Figure 28: Gustave Caillebotte, Study of Paving Stones, Oil on Canvas, (32 x 40 cm, Private Collection, 1877, p 45 Figure 29: Jan Lauchmann, Pavement, Prague, (27.4 x 27.2 cm), Gelatin silver print, 1931, p 45 Figure 30: Architectural and Perspectival Study for Rue de Paris ; temps de pluie, Pencil, 48 x 31 cm, p 46 Figure 31: Gustave Caillebotte, The Yerres, Rain, (L Yerres, effet de pluie), Oil on canvas, (81 x 39 cm), Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, 1875, p 46 Figure 32 : Claude Monet, La Gare Saint-Lazare, 75 x 104cm, Huile sur toile, Paris, Musée d Orsay, 1877, p 47 Figure 33 : Cologne, Arrivée de l Express, Film Lumière, [3 Mai 1896], [8 Mai1896], p 47 70
72 Chapter 4 : Figure 1 : Caillebotte, G. (1875). Jeune Homme à la Fenêtre, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 117 x 82 cm, p 48 Figure 2 : Caillebotte. C. (1880). Intérieur, also known as Intérieur, femme à la fenêtre, [oil on canvas], Private Collection, 116 x 89 cm, p 48 Figure 3 : Signac. Paul. ( ). Un Dimanche, Paris, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 150 x 150 cm, p 49 Figure 4: Friedrich. Gaspar David. (1822). Woman at the Window, [Oil on canvas], Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin, 44 x 37 cm, p 49 Figure 5: Caillebotte. C. (1880) Homme au Balcon, Boulevard Haussmann, Private Collection, Switzerland, [Oil on canvas], 117 x 90 cm, p 50 Figure 6: Perspective Study of Streets, Graphite and charcoal on buff paper, 30 x 46, Private collection, 1877, p 50 Figure 7: Study of a Couple Seen from the Front under an Umbrella, Squared for Transfer, Grafite one tracing paper, 30.8 x 23.5 cm, Private Collection, 1877, p 51 Figure 8: Study of a Couple seen from the Front under an Umbrella, 47 x 30.9 cm, Private Collection, 1877, p 52 Figure 9: Study of a Couple under an Umbrella, Oil on Canvas, 46 x 32 cm, Private Collection, 1877, p 52 Figure 10, Study of a Man under an Umbrella Facing Right, with compositional Study for Oarsman, both squared for Transfer, Graphite on tracing paper, Private Collection, 1877, p 52 Figure 11: Caillebotte, Study of a Man under an Umbrella Facing Right, with Compositional Study for Oarsmen, both Squared for Transfer, Graphite on tracing paper, 30.7 x 27.5 cm, Priave Collection, 1877, p 53 Figure 12: Study of a Man under an Umbrella Facing Right, Conte crayon and graphite on grey-blue laid paper, 48.5 cm x 31.5 cm, Private Collection, 1877, p 53 Figure 13: Study of Two Men under Umbrellas Waling Past Each Other, (1877), Graphite and charcoal on cream paper, 46.1 x 30 cm, Private Collection, p 54 Figure 14: Two Studies of a Woman under an Umbrella: One from the Back, the Other in Profile Facing Left, graphite on buff laid paper, 47.9 x 30.9 cm, 1877, p 54 Figure: 15: Caillebotte. G. (1877). Peintres en Bâtiment, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 87 x 116 cm, close-up view on the woman in the background, p 55 71
73 Figure 16: Gustave Caillebotte, Study for House-Painters, Private Collection, 1877, p 55 Figure 17: Manet. Edouard, Un Bar aux Folies Bergère, [Oil on canvas], Courtauld Institute of Art, 96 x 130 cm, p 56 Figure 18: Gustave Caillebotte. (1880). Dans un Café, [Oil on Canvas], 153 x 114 cm, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Rouen. Study of viewpoints and gaze of the figure, p 57 Figure 19: Diagram of Dans un Café, study of viewpoints and the complex arrangement of the scene. P 57 Figure 20: Rue de Paris; temps de pluie, close-up view on the house-painter with the ladder and comparison with similar figures in Peintres en bâtiment and Pont de l Europe, p 57 Figure 21: Peintres en bâtiment, close up on the man in beige and comparison with similar figures in Pont de l Europe and Rue de Paris; temps de pluie, p 58 Figure 22: Pont de l Europe, close up of the leaning figure, comparison with similar figures in Pont de l Europe and Rue de Paris; temps de pluie, p 58 Figure 23: Caillebotte. G. (1876). Portraits à la campagne, [Oil on canvas], Musée Baron Gérard, Bayeux, 98.3 x 110 cm, p 59 Figure 24 : Bazille. F. (1867). Réunion en Famille, also known as Portrait de Famille, [Oil on painting], Grand Palais, Musée d Orsay, 152 x 230 cm, p 59 Figure 25 : Courbet. Gustave. (1849). Une après-dinée à Ornans, [Oil on canvas], Palais des Beaux-arts, Lille, 195 x 257 cm, p 59 Figure 26 : Caillebotte. G. (1876). Déjeuner, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, 52 x 75 cm, p 60 Figure 27 : Caillebotte. G. (1879). Portrait de Jules Richemont, [Oil on canvas], Private Collection, (100 x 81 cm), p 60 Figure 28 : Caillebotte. G. (1883). Portrait d Henry Cordier, [Oil on canvas], Musée d Orsay, Paris, 65 x 82 cm, p 61 Figure 29 : Caillebotte. C. (1885). Portrait d homme écrivant dans son bureau, [Oil on canvas], Josefowitz Collection, 65 x 82 cm, p 61 Figure 30 : Chardin. Jean-Baptiste-Siméon. (Salon of 1853). Un Philosophe occupé à sa lecture, Paris, Louvre, p 62 Figure 31 : Caillebotte. G. (1884). Homme au Bain, [Oil on canvas], Josefowitz Collection, 166 x 125 cm, p 62 72
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