July 27-28, 2009 Taipei, Taiwan. Kathleen O Brien. Civil Aviation System Modernization Symposium Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B)

Transcription

1 Civil Aviation System Modernization Symposium Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) July 27-28, 2009 Taipei, Taiwan Kathleen O Brien Associate Technical Fellow Avionics Air Traffic Management Boeing Commercial Airplanes BOEING is a trademark of Boeing Management Company. Copyright 2009 Boeing. All rights reserved. ROI: JCD: 2663

2 Introduction Topics ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance ADS-B Around the World ADS-B Equipage Next Steps to Implement ADS-B 2

3 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance 3

4 What Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) Is SWIM Technology for Air Traffic Management ADS-B is a new surveillance technology that along with other technology will modernize the air transportation system ATM Automation Communication Today Facility Level Integration Voice Datalink Integrated, Automated Air Traffic Plan and Management Tools Voice IP Datalink System Wide information Management Future Required Total System Performance Navigation RNAV/RNP RVSM GBAS SBAS Surveillance Primary and Secondary RADAR ADS-B Out for Ground Surveillance (Air-to-Ground) Emerging Applications for ADS-B In for Airborne Surveillance (Air-to-Air) 4

5 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance How Automatic Dependent Surveillance B Works Navigation satellites send precise timing information allowing airborne receivers to determine aircraft position and velocity ADS-B Out Transmitter Global Navigation Satellite System Aircraft with ADS-B Out broadcasts precise position, velocity to ground and airborne receivers via a datalink ADS-B In ADS-B In ADS-B receivers get accurate real-time aviation traffic information in air and on ground: everyone sees the same thing ADS-B ADS-B works at low altitudes on ground so that it can monitor traffic on airports ADS-B effective in remote areas where there is no radar. 5

6 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance What Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast Means ADS-B Out Transmitter Global Navigation Satellite System Aircraft position is dependent on on-board navigation equipment Position, velocity and other airplane information is surveillance data transmitted Information is automatically periodically transmitted with no pilot or operator input requiredads-b In Surveillance data is broadcast to everyone within range with an ADS-B receiver ADS-B In ADS-B 6

7 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance What Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) Out Means Global Navigation Satellite System ADS-B In ADS-B Out Transmitter ADS-B In ADS-B Out Aircraft sends data out via a digital datalink to ground stations or aircraft equipped with ADS-B receivers ADS-B 7

8 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance What Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) In Means ADS-B Out Transmitter Global Navigation Satellite System ADS-B In Aircraft receive data in via a digital ADS-B In datalink from aircraft equipped with ADS-B transmitters ADS-B In ADS-B 8

9 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance Benefits of Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast Global Navigation Satellite System ADS-B In ADS-B Out Transmitter Safety ADS-B In Efficiency ADS-B Capacity 9

10 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance Benefits of Automatic Dependent Surveillance: Safety Global Navigation Satellite System Vastly improved situational awareness Precise position & velocity is broadcast Real-time data is broadcast All users see same data Air and ground traffic visible Traffic monitoring in Non-radar airspace Runway incursion awareness Cockpit Display of Traffic Information Air Traffic Control Display 10

11 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance Benefits of Automatic Dependent Surveillance: Efficiency Aircraft can fly closer together Fuel can be reduced Implementation is rapid and low cost ADS-B can be scaled and adapted Reduced costs per passenger Cost: $1 million - $4 million Cost: $100,000 - $400,000 Maintenance Power Site space Building Road Environmental Rotating machinery 11

12 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance Benefits of Automatic Dependent Surveillance: Capacity More aircraft fly safely at same time Significant increase in Non-radar airspace route density More efficient use of runways for takeoffs and landings 12

13 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance Airborne Components for ADS-B Out: What an Aircraft Needs to Transmit a Signal Out Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS /Antenna ATC Transponder/Antenna 13

14 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance Airborne Components for ADS-B In: What an Aircraft Needs to Receive a Signal In From an ADS-B Equipped Aircraft and See Display Global Navigation Satellite System ATC Transponder/Antenna or ACAS/TCAS/Antenna Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) 14

15 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance Ground Components Required for ADS-B: Operational Procedure Updates Required Global Navigation Satellite System Antenna Ground automation required Antenna ADS-B Air Air Traffic Traffic Communication Communication Network Network 15

16 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance ADS-B Ground Applications and Benefits for Ground Control Terminal Area Separation Global Navigation Satellite System 5 or 3 nm En-route Separation in Nonradar Areas 5 or 3 nm Enroute Separation in Radar Areas Airport Surface Surveillance ADS-B 16

17 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance ADS-B Airborne Applications and Benefits for Aircraft Airborne Traffic Situational Awareness On airport surface En route On approach ADS-B 17

18 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance ADS-B Airborne Applications and Benefits for Aircraft Airport Surface Surveillance Airborne Traffic Situational Awareness On airport surface En route On approach Situational Awareness ADS-B 18

19 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance ADS-B Airborne Applications and Benefits for Aircraft Airborne Spacing Applications Enhanced sequencing and merging In-Trail procedure in remote airspace Enhanced crossing and passing ADS-B 19

20 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance ADS-B Airborne Applications and Benefits for Aircraft Sequencing and Merging Airborne Spacing Applications Enhanced sequencing and merging In-Trail procedure in remote airspace Enhanced crossing and passing In-Trail Procedures ADS-B 20

21 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance ADS-B Airborne Applications and Benefits for Aircraft Delegated En-route Separation Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) ADS-B 21

22 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance Where ADS-B Fits into Domains of Flight Described in the Boeing Airspace Operational Design Conflict Detection Enhanced Visual Acquisition In Trail Procedures Reduced Separation Enhance Sequencing and Merging Enhanced Crossing and Passing Operations Continuous Descent Approaches and Tailored Arrivals Final Approach Runway Occupancy Awareness (FAROA) Enhanced Visual Separation on Approach Enhanced Situational Awareness on Airport Surface Enhanced Situational Awareness on Airport Surface Surface and Departure En Route Domestic Climb and Cruise Oceanic and Remote En Route Transitional to Arrival Arrival and Surface Terminal En Route Oceanic En Route Terminal Flow Management coordinates across all domains 22

23 ADS-B Technology for Ground and Airborne Surveillance What Automatic Dependent Surveillance Addressed (ADS-A) Means Global Navigation Surveillance data Satellite System addressed point to point to only the ground recipients that have a contract to receive the data. ADS-B In ADS-B Out Transmitter ADS-B In ADS-B ADS-A 23

24 ADS-B Around the World: Status and Standards 24

25 ADS-B Around the World: Status and Standards Current ADS-B Operations Worldwide US Capstone Project AK, ND, AZ, FL ADS-B NRA + ATSAW US Mandate ADS-B Out 2020? Pacific OceanITP ATSA-ITP FAA GATI Canada NRA Mandate Nov NRA2010 SF21/UPS Various North European ADS-B- NRA/ARPT AS ITP applications Atlantic Ocean ATSA ITP FAA GATI Colored squares are areas most actively planning and deploying ADS-B services. China ADS-B NRA NRA CASCADE/ + Ground-based Japan SESAR Applications Research and Certs 2008 Development ITP Mandate 2015 ITP Asia/Pacific ICAO ADS-B Implementation Task Force NRA Australia ADS-B Out Rule 2007 Mandate

26 ADS-B Around the World: Status and Standards United States: FAA Commitment and Activities ADS-B is a major building block of NextGen Alaska Alaska Views ADS-B as key to creating a transformational Civil Aviation Air Transportation System, moving away from radar toward air- and spacebased surveillance Authorized $1.8 billion to deploy ADS- B, ADS-R, TIS-B and FIS-B infrastructure by October 2013 Conducted capstone ADS-B project in Alaska Gulf of Mexico Extending ADS-B to Gulf of Mexico (Non-radar airspace) 26

27 ADS-B Around the World United States: Federal Aviation Administration Mandate April 2010 Ground infrastructure in place ? FAA publishes an ADS-B Out rule Mandate will be for 100% equipage of ADS-B Out BCA engaged with FAA to provide equipage and business case considerations Major areas of interest for Boeing include: Dual frequency strategy Stringent performance levels applied to entire air transportation system Promoting use of existing equipage for Non-radar and radar airspace before mandate for full performance. 27

28 ADS-B Around the World: Status and Standards Australia Installed 28 sets of ground equipment providing high altitude coverage Existing equipage being certified for use in Non-radar airspace and radar upper airspace (voluntary) Instrumental in forming APANPIRG ADS-B Implementation Task Force Ground surveillance trial at Bundaberg complete Low altitude program delayed Mandate of ADS-B Out equipage in Jun

29 ADS-B Around the World: Status and Standards Europe: Upcoming ADS-B Out Mandate Potential mandate for production aircraft Proposed Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ENRPM) activity October 2008 through February 2009 It is likely that the date will change to later in the final rulemaking Mandate for all aircraft (full retrofit) for entry into airspace 29

30 ADS-B Around the World: Status and Standards CASCADE ADS-B Out - Validation Status BCA Participation in CASCADE Gained agreement from FAA for Boeing airplanes to comply with AMC Have updated applicable Airplane Flight Manuals (AFMs) to reflect compliance with AMC CASCADE airlines allowed to use current ADS-B Out equipage in Non-radar airspace 30

31 ADS-B Around the World: Status and Standards Canada Airspace segregation FL350 to FL400 inclusive in Hudson and Minto Sectors Later ADS-B implementation in other remote areas where there is no radar coverage today November 2008 August Mid 2009 Mid-2009 Nov 2010 Tactical use of surveillance separation within coverage volume AIC to be issued stating this plan and the requirements for tactical surveillance Transport Canada approval required Enter the correct ICAO Flight ID from field 7 on the flight plan Include ADSB in field 18 of the filed ICAO flight plan January 2009: preferential routing for eligible aircraft AIC- Aeronautical Information Circular 31

32 ADS-B Equipage 32

33 Boeing Production Status ADS-B Equipage Mode S ADS-B Out ADS-B In Interrogated data Broadcast data Mode A /C Mode S Elementary Mode S Enhanced Mode S Extended Squitter ADS-B/CDTI Applications Altitude Code AC Addr Interrogated data Flight ID Selected Alt. TAS Mach No. IAS Mag. Hdg. GS Roll Angle VS Track Angle Track Angle Rate Position Velocity Flt ID Surface Surveillance In Trail Procedures Sequencing & Merging Etc. (Package 1) Production Configuration Production Configuration (AFM Limitation) Not yet in production. 33

34 ADS-B Equipage AFM Update Status All Boeing airplanes with CASCADE Configuration part numbers have their AFMs updated Free of Charge Production All Boeing airplane models will have their AFMs updated per FAA letter: 737-NG, , 767, and will enter service with updated AFM Retrofit All Boeing airplane models with CASCADE Configuration part numbers that have Extended Squitter activated will have updated AFM wording, per FAA letter: 737NG, , 757, 767, and

35 Flight Operations Perspective It is desirable ADS-B Equipage for Runway Incursion applications to have a growth path to ADS-B In applications High equipage rates are required to achieve benefit for ADS-B In applications Forward Field of View displays are the preferred implementation. Other display options must be considered to achieve necessary equipage rates 35

36 ADS-B Equipage Forward Fit is Important, but More is Needed Significant ADS-B In equipage levels are required to achieve benefits. Integrated Forward Field of View (FFOV) displays are preferred. Yet even if ALL airplanes coming off the production line were ADS-B In equipped with integrated FFOV displays, the results would be: 40,000 35,000 30,000 25% 46% 63% 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, Cumulative a/c added (equipped) In-service (unequipped) 36

37 ADS-B Equipage Integrated FFOV Display Upgrades are Complex and Expensive Estimated Per Airplane Cost for Integrated Forward Field of View Displays Upgrade (Year 2018) Retiring 13% No Solution 25% High Cost 23% (more than USD $1 million) Medium Cost 39% (more than USD $400,000) 37

38 ADS-B Equipage A Spectrum of Services Electronic Flight Bag Offerings Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Key Features COTS-Specs provided Power Outlet SB Power Bus ARINC 429 Network File Server TWLU ACARS Printer Power Bus ARINC 429 Network File Server TWLU ACARS Printer Avionics-Grade H/W Highly Integrated Airplane Models All Production: 737NG Retrofit: 737NG, 747*, 757*, 767*, MD-xx* Production: 777, 787, 737NG, Retrofit: 777, 737NG, 747, 757, 767, MD-xx* *offerability subject to market demand *offerability subject to market demand 38

39 Next Steps to Implement ADS-B 39

40 Next Steps to Implement ADS-B Challenges for ADS-B Implementation International Interoperability: A single ADS-B link for traffic surveillance of all airplanes is optimal. Existing ADS-B Out Equipment has limited potential for operational use, beyond Non-radar airspace applications. Top Surveillance Issues Surveillance standards need revision and extension. Surveillance enhancements must be driven by comprehensive operational benefits. A transition strategy for surveillance is needed. 40

41 Next Steps to Implement ADS-B ADS-B Implementation Challenges Identifying future operational needs. Determining surveillance requirements and deciding whether they can be met with ADS-B. Establishing ADS-B performance standards. Developing optimum architecture. Establishing ADS-B procedures. Developing roadmap, transition strategy and plan including operational incentives and mandates. 41

42 Next Steps to Implement ADS-B Challenges for ADS-B Implementation notable event ATSP decision Equipage World Europe US ADS-B Out Rule Released Final SPI-IR Released ADS-B Out ADS-B Out Hudson Bay NRA Mandate (AMC 20-24) CASCADE Pioneer Project (NRA) Could be later in 2010 DO-260B MOPS Complete DO-260B Available In Production ADS-B Infrastructure (NAS) Complete ADS-B Out Mandate For All Airspace (Forward & Retrofit) ADS-B In Mandate? ADS-B In (Forward Fit and/or Retrofit) ADS-B Out Mandate (Forward/Retrofit) Removal Of Legacy Ground Surveillance ADS-B Out Forward Fit Mandate Australia Upper Airspace Mandate (Transponder) DO-260B Available In Retrofit ADS-B In Mandate? (Forward Fit and/or Retrofit) ADS-B Out Mandate For All Airspace ADS-B Out ADS-B In Elementary/Enhanced Surveillance (ELS/EHS) Compliant with AMC Pre-ELS/EHS (Not compliant with AMC 20-24) Displays (Production & Retrofit? Australia (GPS ) Forward-fit Mandate ADS-B In Requirements Not Defined DO-260B Retrofit Available? ADS-B Out Mandate for All Airspace ADS-B In DO-260C (Version 3) Transponder (Adv ADS-B In/Out Apps) DO-260B (Version 2) Transponder (Globally Compliant ADS-B Out) SA-Aware GPS (NIC7/NACp8) SA-On GPS (NIC6/NACp7/NUC5) May 8, 2009 Forward Field of View Displays (Production & Retrofit) Side Field of View Displays (Production & Retrofit) ADS-B In App Std s Separation ASPA- Interval Management (IM) (formerly Sequencing & Merging) Situational Awareness ATSA- Enhanced Traffic Situational Awareness on the Surface (SURF) SPI ATSA- Enhanced Traffic Situational Awareness In Flight (AIRB) SPI ATSA-Visual Separation on Approach (VSA) SPI ATSA-In Trail Procedure (ITP) SPI Spacing SPI Safety, Performance & Interoperability Requirements Document ATSA Airborne Traffic Situational Awareness ASPA Airborne Spacing Application

43 Next Steps to Implement ADS-B Challenges for ADS-B Implementation notable event ATSP decision Equipage World Europe US ADS-B Out Rule Released Final SPI-IR Released ADS-B Out ADS-B Out Hudson Bay NRA Mandate (AMC 20-24) CASCADE Pioneer Project (NRA) Could be later in 2010 DO-260B MOPS Complete DO-260B Available In Production ADS-B Infrastructure (NAS) Complete ADS-B Out Mandate For All Airspace (Forward & Retrofit) ADS-B In Mandate? ADS-B In (Forward Fit and/or Retrofit) ADS-B Out Mandate (Forward/Retrofit) Removal Of Legacy Ground Surveillance ADS-B Out Forward Fit Mandate Australia Upper Airspace Mandate (Transponder) DO-260B Available In Retrofit ADS-B In Mandate? (Forward Fit and/or Retrofit) ADS-B Out Mandate For All Airspace ADS-B Out ADS-B In Elementary/Enhanced Surveillance (ELS/EHS) Compliant with AMC Pre-ELS/EHS (Not compliant with AMC 20-24) Displays (Production & Retrofit? Australia (GPS ) Forward-fit Mandate ADS-B In Requirements Not Defined DO-260B Retrofit Available? ADS-B Out Mandate for All Airspace ADS-B In DO-260C (Version 3) Transponder (Adv ADS-B In/Out Apps) DO-260B (Version 2) Transponder (Globally Compliant ADS-B Out) SA-Aware GPS (NIC7/NACp8) SA-On GPS (NIC6/NACp7/NUC5) May 8, 2009 Forward Field of View Displays (Production & Retrofit) Side Field of View Displays (Production & Retrofit) ADS-B In App Std s Separation ASPA- Interval Management (IM) (formerly Sequencing & Merging) Situational Awareness ATSA- Enhanced Traffic Situational Awareness on the Surface (SURF) SPI ATSA- Enhanced Traffic Situational Awareness In Flight (AIRB) SPI ATSA-Visual Separation on Approach (VSA) SPI ATSA-In Trail Procedure (ITP) SPI Spacing SPI Safety, Performance & Interoperability Requirements Document ATSA Airborne Traffic Situational Awareness ASPA Airborne Spacing Application

44 Next Steps to Implement ADS-B What is Being Done Now to Implement ADS-B Education about ADS-B ICAO international agreement Cooperation worldwide Boeing will meet ADS-B Out mandates Maximize the value of equipage solutions, while recognizing that retrofit equipage upgrades are complex and expensive Boeing is performing forward fit studies to ensure requirements compliant cost-effective architectures with growth capability Boeing is looking for retrofit display solutions, including Class 2 and Class 3 EFBs FAA Others ICAO RTCA Boeing Eurocontrol NavCanada Airservices EUROCAE Australia 44

45 Next Steps to Implement ADS-B Boeing Position on ADS-B Supporting ADS-B Out. We will meet ADS-B Out mandates. Supporting ADS-B In. We must maximize the value of equipage solutions, while recognizing that retrofit equipage upgrades are complex and expensive. Completed EUROCONTROL CASCADE ADS-B Project. Coordinating with other ANSPs (Canada, Australia, China, US) to ensure common airborne requirements for Non-radar application using current equipage. Actively supporting DO-260B installation. Targeting Situational Awareness and Separation ADS-B In Applications in the near term. Working aggressively to find retrofit equipage solutions. Engaging with airlines and industry partners on rulemaking around the world. Continuing industry standards support. 45

46 Next Steps to Implement ADS-B Air Transportation System Roadmap Airplane Population Manual ATC Intervention, Control by Radar & Navaid ,000 Growing Fleet of Highly Capable Aircraft 37% Of Today s Fleet Will Still Be Operating 20 Years From Now Pre-Defined Performance Based Airspace New Airplanes for Growth Replacement Airplanes Retained Fleet 36,000 29,000 7,000 Dynamic Performance Based Airspace Airspace Design Constant Descent Paths from Top of Descent RNP ADS-B Air to Ground RNP Path Options GLS Low RNP Missed Approach Paths xls ILS Low RNP Departure Paths Key Capabilities ATM Automation ATS Communication Navigation Surveillance Time-Based TFM CATMT Enhanced TFM Arrivals Time-Based RNP/RNAV Arrivals Virtual Tower Conflict Detection Conflict Res. TRACON Autom. Improved Conflict Resolution Voice Polar Satcom SWIM VoIP ATS Integrated Datalink Non-Integrated Integrated Datalink Future Comm Capability (FANS 1/A) Datalink ATN ATN (FANS 2) AOC ACARS Broadband IP RNAV Enroute GLS Early GLS Galileo/GPS III RNP SAAAR CAT I 4D Nav CAT III Expanded Use of RNP based Broad Use of RNAV Dep/Arr at 4D Nav Expanded Use RNP at Opt. Separation 4D Navigation Major Airports of RNP Major Airports Rnwy Exit Prim. / Sec. Radar ADS-B ADS-C Out ATC Surv. Multilateration Airborne CDTI SA Airborne Spacing ACAS/ADS-B Integration AMM RAAS ASSA/FAROA/Alerting ADS-B In Separation 4D Trajectory-Based Air-Ground Integration Future Datalink Surveillance 46 R8

47 Closing Key Learning Points ADS-B is a surveillance technology How ADS-B Out and ADS-B In work ADS-B increases safety, capacity, and efficiency and reduces environmental impact ADS-B Out primarily provides benefits for ground surveillance ADS-B In primarily provides benefits for operators ADS-B is gaining momentum in key regions around the world ADS-B is a key element of future air traffic management improvements 47