ERACOBAL INJECTION ( Methylcobalamin 500mcg. )

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "ERACOBAL INJECTION ( Methylcobalamin 500mcg. )"

Transcription

1 ERACOBAL INJECTION ( Methylcobalamin 500mcg. ) DESCRIPTION : Methylcobalamin is a cobalamin (MeB12) used in peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy etc. It is a form of vitamin B12. This vitamer is one of two active coenzymes used by B-12 dependent enzymes in the body, and is specifically the B-12 form used by 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR), also known as methionine synthase. Methylcobalamin is notable for being one of the few examples in nature of a bona fide organometallic bond. It is used in treating diseases of vitamin B12 deficiency (such as pernicious anemia), or diseases of effective B12 deficiency, such as vitamin B12 metabolic pathway pathologies. One study suggests that once absorbed, methylcobalamin may be retained in the body better than cyanocobalamin. Methylcobalamin is the more bio-available of the two, meaning that methylcobalamin is immedietly ready for the body to use once injected. Methylcobalamin cannot be made by plants or by animals; the only type of organisms that have the enzymes required for the synthesis of methylcobalamin are bacteria and archaea. Higher plants do not concentrate methylcobalamin from the soil, making them a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissue. CHEMISTRY : Methylcobalamin is a water-soluble, organometallic compound with a trivalent cobalt ion bound inside a corrin ring which, although similar to the porphyrin ring found in heme, chlorophyll, and cytochrome, has two of the pyrrole rings directly bonded. The central metal ion is Co (cobalt). Methylcobalamin occurs as dark red crystals or crystalline powder. It is sparingly soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, and practically insoluble in acetonitrile. It is affected by light. Chemical name of Methylcobalami is Coα- [α-(5,6-dimethylbenz-1h-imidazolyl)]-coβmethylcobamide. It contains not less than 98.0% of C63H91CoN13O14P, calculated on the anhydrous basis. Formula weight is g./mol. STRUCTURAL FORMULA OF METHYLCOBALAMIN MECHANISM OF ACTION : Pharmacodynamics Vitamin B12 is used in the body in two forms, methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin. The enzyme methionine synthase needs methylcobalamin as a cofactor. This enzyme is involved in the conversion of the amino acid homocysteine into methionine which is, in turn, required for DNA methylation. The other form, 5- deoxyadenosylcobalamin, is a cofactor needed by the enzyme that converts L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-

2 CoA. This conversion is an important step in the extraction of energy from proteins and fats. Furthermore, succinyl CoA is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, the substance that carries oxygen in red blood cells. Vitamin B12, or methylcobalamin, is essential to growth, cell reproduction, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis. Cells characterized by rapid division (epithelial cells, bone marrow, myeloid cells) appear to have the greatest requirement for methylcobalamin. Vitamin B12 can be converted to coenzyme B12 in tissues; in this form it is essential for conversion of methylmalonate to succinate and synthesis of methionine from homocysteine (a reaction which also requires folate). In the absence of coenzyme B12, tetrahydrofolate cannot be regenerated from its inactive storage form, 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate, resulting in functional folate deficiency. Vitamin B12 also may be involved in maintaining sulfhydryl (SH) groups in the reduced form required by many SH-activated enzyme systems. Through these reactions, vitamin B12 is associated with fat and carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis. Vitamin B12 deficiency results in megaloblastic anemia, GI lesions, and neurologic damage (which begins with an inability to produce myelin and is followed by gradual degeneration of the axon and nerve head). Vitamin B12 requires an intrinsic factor-mediated active transport for absorption, therefore, lack of or inhibition of intrinsic factor results in pernicious anemia. Pharmacokinetics : Mecobalamin is the neurologically active form of vitamin B12 and occurs as a water-soluble vitamin in the body. It is readily absorbed in distal half of the ileum. Once absorbed, vitamin B12 is highly bound to transcobalamin II, a specific B-globulin carrier protein and is distributed and stored primarily in the liver as coenzyme B12. The bone marrow also stores a significant amount of the absorbed vitamin B12. This vitamin crosses the placenta and is distributed into breast milk. Enterohepatic recirculation conserves systemic stores. The half-life is about 6 days (400 days in the liver). Elimination is primarily through the bile. It is a cofactor in the enzyme methionine synthase, which functions to transfer methyl groups for the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine. In anaemia, it increases erythrocyte production by promoting nucleic acid synthesis in the bone marrow and by promoting maturation and division of erythrocytes. Absorption : Peak plasma concentrations after 3 hr (oral); 0.9 hr (IM); 3 min (IV). Excretion : Excess methylcobalamin is excreted unchanged in the urine. BENEFITS AND USAGE Methylcobalamin is indicated for the treatment of pernicious anemia (due to lack of or inhibition of intrinsic factor) and for prevention and treatment of Vitamin B12 deficiency. It helps the body use fats and carbohydrates for energy, assists it in making new proteins, and is also important for the production of normal cells, nerves, blood, and DNA. Methylcobalamine (MeCbl) may provide better treatments for nervous disorders through effective systemic or local delivery. As an auxiliary agent, MeCbl has been always used to treat many diseases, such as Alzheimer s disease syndromes. In addition, MeCbl improved nerve conduction in either patient of diabetic neuropathy or streptozotocin-diabetic rats and experimental acrylamide neuropathy. MeCbl also improved visual function, rheumatoid arthritis, Bell s palsy, and sleep-wake rhythm disorder. Other usage Methylcobalamin is the only active form of B12 found within the Central Nervous System (CNS). Benefits of Methylcobalamin supplementation include: Assists in the reduction of elevated Homocysteine. Elevated Homocysteine has been linked to increased cardiovascular risk of disease. Proven beneficial for symptoms of depression (i.e., supporting the production of serotonin and melatonin), acts as a methyl donor and participates in the synthesis of SAM-e (S-adenosylmethionine), a nutrient that has powerful mood elevating properties. Supports Immune system regulation. Repair of damaged myelin sheath acts to reverse nerve damage and promote nerve cell regeneration. Increased metabolic function. Supports healthy red blood cells and is used to treat Anemia. Protects against neurological disease and aging. Improvement of mental dysfunction in the elderly. Supportive treatment in HIV.

3 The Analgesic Effect of MeCbl MeCbl is one active form of vitamin B12 which can directly participate in homocysteine metabolism. More and more researches showed that MeCbl has beneficial effects on clinical and experimental peripheral neuropathy. Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Clinical symptoms in legs, such as paresthesia, burning pains, and spontaneous pain, were ameliorated by MeCbl. Clinical evidence proved that MeCbl had the capacity to inhibit the neuropathic pain associated with diabetic neuropathy. Low Back Pain The causes of low back pain are extensive, cancer, infection, inflammatory disorders, structural disorders of the spine itself, and disk herniation, are somewhat more common, and together account for back pain. Now a days MeCbl is becoming a decent choice for the therapy to the chronic low back pain. Neurogenic claudication distance was improved significantly after the application of MeCbl. However Waikakul s research demonstrated that MeCbl was not good for pain on lumbar spinal stenosis. Further studies are needed to determine the effect of MeCbl on low back pain. CONTRAINDICATION AND PRECAUTION : Patients with early hereditary optic nerve atrophy, cyanocobalmin hypersensitivity. Patients who has kidney disease; Leber's disease; megaloblastic anemia. Having unusual or allergic reaction to methylcobalamin, cobalt, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives. Peoples who are pregnant or trying to get pregnant and breast-feeding. Methylcobalamin is contraindicated in patients with methylcobalamin hypersensitivity or hypersensitivity to any of the medication components. Methylcobalamin is also contraindicated in patients with cobalt hypersensitivity because methylcobalamin contains cobalt. In the case of suspected cobalt hypersensitivity, an intradermal test dose should be administered because anaphylactic shock and death have followed parenteral administration of methylcobalamin. Eracobal Injection contain benzyl alcohol as a preservative. Benzyl alcohol may cause allergic reactions. Methylcobalamin injections should be used cautiously in those patients with benzyl alcohol hypersensitivity. Methylcobalamin, vitamin B12 preparations containing benzyl alcohol should be avoided in premature neonates because benzyl alcohol has been associated with 'gasping syndrome,' a potentially fatal condition characterized by metabolic acidosis and CNS, respiratory, circulatory, and renal dysfunction. Certain conditions may blunt or impede therapeutic response to methylcobalamin therapy. These include serious infection, uremia or renal failure, drugs with bone marrow suppression properties (e.g., chloramphenicol), or concurrent undiagnosed folic acid or iron deficiency anemia. The mechanism appears to be interference with erythropoiesis. Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and concurrent renal or hepatic disease may require increased doses or more frequent administration of methylcobalamin. Clinical reports have not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients. Generally, dose selection for elderly patients should be done with caution. Elderly patients tend to have a greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and also have concomitant disease or receiving other drug therapy. Start with doses at the lower end of the dosing range. INTERECTION Several drugs, including para-aminosalicylic acid, have been reported to reduce the absorption of methylcobalamin, vitamin B12. Monitor for the desired therapeutic response to vitamin B12.

4 The heavy consumption of ethanol for greater than 2 weeks has been reported to reduce the absorption of Methylcobalamin, vitamin B12. Patients should be aware that heavy, chronic ethanol use may counteract the therapeutic effects of vitamin B12; such patients with regular and chronic ethanol consumption be monitored for the desired therapeutic response to vitamin B12. Several drugs, including colchicine, have been reported to reduce the absorption of methylcobalamin, vitamin B12. Colchicine has been shown to induce reversible mal-absorption of vitamin B12, apparently by altering the function of ideal mucosa. Although further study of these interactions is necessary, patients receiving these agents concurrently should be monitored for the desired therapeutic response to vitamin B12. From a study it has established that omeprazole, in doses of 20 mg 40 mg per day, caused a significant decrease in the oral absorption of methylcobalamin, vitamin B12. Theoretically this interaction is possible with other proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), although specific clinical data are lacking. Patients receiving long-term therapy with omeprazole or other proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) should be monitored for signs of B12deficiency. Chloramphenicol can antagonize the hematopoietic response to Methylcobalamin, vitamin B12 through interference with erythrocyte maturation. Chloramphenicol is known to cause bone marrow suppression, especially when serum concentrations exceed 25mcg/ml. Chloramphenicol should be discontinued if anemia attributable to chloramphenicol is noted during periodic blood studies, which should be done approximately every 2 days during chloramphenicol receipt. Aplastic anemia and hypoplastic anemia are known to occur after chloramphenicol administration. Peripherally, pancytopenia is most often observed, but only 1-2 of the major cell types (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets) may be depressed in some cases. Metformin may result in suboptimal oral vitamin B12 absorption by competitively blocking the calciumdependent binding of the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 complex to its receptor. The interaction very rarely results in a pernicious anemia that appears reversible with discontinuation of metformin or with Methylcobalamin, vitamin B12 supplementation. Certain individuals may be predisposed to this interaction. Regular measurement of hematologic parameters is recommended in all patients on chronic metformin treatment; abnormalities should be investigated. Medications know to cause bone marrow suppression (e.g., myelosuppressive antineoplastic agents) may result in a blunted or impeded response to methylcobalamin, vitamin B12 therapy. Antineoplastics that are anti-metabolites for the vitamin may induce inadequate utilization of vitamin B12. However, cancer patients usually benefit from vitamin B12 supplementation. The use of methotrexate may additionally invalidate diagnostic assays for folic acid and vitamin B12; however, this is a diagnostic laboratory test interference and not a drug interaction. The intranasal forms of methylcobalamin, vitamin B12, should be administered at least 1 hour before or 1 hour after ingestion of hot food or liquids. Hot foods may cause nasal secretions and a resulting loss of medication or medication efficacy. Interactions between foods and oral or injectable forms of methylcobalamin are not expected. Depressed levels of methylcobalamin, vitamin B12, and abnormal Schilling's test have been reported in patients receiving octreotide. The use of antiinfective agents or pyrimethamine may invalidate diagnostic assays for folic acid and vitamin B12; however, these are diagnostic laboratory test interferences and not true drug interactions. ADVERSE REACTION AND SIDE EFFECTS In most cases, methylcobalamin is nontoxic, even in large doses. Adverse reactions reported following methylcobalamin administration include headache, infection, nausea/vomiting, paresthesias, and rhinitis. Adverse reactions following intramuscular (IM) injection have included anxiety, mild transient diarrhea, ataxia, nervousness, pruritus, transitory exanthema, and a feeling of swelling of the entire body. Some patients have also experienced a hypersensitivity reaction following intramuscular injection that has resulted in anaphylactic shock and death. In cases of suspected cobalt hypersensitivity, an intradermal test dose should be administered.

5 During the initial treatment period with methylcobalamin, pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure have reportedly occurred early in treatment with parenteral methylcobalamin. This is believed to result from the increased blood volume induced by methylcobalamin. Peripheral vascular thrombosis has also occurred. In post-marketing experience, angioedema and angioedema-like reactions were reported with parenteral methylcobalamin. Hypokalemia and thrombocytosis could occur upon conversion of severe megaloblastic anemia to normal erythropoiesis with methylcobalamin therapy. Therefore, monitoring of the platelet count and serum potassium concentrations are recommended during therapy. Polycythemia vera has also been reported with parenteral methylcobalamin. Consult immediately to health care provider if patient experiencing any signs of an allergic reaction: skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue, blue tint to skin, chest tightness, pain, difficulty breathing, wheezing, dizziness, red, swollen painful area on the leg. DOSAGE : Parenteral : Peripheral neuropathies Adult: 500 mcg daily IM/IV 3 times/wk. Megaloblastic anaemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency Adult: 500 mcg daily IM/IV 3 times/wk. Maintenance dose: After about 2 mth of therapy, reduce dose to single admin of 500 mcg every 1-3 mth. STORAGE Storage: Store in a dry place at room temperature. Keep container tightly closed and protected from light. Handle with great care since the substances is hygroscopic.

45813E/Revised: April 2008 CYANOCOBALAMIN INJECTION, USP

45813E/Revised: April 2008 CYANOCOBALAMIN INJECTION, USP 45813E/Revised: April 2008 CYANOCOBALAMIN INJECTION, USP DESCRIPTION: Cyanocobalamin Injection, USP is a sterile solution of cyanocobalamin for intramuscular or subcutaneous use. Each ml contains 1000

More information

DESCRIPTION CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. Nascobal (Cyanocobalamin, USP) Nasal Spray 500 mcg/spray 0.125 ml Rx only

DESCRIPTION CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. Nascobal (Cyanocobalamin, USP) Nasal Spray 500 mcg/spray 0.125 ml Rx only Nascobal (Cyanocobalamin, USP) Nasal Spray 500 mcg/spray 0.125 ml Rx only DESCRIPTION Cyanocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B 12 with equivalent vitamin B 12 activity. The chemical name is 5,6-dimethyl-benzimidazolyl

More information

B12 & Cobalamin. Learning objectives

B12 & Cobalamin. Learning objectives Learning objectives B12 & Cobalamin Define vitamins Classify fat soluble and water soluble vitamins. Study chemical structure and biological active coenzyme form of vitamin B12. List the dietary sources

More information

Vitamin B12 1200 mcg Timed Release Tablets

Vitamin B12 1200 mcg Timed Release Tablets Vitamin B12 1200 mcg Timed Release Tablets Product Summary: Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is a water soluble vitamin necessary for energy production; for nervous system function as it is needed to produce

More information

Nursing 113. Pharmacology Principles

Nursing 113. Pharmacology Principles Nursing 113 Pharmacology Principles 1. The study of how drugs enter the body, reach the site of action, and are removed from the body is called a. pharmacotherapeutics b. pharmacology c. pharmacodynamics

More information

Calcium Folinate Ebewe Data Sheet

Calcium Folinate Ebewe Data Sheet NAME OF THE MEDICINE Calcium folinate injection Composition Active: Calcium folinate (equivalent to 10 mg folinic acid per ml) Inactive: Sodium chloride (7.7mg/mL), qs Water for Injections. Preservative

More information

PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER. VITAMINE B12 STEROP 1mg/1ml Solution for injection / oral solution. Cyanocobalamin

PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER. VITAMINE B12 STEROP 1mg/1ml Solution for injection / oral solution. Cyanocobalamin PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER VITAMINE B12 STEROP 1mg/1ml Solution for injection / oral solution Cyanocobalamin Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start using this medicine because

More information

Teriflunomide is the active metabolite of Leflunomide, a drug employed since 1994 for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Baselt, 2011).

Teriflunomide is the active metabolite of Leflunomide, a drug employed since 1994 for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Baselt, 2011). Page 1 of 10 ANALYTE NAME AND STRUCTURE TERIFLUNOMIDE Teriflunomide TRADE NAME Aubagio CATEGORY Antimetabolite TEST CODE PURPOSE Therapeutic Drug Monitoring GENERAL RELEVANCY BACKGROUND sclerosis. The

More information

Structures of Proteins. Primary structure - amino acid sequence

Structures of Proteins. Primary structure - amino acid sequence Structures of Proteins Primary structure - amino acid sequence Secondary structure chain of covalently linked amino acids folds into regularly repeating structures. Secondary structure is the result of

More information

Long Term Use of Antacid Medications Can Cause an Increased Risk for Osteoporosis and Much More

Long Term Use of Antacid Medications Can Cause an Increased Risk for Osteoporosis and Much More Long Term Use of Antacid Medications Can Cause an Increased Risk for Osteoporosis and Much More By: Jeremie Pederson D.C., C.S.C.S. Many people are concerned about the FDA news release dated May 25, 2010

More information

Methyl groups, like vitamins, are

Methyl groups, like vitamins, are Methyl groups are essential for the body to function properly and must be obtained from the diet The need for methyl groups increases under stress Chapter 11 Betaine a new B vitamin Methyl groups reduce

More information

Saskatchewan Drug Information Services College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, U of S T: (306)966-6340 F:(306)966-2286 www.usask.

Saskatchewan Drug Information Services College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, U of S T: (306)966-6340 F:(306)966-2286 www.usask. Saskatchewan Drug Information Services College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, U of S T: (306)966-6340 F:(306)966-2286 www.usask.ca/druginfo Volume 19, Issue No. 2 March-April, 2002 TO P.O. B 12 OR NOT TO P.O.

More information

See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION. Revised: 3/2016 FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS* WARNING: ADRENAL CRISIS IN THE SETTING OF SHOCK OR

See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION. Revised: 3/2016 FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS* WARNING: ADRENAL CRISIS IN THE SETTING OF SHOCK OR HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These highlights do not include all the information needed to use LYSODREN safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for LYSODREN. LYSODREN (mitotane)

More information

EFFIMET 1000 XR Metformin Hydrochloride extended release tablet

EFFIMET 1000 XR Metformin Hydrochloride extended release tablet BRAND NAME: Effimet XR. THERAPEUTIC CATEGORY: Anti-Diabetic PHARMACOLOGIC CLASS: Biguanides EFFIMET 1000 XR Metformin Hydrochloride extended release tablet COMPOSITION AND PRESENTATION Composition Each

More information

Liver Function Essay

Liver Function Essay Liver Function Essay Name: Quindoline Ntui Date: April 20, 2009 Professor: Dr. Danil Hammoudi Class: Anatomy and Physiology 2 Liver function The human body consist of many highly organize part working

More information

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS BY: SHAMSUL AZAHARI ZAINAL BADARI DEPARTMENT OF RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND CONSUMER STUDIES FACULTY OF HUMAN ECOLOGI UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS Include vitamin

More information

Vitamin B12 Methylcobalamin 1000 mcg Sublingual Tablets

Vitamin B12 Methylcobalamin 1000 mcg Sublingual Tablets Vitamin B12 Methylcobalamin 1000 mcg Sublingual Tablets Product Summary: Vitamin B12 absorption decreases with age, so adults 50 years and older may see considerable health benefits through supplementation

More information

PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET. CEFALEXIN 250 mg AND 500 mg CAPSULES CEFALEXIN

PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET. CEFALEXIN 250 mg AND 500 mg CAPSULES CEFALEXIN PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET CEFALEXIN 250 mg AND 500 mg CAPSULES CEFALEXIN Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start taking this medicine. - Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again.

More information

Absorption of Drugs. Transport of a drug from the GI tract

Absorption of Drugs. Transport of a drug from the GI tract Absorption of Drugs Absorption is the transfer of a drug from its site of administration to the bloodstream. The rate and efficiency of absorption depend on the route of administration. For IV delivery,

More information

Blood Transfusion. There are three types of blood cells: Red blood cells. White blood cells. Platelets.

Blood Transfusion. There are three types of blood cells: Red blood cells. White blood cells. Platelets. Blood Transfusion Introduction Blood transfusions can save lives. Every second, someone in the world needs a blood transfusion. Blood transfusions can replace the blood lost from a serious injury or surgery.

More information

VISTARIL (hydroxyzine pamoate) Capsules and Oral Suspension

VISTARIL (hydroxyzine pamoate) Capsules and Oral Suspension VISTARIL (hydroxyzine pamoate) Capsules and Oral Suspension DESCRIPTION Hydroxyzine pamoate is designated chemically as 1-(p-chlorobenzhydryl) 4- [2-(2-hydroxyethoxy) ethyl] diethylenediamine salt of 1,1

More information

MEDICATION GUIDE ACTOPLUS MET (ak-tō-plus-met) (pioglitazone hydrochloride and metformin hydrochloride) tablets

MEDICATION GUIDE ACTOPLUS MET (ak-tō-plus-met) (pioglitazone hydrochloride and metformin hydrochloride) tablets MEDICATION GUIDE (ak-tō-plus-met) (pioglitazone hydrochloride and metformin hydrochloride) tablets Read this Medication Guide carefully before you start taking and each time you get a refill. There may

More information

INITIATING ORAL AUBAGIO (teriflunomide) THERAPY

INITIATING ORAL AUBAGIO (teriflunomide) THERAPY FOR YOUR PATIENTS WITH RELAPSING FORMS OF MS INITIATING ORAL AUBAGIO (teriflunomide) THERAPY WARNING: HEPATOTOXICITY AND RISK OF TERATOGENICITY Severe liver injury including fatal liver failure has been

More information

MEDICATION GUIDE. PROCRIT (PRO KRIT) (epoetin alfa)

MEDICATION GUIDE. PROCRIT (PRO KRIT) (epoetin alfa) MEDICATION GUIDE PROCRIT (PROKRIT) (epoetin alfa) Read this Medication Guide: before you start PROCRIT. if you are told by your healthcare provider that there is new information about PROCRIT. if you are

More information

Human Normal Immunoglobulin Solution for Intravenous Infusion.

Human Normal Immunoglobulin Solution for Intravenous Infusion. CONSUMER MEDICINE INFORMATION (CMI) OCTAGAM Human Normal Immunoglobulin Solution for Intravenous Infusion. OCTAGAM is available in single use bottles of 20 ml, 50 ml, 100 ml and 200 ml. OCTAGAM contains

More information

Guidelines for the Investigation and Management of Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency

Guidelines for the Investigation and Management of Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency Hull and East Riding Prescribing Committee Guidelines for the Investigation and Management of Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency Developed by:, Hull & East Yorkshire Hospital NHS Trust Hull and East Riding

More information

Eastern Health MS Service. Tysabri Therapy. Information for People with MS and their Families

Eastern Health MS Service. Tysabri Therapy. Information for People with MS and their Families Eastern Health MS Service Tysabri Therapy Information for People with MS and their Families The Eastern Health MS Service has developed this information for you as a guide through what will happen to you

More information

Protein electrophoresis is used to categorize globulins into the following four categories:

Protein electrophoresis is used to categorize globulins into the following four categories: Globulin Globulin is one of the two types of serum proteins, the other being albumin. This generic term encompasses a heterogeneous series of families of proteins, with larger molecules and less soluble

More information

PARACETAMOL REXIDOL. 600 mg Tablet. Analgesic-Antipyretic. Paracetamol 600 mg

PARACETAMOL REXIDOL. 600 mg Tablet. Analgesic-Antipyretic. Paracetamol 600 mg (Insert Text) UL Consumer Health PARACETAMOL REXIDOL 600 mg Tablet Analgesic-Antipyretic FORMULATION Each tablet contains: Paracetamol 600 mg PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Rexidol is a round, yellow, flat, bevel-edged

More information

Thioctacid 600 T Solution for Injection contains 600 mg alpha-lipoic acid

Thioctacid 600 T Solution for Injection contains 600 mg alpha-lipoic acid Package Leaflet: Information for the User Thioctacid 600 T Solution for Injection contains 600 mg alpha-lipoic acid For use in adults Active substance: Alpha-lipoic acid, Trometamol salt (1:1) Read all

More information

Food Allergies and. Food allergies and the immune system. Food allergies and the immune system

Food Allergies and. Food allergies and the immune system. Food allergies and the immune system Food Allergies and Intolerances Food allergies and the immune system Food allergies and True allergies involve an adverse reaction/ response by the body s immune system to a usually harmless substance

More information

Micronutrient. Functio. Vitamin A

Micronutrient. Functio. Vitamin A EHPM Leaflet UK 25/4/00 14:50 Page 1 (1,1) Vitamin and mineral intake We cannot, however, afford to be complacent about our intake of vitamins and minerals. Poor diets with low quantities of fruit and

More information

MEDICATION GUIDE KOMBIGLYZE XR (kom-be-glyze X-R) (saxagliptin and metformin HCl extended-release) tablets

MEDICATION GUIDE KOMBIGLYZE XR (kom-be-glyze X-R) (saxagliptin and metformin HCl extended-release) tablets MEDICATION GUIDE KOMBIGLYZE XR (kom-be-glyze X-R) (saxagliptin and metformin HCl extended-release) tablets Read this Medication Guide carefully before you start taking KOMBIGLYZE XR and each time you get

More information

vitamin B12. Background on Vitamin B12

vitamin B12. Background on Vitamin B12 STAKE HOLDER PANEL FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Background and Fitness for Purpose Vitamin B12 Richard B. van Breemen, Ph.D. Gaithersburg, MD March 17, 2016 Background on Vitamin B12 Recognized as a fatal disease

More information

IMPORTANT DRUG WARNING Regarding Mycophenolate-Containing Products

IMPORTANT DRUG WARNING Regarding Mycophenolate-Containing Products Dear Healthcare Provider: Mycophenolate REMS (Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy) has been mandated by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) due to postmarketing reports showing that exposure to

More information

Vitamins & Minerals Associated with Metabolism & Blood Health

Vitamins & Minerals Associated with Metabolism & Blood Health Vitamins & Minerals Associated with Metabolism & Blood Health Metabolism B-complex vitamins are especially important for energy metabolism thiamin (B 1 ) folate riboflavin (B 2 ) vitamin B 12 niacin pantothenic

More information

Glutathione and Oxidative Stress - Part I

Glutathione and Oxidative Stress - Part I Glutathione and Oxidative Stress - Part I By: James L. Holly, MD Oxidative Stress refers to effects from endogenous (produced in the body) toxins (free radicals) produced in the body by normal metabolism

More information

PHOSPHATE-SANDOZ Tablets (High dose phosphate supplement)

PHOSPHATE-SANDOZ Tablets (High dose phosphate supplement) 1 PHOSPHATE-SANDOZ Tablets (High dose phosphate supplement) PHOSPHATE-SANDOZ PHOSPHATE-SANDOZ Tablets are a high dose phosphate supplement containing sodium phosphate monobasic. The CAS registry number

More information

Adams Memorial Hospital Decatur, Indiana EXPLANATION OF LABORATORY TESTS

Adams Memorial Hospital Decatur, Indiana EXPLANATION OF LABORATORY TESTS Adams Memorial Hospital Decatur, Indiana EXPLANATION OF LABORATORY TESTS Your health is important to us! The test descriptions listed below are for educational purposes only. Laboratory test interpretation

More information

MEDICATION GUIDE. These serious side effects are described below:

MEDICATION GUIDE. These serious side effects are described below: MEDICATION GUIDE LYRICA (LEER-i-kah) (pregabalin) Capsules and Oral Solution, CV Read this Medication Guide before you start taking LYRICA and each time you get a refill. There may be new information.

More information

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) What is Vitamin B12? Vitamin B12 (also known as Cobalamin due to its cobalt content) prevents pernicious anemia. This was discovered in 1926 by Drs. George. R. Minot and William.

More information

MEDICATION GUIDE mitoxantrone (mito-xan-trone) for injection concentrate

MEDICATION GUIDE mitoxantrone (mito-xan-trone) for injection concentrate MEDICATION GUIDE mitoxantrone (mito-xan-trone) for injection concentrate Read this Medication Guide before you start receiving mitoxantrone and each time you receive mitoxantrone. There may be new information.

More information

Dallas Neurosurgical and Spine Associates, P.A Patient Health History

Dallas Neurosurgical and Spine Associates, P.A Patient Health History Dallas Neurosurgical and Spine Associates, P.A Patient Health History DOB: Date: Reason for your visit (Chief complaint): Past Medical History Please check corresponding box if you have ever had any of

More information

DRUGS FOR GLUCOSE MANAGEMENT AND DIABETES

DRUGS FOR GLUCOSE MANAGEMENT AND DIABETES Page 1 DRUGS FOR GLUCOSE MANAGEMENT AND DIABETES Drugs to know are: Actrapid HM Humulin R, L, U Penmix SUNALI MEHTA The three principal hormones produced by the pancreas are: Insulin: nutrient metabolism:

More information

ZOVIRAX Cold Sore Cream

ZOVIRAX Cold Sore Cream Data Sheet ZOVIRAX Cold Sore Cream Aciclovir 5% w/w Presentation Topical cream Indications ZOVIRAX Cold Sore Cream is indicated for the treatment of Herpes simplex virus infections of the lips and face

More information

UBISTESIN 1:200,000 and UBISTESIN FORTE 1:100,000

UBISTESIN 1:200,000 and UBISTESIN FORTE 1:100,000 UBISTESIN 1:200,000 and UBISTESIN FORTE 1:100,000 Articaine hydrochloride and adrenaline hydrochloride Consumer Medicine Information WHAT IS IN THIS LEAFLET Please read this leaflet carefully before you

More information

Frequently Asked Questions: Ai-Detox

Frequently Asked Questions: Ai-Detox What is Ai-Detox? Frequently Asked Questions: Ai-Detox Ai-Detox is a Chinese herbal medicinal formula, produced using state of the art biotechnology, which ensures the utmost standards in quality and safety.

More information

Information for Clinicians

Information for Clinicians Information for Clinicians Guidelines for the Investigation & Management of vitamin B12 deficiency Background We frequently get asked for advice on the cause of a patient s vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency

More information

Summary of the risk management plan (RMP) for Cerdelga (eliglustat)

Summary of the risk management plan (RMP) for Cerdelga (eliglustat) EMA/743948/2014 Summary of the risk management plan (RMP) for Cerdelga (eliglustat) This is a summary of the risk management plan (RMP) for Cerdelga, which details the measures to be taken in order to

More information

Blood Testing Protocols. Disclaimer

Blood Testing Protocols. Disclaimer Blood Testing Protocols / Page 2 Blood Testing Protocols Here are the specific test protocols recommend by Dr. J.E. Williams. You may request these from your doctor or visit www.readyourbloodtest.com to

More information

Non Medicinal: cellulose, para amino benzoic acid, silicon dioxide, vegetable grade magnesium stearate (lubricant); Gelatin capsule.

Non Medicinal: cellulose, para amino benzoic acid, silicon dioxide, vegetable grade magnesium stearate (lubricant); Gelatin capsule. 3137-9 webber naturals 6-25273-03137-9 NPN: 02245512 Class: Nutrient B50 Complex Ingredients (alphabetical) Medicinal: Biotin, choline bitartrate, vitamin B5 (d-pantothenic acid), folic acid, inositol,

More information

MANAGEMENT OF COMMON SIDE EFFECTS of INH (Isoniazid), RIF (Rifampin), PZA (Pyrazinamide), and EMB (Ethambutol)

MANAGEMENT OF COMMON SIDE EFFECTS of INH (Isoniazid), RIF (Rifampin), PZA (Pyrazinamide), and EMB (Ethambutol) MANAGEMENT OF COMMON SIDE EFFECTS of INH (Isoniazid), RIF (Rifampin), PZA (Pyrazinamide), and EMB (Ethambutol) 1. Hepatotoxicity: In Active TB Disease a. Background: 1. Among the 4 standard anti-tb drugs,

More information

PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER Omeprazol XXX 40 mg powder for solution for infusion omeprazole

PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER Omeprazol XXX 40 mg powder for solution for infusion omeprazole PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER Omeprazol XXX 40 mg powder for solution for infusion omeprazole Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start using this medicine. - Keep this leaflet. You

More information

READ THIS FOR SAFE AND EFFECTIVE USE OF YOUR MEDICINE PATIENT MEDICATION INFORMATION. [new-ka la]

READ THIS FOR SAFE AND EFFECTIVE USE OF YOUR MEDICINE PATIENT MEDICATION INFORMATION. [new-ka la] READ THIS FOR SAFE AND EFFECTIVE USE OF YOUR MEDICINE PATIENT MEDICATION INFORMATION Pr NUCALA [new-ka la] mepolizumab lyophilized powder for subcutaneous injection Read this carefully before you start

More information

Gemcitabine and Cisplatin

Gemcitabine and Cisplatin PATIENT EDUCATION patienteducation.osumc.edu What is Gemcitabine (jem-site-a been)? Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy medicine known as an anti-metabolite. Another name for this drug is Gemzar. This drug is

More information

I B2.4. Design of the patient information leaflet for VariQuin

I B2.4. Design of the patient information leaflet for VariQuin (English translation of official Dutch version) I B2.4. Design of the patient information leaflet for VariQuin Information for the Patient: Read this package leaflet carefully when you have some time to

More information

MANAGING ANEMIA. When You Have Kidney Disease or Kidney Failure. www.kidney.org

MANAGING ANEMIA. When You Have Kidney Disease or Kidney Failure. www.kidney.org MANAGING ANEMIA When You Have Kidney Disease or Kidney Failure www.kidney.org About the Information in this Booklet Did you know that the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) offers guidelines and commentaries

More information

THE VITAMIN B12 CONNECTION

THE VITAMIN B12 CONNECTION THE VITAMIN B12 CONNECTION Overall health is the result of many different factors. Diet, lifestyle, genetics and the environment all contribute to the state of our well-being. Although it is difficult

More information

Without intrinsic factor, which is a unique protein made in the stomach, vitamin B12 cannot gain access to the rest of the body where it is needed.

Without intrinsic factor, which is a unique protein made in the stomach, vitamin B12 cannot gain access to the rest of the body where it is needed. What is vitamin B12? Vitamin B12 is one of the most controversial members of the vitamin family collectively referred to as the "B-complex" vitamins. Although the full chemical structure of B12 was not

More information

QUESTIONS TO ASK MY DOCTOR

QUESTIONS TO ASK MY DOCTOR Be a part of the treatment decision by asking questions QUESTIONS TO ASK MY DOCTOR FOR PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED STOMACH OR GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION (GEJ) CANCER CYRAMZA (ramucirumab) is used alone or in

More information

Glossary of Terms. Section Glossary. of Terms

Glossary of Terms. Section Glossary. of Terms Glossary of Terms Section Glossary of Terms GLOSSARY Acute: Symptoms which can occur suddenly with a short and severe course. Adrenaclick /Generic Adrenaclick : a single use epinephrine auto-injector that

More information

MEDICATION GUIDE POMALYST (POM-uh-list) (pomalidomide) capsules. What is the most important information I should know about POMALYST?

MEDICATION GUIDE POMALYST (POM-uh-list) (pomalidomide) capsules. What is the most important information I should know about POMALYST? MEDICATION GUIDE POMALYST (POM-uh-list) (pomalidomide) capsules What is the most important information I should know about POMALYST? Before you begin taking POMALYST, you must read and agree to all of

More information

What Each Vitamin & Mineral Does In Your Body. Vitamin A

What Each Vitamin & Mineral Does In Your Body. Vitamin A What Each Vitamin & Mineral Does In Your Body Vitamin A Prevents skin disorders, such as acne, wrinkling and age spots. Enhances the immune system protects against colds, flu, and infections to kidney,

More information

MEDICATION GUIDE ELIQUIS (ELL eh kwiss) (apixaban) tablets

MEDICATION GUIDE ELIQUIS (ELL eh kwiss) (apixaban) tablets MEDICATION GUIDE ELIQUIS (ELL eh kwiss) (apixaban) tablets What is the most important information I should know about ELIQUIS? For people taking ELIQUIS for atrial fibrillation: People with atrial fibrillation

More information

INTRODUCTION Thrombophilia deep vein thrombosis DVT pulmonary embolism PE inherited thrombophilia

INTRODUCTION Thrombophilia deep vein thrombosis DVT pulmonary embolism PE inherited thrombophilia INTRODUCTION Thrombophilia (Hypercoagulability) is a condition in which a person forms blood clots more than normal. Blood clots may occur in the arms or legs (e.g., deep vein thrombosis DVT), the lungs

More information

Analytical Specifications RIVAROXABAN

Analytical Specifications RIVAROXABAN Page 1 of 9 ANALYTE NAME AND STRUCTURE - RIVAROXABAN SYNONYMS Xarelto CATEGORY Anticoagulant TEST CODE PURPOSE Therapeutic Drug Monitoring GENERAL RELEVANCY BACKGROUND Xarelto (rivaroxaban) is an orally

More information

TCH: Docetaxel, Carboplatin and Trastuzumab

TCH: Docetaxel, Carboplatin and Trastuzumab PATIENT EDUCATION patienteducation.osumc.edu TCH: Docetaxel, Carboplatin and Trastuzumab What is TCH? It is the short name for the drugs used for this chemotherapy treatment. The three drugs you will receive

More information

Understanding How Existing and Emerging MS Therapies Work

Understanding How Existing and Emerging MS Therapies Work Understanding How Existing and Emerging MS Therapies Work This is a promising and hopeful time in the field of multiple sclerosis (MS). Many new and different therapies are nearing the final stages of

More information

Doxylamine succinate belongs to the ethanolamine class of antihistamines with sedative properties.

Doxylamine succinate belongs to the ethanolamine class of antihistamines with sedative properties. Data Sheet MERSYNDOL Tablet Paracetamol 450mg per tablet Codeine Phosphate 9.75mg per tablet Doxylamine Succinate 5mg per tablet MERSYNDOL FORTE Tablet Paracetamol 450mg per tablet Codeine Phosphate 30mg

More information

MEDICATION GUIDE STELARA

MEDICATION GUIDE STELARA MEDICATION GUIDE STELARA (stel ar a) (ustekinumab) Injection What is the most important information I should know about STELARA? STELARA is a medicine that affects your immune system. STELARA can increase

More information

PACKAGE LEAFLET. CLINDAMYCIN capsules Clidamycin. One capsule of 75 mg contains 75 mg Clindamycin (as hydrochloride).

PACKAGE LEAFLET. CLINDAMYCIN capsules Clidamycin. One capsule of 75 mg contains 75 mg Clindamycin (as hydrochloride). PACKAGE LEAFLET CLINDAMYCIN capsules Clidamycin COMPOSITION One capsule of 75 mg contains 75 mg Clindamycin (as hydrochloride). One capsule of 150 mg contains 150 mg Clindamycin (as hydrochloride). PROPERTIES

More information

H1N1 Flu Vaccine Available to All Virginia Beach City Public Schools Students

H1N1 Flu Vaccine Available to All Virginia Beach City Public Schools Students V i r g i n i a B e a c h C i t y P u b l i c S c h o o l s apple-a-day F o r O u r F a m i l y o f I n t e r e s t e d C i t i z e n s Special Edition H1N1 Flu Vaccine Available to All Virginia Beach

More information

NHS FORTH VALLEY B12 and Folate: A Practical Guide

NHS FORTH VALLEY B12 and Folate: A Practical Guide NHS FORTH VALLEY B12 and Folate: A Practical Guide Date of First Issue 27/05/2011 Approved 28/06/2011 Current Issue Date 24/06/2013 Review Date 24/06/2015 Version 1.0 EQIA 27/05/2011 Author / Contact Group

More information

Blood Transfusion. Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets

Blood Transfusion. Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets Blood Transfusion Introduction Blood transfusions are very common. Each year, almost 5 million Americans need a blood transfusion. Blood transfusions are given to replace blood lost during surgery or serious

More information

INTRODUCTION Thrombophilia deep vein thrombosis DVT pulmonary embolism PE inherited thrombophilia

INTRODUCTION Thrombophilia deep vein thrombosis DVT pulmonary embolism PE inherited thrombophilia INTRODUCTION Thrombophilia (Hypercoagulability) is a condition in which a person forms blood clots more than normal. Blood clots may occur in the arms or legs (e.g., deep vein thrombosis DVT), the lungs

More information

MA 2000 Pharmacology for Medical Assistants

MA 2000 Pharmacology for Medical Assistants South Central College MA 2000 Pharmacology for Medical Assistants Course Information Description Total Credits 3.00 Total Hours 64.00 Types of Instruction In this course students will learn topics essential

More information

Stepping toward a different treatment option LEARN WHAT ACTHAR CAN DO FOR YOU

Stepping toward a different treatment option LEARN WHAT ACTHAR CAN DO FOR YOU FOR MS RELAPSES Stepping toward a different treatment option LEARN WHAT ACTHAR CAN DO FOR YOU As a person with multiple sclerosis (MS), you know firsthand the profound impact MS relapses can have on your

More information

Interpretation of Laboratory Values

Interpretation of Laboratory Values Interpretation of Laboratory Values Konrad J. Dias PT, DPT, CCS Overview Electrolyte imbalances Renal Function Tests Complete Blood Count Coagulation Profile Fluid imbalance Sodium Electrolyte Imbalances

More information

Low Blood Pressure. This reference summary explains low blood pressure and how it can be prevented and controlled.

Low Blood Pressure. This reference summary explains low blood pressure and how it can be prevented and controlled. Low Blood Pressure Introduction Low blood pressure, or hypotension, is when your blood pressure reading is 90/60 or lower. Some people have low blood pressure all of the time. In other people, blood pressure

More information

For the Patient: Dasatinib Other names: SPRYCEL

For the Patient: Dasatinib Other names: SPRYCEL For the Patient: Dasatinib Other names: SPRYCEL Dasatinib (da sa' ti nib) is a drug that is used to treat many types of cancer. It is a tablet that you take by mouth. Tell your doctor if you have ever

More information

Diabetes mellitus. Lecture Outline

Diabetes mellitus. Lecture Outline Diabetes mellitus Lecture Outline I. Diagnosis II. Epidemiology III. Causes of diabetes IV. Health Problems and Diabetes V. Treating Diabetes VI. Physical activity and diabetes 1 Diabetes Disorder characterized

More information

EMEA PUBLIC STATEMENT ON LEFLUNOMIDE (ARAVA) - SEVERE AND SERIOUS HEPATIC REACTIONS -

EMEA PUBLIC STATEMENT ON LEFLUNOMIDE (ARAVA) - SEVERE AND SERIOUS HEPATIC REACTIONS - The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Post-authorisation evaluation of medicines for human use London, 12 March 2001 Doc. Ref: EMEA/H/5611/01/en EMEA PUBLIC STATEMENT ON LEFLUNOMIDE

More information

There is a risk of renal impairment in dehydrated children and adolescents.

There is a risk of renal impairment in dehydrated children and adolescents. PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER MELFEN 200mg FILM-COATED TABLETS MELFEN 400mg FILM-COATED TABLETS Ibuprofen Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start taking this medicine because it

More information

An Introduction to the Improved FDA Prescription Drug Labeling

An Introduction to the Improved FDA Prescription Drug Labeling An Introduction to the Improved FDA Prescription Drug Labeling 1 Introduction Mary E. Kremzner, Pharm.D. CDR, U.S. Public Health Service Deputy Director, Division of Drug Information Center for Drug Evaluation

More information

NO More Heart Disease

NO More Heart Disease NO More Heart Disease Nitric Oxide Information NO is one of the simplest molecules in biology, comprised of just two atoms one atom of nitrogen (N) and one of oxygen (O). Through NO s structure is simple,

More information

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute Myeloid Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia Introduction Leukemia is cancer of the white blood cells. The increased number of these cells leads to overcrowding of healthy blood cells. As a result, the healthy cells are not

More information

MRP-No. DE/H/0279/001/P/002 Dr. Scheffler Vitamin C, 1000mg, effervescent tablets

MRP-No. DE/H/0279/001/P/002 Dr. Scheffler Vitamin C, 1000mg, effervescent tablets PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER Dr. Scheffler Vitamin C, 1000 mg, effervescent tablets Ascorbic Acid Read all of this leaflet carefully because it contains important information for you. This

More information

Care Pathway for the Administration of Intravenous Iron Sucrose (Venofer )

Care Pathway for the Administration of Intravenous Iron Sucrose (Venofer ) Departments of Haematology, Nephrology and Pharmacy Care Pathway for the Administration of Intravenous Iron Sucrose (Venofer ) [Care Pathway Review Date] Guidance for use This Care Pathway is intended

More information

IRON METABOLISM DISORDERS

IRON METABOLISM DISORDERS IRON METABOLISM DISORDERS ANEMIA Definition Decrease in the number of circulating red blood cells Most common hematologic disorder by Most common hematologic disorder by far 1 Blood loss ANEMIA Causes

More information

Disease Modifying Therapies for MS

Disease Modifying Therapies for MS Disease Modifying Therapies for MS The term disease-modifying therapy (DMT) means a drug that can modify or change the course of a disease. In other words a DMT should be able to reduce the number of attacks

More information

MEDICATION GUIDE. ACTEMRA (AC-TEM-RA) (tocilizumab) Solution for Intravenous Infusion

MEDICATION GUIDE. ACTEMRA (AC-TEM-RA) (tocilizumab) Solution for Intravenous Infusion MEDICATION GUIDE ACTEMRA (AC-TEM-RA) (tocilizumab) Solution for Intravenous Infusion ACTEMRA (AC-TEM-RA) (tocilizumab) Injection, Solution for Subcutaneous Administration Read this Medication Guide before

More information

Wobenzym. Wobenzym Keeps you moving.

Wobenzym. Wobenzym Keeps you moving. Wobenzym PS Helps to maintain healthy joints, mobility and flexibility Relief from everyday aches, pains and muscle soreness Speeds recovery following exertion Supported by over 200 clinical trials Wobenzym

More information

MEDICATION GUIDE REMICADE (Rem-eh-kaid) (infliximab) Read the Medication Guide that comes with REMICADE before you receive the first treatment, and

MEDICATION GUIDE REMICADE (Rem-eh-kaid) (infliximab) Read the Medication Guide that comes with REMICADE before you receive the first treatment, and MEDICATION GUIDE REMICADE (Rem-eh-kaid) (infliximab) Read the Medication Guide that comes with REMICADE before you receive the first treatment, and before each time you get a treatment of REMICADE. This

More information

guides BIOLOGY OF AGING STEM CELLS An introduction to aging science brought to you by the American Federation for Aging Research

guides BIOLOGY OF AGING STEM CELLS An introduction to aging science brought to you by the American Federation for Aging Research infoaging guides BIOLOGY OF AGING STEM CELLS An introduction to aging science brought to you by the American Federation for Aging Research WHAT ARE STEM CELLS? Stem cells are cells that, in cell cultures

More information

Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand

Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand Questions and Answers 1. What are Nutrient Reference Values? The Nutrient Reference Values outline the levels of intake of essential nutrients considered,

More information

PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER. ADRENALINE (TARTRATE) STEROP 1 mg/1 ml Solution for injection. Adrenaline (Levorenine, Epinephrine)

PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER. ADRENALINE (TARTRATE) STEROP 1 mg/1 ml Solution for injection. Adrenaline (Levorenine, Epinephrine) PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER ADRENALINE (TARTRATE) STEROP 1 mg/1 ml Solution for injection Adrenaline (Levorenine, Epinephrine) Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start using this

More information

Food allergy /anaphylaxis

Food allergy /anaphylaxis Food allergy /anaphylaxis A food allergy or hypersensitivity is an abnormal response to a food that is triggered by the immune system. Allergic reactions are often mild, but can be sometimes very dangerous.

More information

Share the important information in this Medication Guide with members of your household.

Share the important information in this Medication Guide with members of your household. MEDICATION GUIDE BUPRENORPHINE (BUE-pre-NOR-feen) Sublingual Tablets, CIII IMPORTANT: Keep buprenorphine sublingual tablets in a secure place away from children. Accidental use by a child is a medical

More information

ORAL MEDICATIONS FOR MS! Gilenya and Aubagio

ORAL MEDICATIONS FOR MS! Gilenya and Aubagio ORAL MEDICATIONS FOR MS! Gilenya and Aubagio Champions against MS 4/20/13 Alexandra Goodyear, MD Stanford University Oral Medications Since 2010, 3 new oral medications for MS: Gilenya 2010 Aubagio 2012

More information

New England Pain Management Consultants At New England Baptist Hospital

New England Pain Management Consultants At New England Baptist Hospital New England Pain Management Consultants At New England Baptist Hospital Pain Management Center Health Assessment Dear New Pain Management Patient, Welcome to the New England Pain Management Consultants

More information