Diploma Lecture Series 2013 Revolution to Romanticism: European Art and Culture

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1 Diploma Lecture Series 2013 Revolution to Romanticism: European Art and Culture Johann Joachim Winckelmann ( ) and Neoclassicism in Rome Dr Christopher Allen Wednesday 5/ Thursday 6 June 2013 Lecture summary: Johann Joachim Winckelmann ( ), the son of a poor tradesman, endured a difficult start in life in the cultural backwater of mid-eighteenth century Germany before publishing a brilliant essay on the art of the Greeks based almost entirely on casts, copies and prints and finally obtaining a bursary to continue his work in Rome. There his talent was recognized and he eventually became the Prefect of Antiquities in the Papal States. His fundamental work on the art of antiquity has earned him the reputation not only of being the founder of modern archaeology, but also of the discipline of art history. This talk will consider one aspect of his achievement in particular, his identification of the specific qualities of Greek art, in contrast to the earlier tendency to conflate Greek and Roman, and indeed to see the heritage of Greece through the later tradition of Rome. I will show that the distinction between Greece and Rome has its roots in an earlier literary debate, as well as considering the divergent influences of the Greek and Roman models on contemporary art. Slide list: 1. * Anton Raphael Mengs, Portrait of Winckelmann, c. 1777, oil on canvas, 63.5 x 49.2 cm, New York, Metropolitan Museum 2. * Anton von Maron, Johann Joachim Winckelmann, 1768, Weimar, Kunstsammlungen 3. Charles de La Fosse, Bacchus and Ariadne, c. 1699, oil on canvas, Dijon, Musée des Beaux-Arts 4. Michael Dahl, Portrait of Alexander Pope, c. 1727, London, National Portrait Gallery 5. Anton Raphael Mengs, Standing male nude study, c. 1778, Washington, NGA 6. Anton Raphael Mengs, Standing male nude study, c. 1777, Karlsruhe, Staatliche Kunsthalle 7. * Anton Raphael Mengs, Parnassus, 1761, fresco, Rome, Villa Albani 8. Antinous Albani relief (2nd century AD) - and as engraved in Winckelmann s Monumenti antichi inediti, * Angelica Kauffmann, Portrait of Winckelmann, 1764, oil on canvas, 97.2 x 71 cm, Zürich, Kunsthaus 10. Angelica Kauffmann, Allegorical figure of drawing, 1780, oil on canvas, London, Burlington House, Royal Academy 11. * Agesander, Athenodorus, Polycleitus, Laocoön, 2nd or 1st c. BC (Rhodes), Rome, Vatican 12. Hellenistic or Roman copy after Leochares (c BC), Apollo Belvedere, Rome, Vatican Museum 13. The Hermes Pio-Clementino or Belvedere Hermes, ( The Antinous ), Rome, Vatican Proudly sponsored by

2 14. Benjamin West, The Death of General Wolfe, 1770, oil on canvas, x cm, Ottawa, National Gallery of Canada 15. Benjamin West ( ), The Treaty of Penn with the Indians, , oil on canvas, 190 x 274 cm, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts 16. Sir Joshua Reynolds, Portrait of Omai, c. 1776, oil on canvas, Private Collection 17. Apollonius, The Belvedere Torso, first century BC or later copy (Pergamese School), Rome, Vatican Museum 18. Borghese Hermaphrodite, early Roman Imperial copy from Hellenistic bronze original (with mattress by Bernini), Paris, Louvre 19. Gian Lorenzo Bernini, The Rape of Proserpina, , marble, height 295 cm, Rome, Galleria Borghese 20. The Ludovisi Mars, Second century copy of Greek original of Fourth century BC by Scopas or Lyssipus, Rome, Palazzo Altemps 21. Jacques-Louis David ( ), Belisarius receiving alms, 1781, oil on canvas, 288 x 312 cm; Lille, Musée des Beaux-Arts 22. Jacques-Louis David, Andromache mourning Hector, 1783, oil on canvas, 275 x 203 cm, Paris, Louvre 23. Jacques-Louis David, The Death of Socrates, 1787, oil on canvas, 130 x 196 cm, New York, Metropolitan Museum 24. Jacques-Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii, 1784, oil on canvas, 330 x 425 cm, Paris, Louvre 25. Jacques-Louis David, The Lictors returning to Brutus the bodies of his sons, 1789, oil on canvas, 323 x 422 cm, Paris, Louvre 26. Gavin Hamilton ( ), The Oath of Brutus, , oil on canvas, 213 x 264 cm, New Haven, Yale Centre for British Art 27. Gavin Hamilton ( ), Achilles lamenting the death of Patroclus, , oil on canvas, x cm, Edinburgh, National Gallery of Scotland 28. Gavin Hamilton, Priam pleading with Achilles for the body of Hector, early 1770s? (engraved 1775), oil on canvas, 63.5 x 99.1 cm; London, Tate 29. Gavin Hamilton, Venus presenting Helen to Paris, 1785, oil on canvas, 306 x 259 cm, Rome, Museo di Roma 30. Gavin Hamilton, Paris abducting Helen, 1784, oil on canvas, 306 x 367 cm, Rome, Museo di Roma 31. Benjamin West, Orestes and Pylades brought before Iphigenia, 1766, oil on canvas, x cm; London, Tate 32. Benjamin West, Thetis bringing the armour and shield to Achilles, c James Barry, The Education of Achilles, c. 1772, oil on canvas, Yale Centre for British Art 34. After John Flaxman, Odysseus weeps at the song of Demodocus, 1805, engraved illustration from The Odyssey of Homer, 17.4 x 29.6 cm 35. After John Flaxman, Euryclea recognizes the scar on Odysseus knee, 1805, engraved illustration from The Odyssey of Homer, 16.6 x 24.3 cm 36. Anton Raphael Mengs, Perseus and Andromeda, , oil on canvas, 227 x cm, St Petersburg, Hermitage 37. Bertel Thorvaldsen, Jason with the Golden Fleece [life-size clay model completed 1803; marble version 1828], Copenhagen, Thorvaldsen Museum 38. Torso from Miletus (Apollo), c , marble 132 cm high, Paris, Louvre Reference: Katharine Harloe, Winckelmann and the Invention of Antiquity. Oxford University Press, 2013 [not published until August 2013] Walter Pater, Winckelmann, in The Renaissance. (multiple editions). Alex Potts. Flesh and the Ideal: Winckelmann and the Origins of Art History. Yale University Press, Elizabeth Prettejohn, The Modernity of Ancient Art. London: Tauris, 2012 Johann Joachim Winckelmann, Reflections on the Imitation of Ancient Art, 1755 Johann Joachim Winckelmann, History of the Art of Antiquity, 1764 Johann Joachim Winckelmann, ed. David Irwin, Writings on Art. London: Phaidon, 1972

3 1. Anton Raphael Mengs, Portrait of Winckelmann, c. 1777, oil on canvas, 63.5 x 49.2 cm, New York, Metropolitan Museum 2. Anton von Maron, Johann Joachim Winckelmann, 1768, Weimar, Kunstsammlungen

4 3. Anton Raphael Mengs, Parnassus, Fresco; Rome, Villa Albani

5 4. Angelica Kauffmann, Portrait of Winckelmann, 1764 Oil on canvas,97.2 x 71 cm Zürich, Kunsthaus 5. Agesander, Athenodorus, Polycleitus Laocoön, 2nd or 1st c. BC (Rhodes) Rome, Vatican

Diploma Lecture Series 2012 Absolutism to enlightenment: European art and culture 1665-1765

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