Assigned questions for Lecture 14 are listed below. The questions occur in the following editions of Physical Chemistry by P.W.
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1 Assigned questions for Lecture 14 are listed below. The questions occur in the following editions of Physical Chemistry by P.W. Atkins: 10th edition 9th edition 8th edition Note: The letter P in front of a number indicates that the question is in the Problem category as opposed to the Exercise category in Atkins books. Updates are highlighted in yellow. Most things are a match here, with a few missing problems. Question 14.01* 4A n/a Missing from 8th and earlier Eds. 4A.1(a) How many phases are present at each of the points marked in Fig. 4.1a? 4A.1(b) How many phases are present at each of the points marked in Fig. 4.1b? Question 14.02* Figure 4.1 The phase diagrams referred to in (a) Exercise 4A.1(a) and (b) Exercise 4A.1(b). 4B n/a Same questions, missing from 8th Ed. 4.6(a) By how much does the chemical potential of copper change when the pressure exerted on a sample is increased from 100 kpa to 10 MPa? 4.6(b) By how much does the chemical potential of benzene change when the pressure exerted on a sample is increased from 100 kpa to 10 MPa? University of Windsor - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - R.W. Schurko! 1
2 Question B B.6(a) The vapour pressure of dichloromethane at 24.1 C is 53.3 kpa and its enthalpy of vaporization is 28.7 kj mol 1. Estimate the temperature at which its vapour pressure is 70.0 kpa 4B.6(b) The vapour pressure of a substance at 20.0 C is 58.0 kpa and its enthalpy of vaporization is 32.7 kj mol 1. Estimate the temperature at which its vapour pressure is 66.0 kpa. Question B B.5(a) The molar volume of a certain solid is cm 3 mol 1 at 1.00 atm and K, its melting temperature. The molar volume of the liquid at this temperature and pressure is cm 3 mol 1. At 100 atm the melting temperature changes to K. Calculate the enthalpy and entropy of fusion of the solid. 4B.5(b) The molar volume of a certain solid is cm 3 mol 1 at 1.00 atm and K, its melting temperature. The molar volume of the liquid at this temperature and pressure is cm 3 mol 1. At 1.2 MPa the melting temperature changes to K. Calculate the enthalpy and entropy of fusion of the solid. Question B B.8(a) The vapour pressure of benzene between 10 C and 30 C fits the expression log(p/torr) = /(T/K). Calculate (i) the enthalpy of vaporization and (ii) the normal boiling point of benzene. 4B.8(b) The vapour pressure of a liquid between 15 C and 35 C fits the expression log(p/torr) = /(T/K). Calculate (i) the enthalpy of vaporization and (ii) the normal boiling point of the liquid. Question B B.9(a) When benzene freezes at 5.5 C its density changes from g cm 3 to g cm 3. Its enthalpy of fusion is kj mol 1. Estimate the freezing point of benzene at 1000 atm. 4B.9(b) When a certain liquid freezes at 3.65 C its density changes from g cm 3 to g cm 3. Its enthalpy of fusion is 8.68 kj mol 1. Estimate the freezing point of the liquid at 100 MPa. University of Windsor - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - R.W. Schurko! 2
3 Question B B.10(a) In July in Los Angeles, the incident sunlight at ground level has a power density of 1.2 kw m 2 at noon. A swimming pool of area 50 m 2 is directly exposed to the sun. What is the maximum rate of loss of water? Assume that all the radiant energy is absorbed. 4B.10(b) Suppose the incident sunlight at ground level has a power density of 0.87 kw m 2 at noon. What is the maximum rate of loss of water from a lake of area 1.0 ha? (1 ha = 10 4 m 2.) Assume that all the radiant energy is absorbed. Question 14.08* n/a n/a DQ4.4 Same question. (DQ 4.4, 8 th Ed.). Use the phase diagram below (Fig. 4.4, 8th ed.) to state what would be observed when a sample of carbon dioxide, initially at 1.0 atm and 298 K, is subjected to the following cycle: (a) isobaric (constant-pressure) heating to 320 K, (b) isothermal compression to 100 atm, (c) isobaric cooling to 210 K, (d) isothermal decompression to 1.0 atm, (e) isobaric heating to 298 K. University of Windsor - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - R.W. Schurko! 3
4 Question B.11a 4.14a 4.7a 4B.11(a) An open vessel containing (i) water, (ii) benzene, (iii) mercury stands in a laboratory measuring 5.0 m 5.0 m 3.0 m at 25 C. What mass of each substance will be found in the air if there is no ventilation? (The vapour pressures are (i) 3.2 kpa, (ii) 13.1 kpa, (iii) 0.23 Pa.) Question B B.12(a) Naphthalene, C10H8, melts at 80.2 C. If the vapour pressure of the liquid is 1.3 kpa at 85.8 C and 5.3 kpa at C, use the Clausius Clapeyron equation to calculate (i) the enthalpy of vaporization, (ii) the normal boiling point, and (iii) the enthalpy of vaporization at the boiling point. 4B.12(b) The normal boiling point of hexane is 69.0 C. Estimate (i) its enthalpy of vaporization and (ii) its vapour pressure at 25 C and 60 C. Question B B.13(a) Calculate the melting point of ice under a pressure of 50 bar. Assume that the density of ice under these conditions is ca g cm 3 and that of liquid water is 1.00 g cm 3. 4B.13(b) Calculate the melting point of ice under a pressure of 10 MPa. Assume that the density of ice under these conditions is ca g cm 3 and that of liquid water is g cm 3. Question B B.14(a) What fraction of the enthalpy of vaporization of water is spent on expanding the water vapour? 4B.14(b) What fraction of the enthalpy of vaporization of ethanol is spent on expanding its vapour? Question n/a n/a 4.10 Missing after 8th Ed. (DQ 4.6 in 8 th edition) Explain the significance of the Clapeyron equation and of the Clausius- Clapeyron equation (no answer posted for this, please see notes, or see write up at end of this document). University of Windsor - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - R.W. Schurko! 4
5 Question 14.14* n/a n/a n/a Missing after 7th Ed. (Ex. 6.2a, 7th edition) Refer to the figure below (Fig. 4.5, 8th ed.) and describe the changes that would be observed when water vapour at 1.0 atm and 400 K is cooled at constant pressure to 260 K. Suggest the appearance of the cooling curve, which is a plot of temperature vs. time. University of Windsor - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - R.W. Schurko! 5
6 Answer 14.01* 4A n/a Missing from 8th and earlier Eds. University of Windsor - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - R.W. Schurko! 6
7 Answer 14.02* 4B n/a Same questions, missing from 8th Ed. University of Windsor - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - R.W. Schurko! 7
8 Answer 14.14* n/a n/a n/a Missing after 8th Ed. University of Windsor - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - R.W. Schurko! 8
9 A-list answers for the 9th edition: K or 31 o C J K -1 mol kj mol K (8.7 o C) g s a (a) 1.7 kg; (b) 31 kg; (c) 1.4 g Q see previous page M4.2 see below kj mol K or 7.6% A14.08 (a) System remains gaseous, but heats up. (b) Isothermal compression creates the supercritical fluid. (c) Sample is cooled to a solid, no liquid phase in between. (d) Sample sublimes into the vapour phase. (e) System back to original vapour state. A14.13 The Clapeyron equation is exact and applies rigorously to all first-order phase transitions. It shows how p and T vary w.r.t. each other along the phase boundary line, and defines the line. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation is not exact, and its derivations involves approximations, including the perfect gas law holds for solid-gas and liquid-gas phase transitions. It only holds for these types of transitions. University of Windsor - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - R.W. Schurko! 9
10 Extra solutions from the 9th Ed. solutions manual - courtesy of David Hirsh! Answer 14.01* 4A n/a Missing from 8th and earlier Eds. University of Windsor - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - R.W. Schurko! 10
11 Answer B University of Windsor - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - R.W. Schurko! 11
12 Answer B University of Windsor - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - R.W. Schurko! 12
13 Answer B University of Windsor - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - R.W. Schurko! 13
14 Answer B University of Windsor - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - R.W. Schurko! 14
15 Answer B Answer B.11a 4.14a 4.7a University of Windsor - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - R.W. Schurko! 15
16 Answer B University of Windsor - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - R.W. Schurko! 16
17 Physical Chemistry - Question Set #14 - Lecture 14 - v Nov. 11, 2015 Answer B Answer B.14 University of Windsor - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - R.W. Schurko! 17
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