Elephant Tooth Paste (Teacher Demo!)

Transcription

1 Elephant Tooth Paste (Teacher Demo!) 16 oz water bottle ½ cup 20- volume hydrogen peroxide liquid (it is a 6% solution found at beauty supply stores. Approx. $4) 1Tablespoon (1 packet) dry yeast 3 Tablespoons of warm water 1 Tablespoon of dish soap Food coloring Small cup Funnel Tray to catch the tooth paste An ADULT pours hydrogen peroxide into the water bottle. Add about 8 drops of food coloring and the dish soap then swish the bottle to mix it a bit. In a separate cup, combine the yeast and warm water and mix for about 30 seconds. Using the funnel, pour the yeast water into the bottle. Remove the funnel and be amazed! The yeast acted as a catalyst (a helper) to remove the oxygen from the hydrogen peroxide. Each tiny foam bubble is filled with oxygen. Since the reaction happens very quickly, lots of bubbles are created. The bottle and foam my feel warm. The experiment created a reaction that was EXOTHERMIC, meaning that it not only created foam, it created heat. The foam produced is just water, soap and oxygen so you can clean it up with a sponge and pour any extra liquid left in the bottle down the drain. Further Experimentation: 1. Does the amount of yeast change the amount of foam produced? 2. Does the experiment work as well if you add the dry yeast without mixing it with water? 3. Does the size of the bottle affect the amount of foam produced? NOTE: Although this is called Elephant Tooth Paste, you should not get the foam in your mouth. It is not actual tooth paste.

2 More Erupting or Foaming Fun: A very common experiment for children in vinegar and baking soda. The reaction created is called an acid- base reaction. The two chemicals work together to create a gas- carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is released in bubbles which creates the eruption. 1. In a pan drop several different colors of food coloring in the bottom. Pour baking soda over the drops. Give the child a cup of plain vinegar and an eye dropper. What happens as the vinegar is added? Do the colors emerge? When? Do they mix? 2. In a small container, mix 1 packet of kool aid and baking soda together. Add some shaving cream to make a pasty paint. Encourage the child to paint a picture on paper or the bathtub walls. When painting gets boring, bring out a small spray bottle filled with plain vinegar. Watch and smell! What happens to the paint? What do you now smell? 3. Mix baking soda and water to make a pour- able paste. Place the mixture into small containers or ice cube trays and freeze. When frozen, pop one out and give your child a cup of colored vinegar (add a couple drops of food coloring) and an eye dropper. What happens when the vinegar is dropped on the cube? What happens if you add coloring to the paste before freezing? What happens if the cube is one color and the vinegar is another? 4. Build a volcano. Mix together 1 cup of flour, ½ cup of salt and water to form a workable dough when kneaded. Give your child a tray to work on. Mold a volcano out of the dough. Be creative and add plastic dinosaurs, animals, trees, rocks.to your tray. Put a teaspoon of baking soda inside your volcano. Pour some vinegar (plain or colored) into the volcano and watch the lava flow! 5. Try blowing up a balloon with baking soda and vinegar. Use a water or soda bottle. Mix ½ cup of vinegar and ½ cup of water then pour into the bottle. Use an 8 inch balloon. With a funnel, pour baking soda into the balloon. Carefully stretch the balloon opening over the mouth of the bottle. Lift the heavy end of the balloon so that the baking soda falls into the water and vinegar mixture. Let go of the balloon and watch! To make your own light box is a clear container with a clear lid and a string of Christmas lights. The lid does allow for the cord to hang out so that your box can be plugged in.

3 Cloud in a Jar: You will need: A vase or clear container Water Shaving cream Eye dropper Colored water Fill the vase 2/3 of the way full. Add shaving cream on to the top of the water to make your cloud. Give children colored water and an eyedropper and encourage them to drop colored water on to the cloud. As the cloud gets heavy with water, watch the rain come from the cloud into the clear water below the cloud. Cloud dough: Combine in a bowl a ratio of 8:1 flour:baby oil. For example, 8 cups of flour and 1 cup of baby oil. Great for a media table and cloud play. It smells good too! Snow dough: Combine 4 cups of cornstarch and ¾ - 1 cup of vegetable oil in a bowl. This dough will last a few days if put away in an air tight container. Alternative recipe: 1 box of corn starch and 1 can of shaving cream. This smells good, but does not last like the above recipe. Moon Sand: Combine 4 cups of sand, 2 cups of cornstarch and 1 cup of water in a bowl. To make colored moon sand, add food coloring to the water before mixing.

4 Vegetable Oil Exploration World s Easiest Lava Lamp: Vase or large soda bottle Vegetable oil Food coloring Alka Seltzer tablets Fill the vase or soda bottle 2/3 full with oil. Add water to the container so that is only has 1-2 inches of air space at the top. When it settles, add a few drops of food coloring. Break the alka seltzer tablets into four pieces. Drop in one piece of the tablet and watch the reaction. To keep the reaction going, just add another piece of the tablet. To make a true lava lamp, shine a flashlight through the bottom of the container or place the container on top of a light box. First, oil is less dense than water so it stays above the water. Also, water and oil do not mix because of intermolecular polarity. Water molecules are attracted to other water molecules and get along well. Oil molecules are attracted to other oil molecules and do well together. The structures of oil and water do not allow them to bond to each other. Now, when the tablet is added, a gas is created. As the gas bubbles rose, they took some colored water with them. When the blob of water reached the top, the gas escaped and down went the water. Color Explosion: Jar or vase Vegetable oil Water Food coloring Fill jar half with oil and half with water. Drop a few drops of food coloring into the jar. Watch the beads sink to the water and observe the change as it hits the water.

5 Light Ice, Heavy Water: What you need: Vase or jar Baby oil Vegetable oil Ice cube Food coloring In the container, put a few drops of food coloring. Fill half the container with vegetable oil and fill the remainder of the container with baby oil, leaving about an inch of space at the top of the container. Notice how the 2 oils mix. It may be hard to tell, but the vegetable oil settles below the baby oil. Once the oils are settled, gently drop an ice cube in the container. It sits in the middle of the container without sinking to the bottom or floating to the top. Now, wait.wait you need to be patient. After a little while, you will see a single drop begin to melt away from the ice cube. It looks like it is frozen in time as it clings to the very end. Unlike ice cubes, the drop of water eventually sinks straight down to the bottom of the container. As the ice cube melts, drop after drop of watter head to the bottom of the container, mixing with the food coloring. How does this work? The basis of light ice, heavy water relies on density. Density=mass / volume, which equates to how many atoms are within a certain space. It s tough to see, but the baby oil settles on top of the vegetable oil. This is because baby oil is a less dense liquid than vegetable oil. As you know, ice cubes are frozen bricks of water. What you may not know is that water reacts unlike almost every other material on earth when it freezes- it becomes less dense. Other than water and some types of rubber, materials become more dense when they cool and freeze. As you see in Light Ice, Heavy Water, however, ice is actually less dense than water and vegetable oil. Try these experiments with vegetable oil or baby oil: In shallow pans, place oil. 1. In one pan, drop colored water. Observe how the two liquids behave. What happens if you touch the colors? 2. In another pan drop colored vinegar. Watch how the two liquids behave. For added fun, sprinkle baking soda on top. 3. In yet another pan, drop colored bubble solution into the oil. What happens if you touch the color blobs?

6 ph Testing Make your own litmus paper or solution: Red cabbage Pan Coffee filters Cook the cabbage. Allow it to cool and then drain the juice. Soak coffee filters in the cabbage juice for about 20 minutes then let dry completely. Cut into strips. You may also put the liquid in a cup and add test materials to observe a color change. Need to know: a ph of 7 is neutral. A ph less than 7 is acid. A ph higher than 7 is base. If you are looking at color, then pinks and purples are acids. Blue, greens, and yellowish greens are bases. Substances to try: vinegar, baking soda water, cornstarch water, shaving cream, rubbing alcohol, lemon juice, peroxide, coffee, apple juice, grape juice, spit No litmus paper? Try this. Put some baking soda in some cups. Using an eye dropper, add substances to the baking soda. If there is a foaming or bubbling reaction, then the substance is an acid. If nothing happens, it is a base. Tornado in a bottle: Connect 2 soda bottles with a vortex connector.or tornado tube. Screw bottles tightly to avoid leaks, turn bottle over to drain the water and watch the tornado appear. Add some monopoly houses to the bottles before connecting for fun.

7 Look at experiments with Air Bernoulli s principle basically states that faster moving creates lower air pressure. Ping pong ball fun: Water bottle cut in half. Keep the drinking end. Ping pong ball Put the ping pong ball in the water bottle, tilt your head back and blow the ping pong ball out of the water bottle. A variation is to punch a hole in the water bottle s cap and put a bendy straw through it. Blow the ping pong ball out of the bottle. When you blow, you are making the air move faster so air pressure decreases under the ball. The pressure from above is stronger and keeps the ball in place- not letting it be blown out of the bottle. Hovering Ping Pong Ball: Ping pong ball Hair dryer Turn on the hair dryer and point it toward the ceiling. Place a ping pong ball over the hair dryer. It stays put in mid air above the hair dryer. The moving air from the hair dryer has less pressure than the still air on the sides of the ping pong ball. The side air pressure is like an invisible wall that keeps the ball from flying away. This is fun to do with a shop vac and a beach ball as well!

8 Marshmallows have air?? Baby bottle Marshmallows Straw Clay Put the marshmallow(s) in a baby bottle. Put a straw in. Seal the bottle around the straw. There must be no air leaks. Stand in front of a mirror and suck the air out of the bottle. What happens to the marshmallow(s)? Now let go of the straw what happens? Although the marshmallow appears to be a solid, it is filled with many air pockets. When you suck the air out of the bottle, you are decreasing the air pressure inside the bottle, which causes the marshmallow to expand. When you stop sucking let go, the air rushes back into the bottle, increasing the air pressure inside causing the marshmallow to return to its original size. Ivory Soap has air too! Paper plate Bar of ivory soap Microwave Place the bar of soap on the plate and microwave for 30 second to a minute. Watch what happens. The air in the bar of soap is heated and expands causing the soap to grow! This must be supervised by an adult. When it s done and cools, it is a great sensory experience to crumble the mountain that was created.

9 CD Hover Craft: Old CD or DVD disc 9 balloon Pop top cap from liquid soap or a water bottle Hot glue gun 1. If you are using the cap from a water bottle, cover the center hole of the CD with a piece of tape and poke about 6 holes in the tape with a push-pin or small nail. This will slow down the flow of air and allow your hovercraft to hover longer. 2. Use the hot glue gun to glue the cap to the center of the CD or DVD disc. Create a good seal to keep air from escaping. 3. Blow up the balloon all the way and pinch the neck of it. (Don t tie it.) 4. Make sure the pop-top is closed and fit the neck of the balloon over the pop-up portion of the cap. (This is usually easier with 2 people) 5. That s it! When you re ready to commence hovering, simply put the craft on a smooth surface and pop the top open. The air flow created by the balloon causes a cushion of moving air between the disc and the surface. This lifts the CD and reduces the friction which allows the disc to hover freely. More thoughts: Does the size of the balloon affect the CD s ability to hover? Does a helium balloon work better than an air filled balloon? Do larger discs make better hovercrafts (plastic picnic plates or old record albums)? Bubble fun! Water bottle with the bottom cut off A sock Soapy water in a bowl Cover the water bottle with a sock. Dip the sock end in the soapy water. Blow through the opening and watch the bubbles flow! You can also drop food coloring on the sock then dip to create some color. Be careful, though, because food coloring does stain clothing.

10 Can You Make a Marshmallow Sink? When you drop a marshmallow in water, it floats like a balloon. A marshmallow is full of air bubbles, which puff it out. The sugar in the marshmallow gets spread out over a large area, making the marshmallow less dense than water. So how do you make a marshmallow denser? You have to make it smaller. Can you succeed? Make a Simple Catapult: Block of wood Rubber Band 2 tacks Plastic spoon Push tacks into opposite sides of the wood block. Wrap the rubber band around the tacks. Insert the plastic spoon handle under the rubber band. Marshmallows make great ammo. Colorful Sugar Water Density Tower EXPERIMENT 1. Fill your cups with 1 cup of warm water and add food coloring to the water. You want a different color for each density. We used blue, green, yellow and red. 2. Add 2 tablespoons of sugar to the 1st cup, 4 tablespoons to the 2nd cup, 6 tablespoons to the 3rd cup and 8 tablespoons to the last cup. Our colors were: * Blue - 2 tablespoons * Yellow - 4 tablespoons * Red - 6 tablespoons * Green - 8 tablespoons 3. Label each cup with the amount of sugar added. 4. Stir the water until the sugar is dissolved. It is crutial that all of the sugar is dissolved in each cup. You may need to supersaturate the sugar water solution to get all of the sugar to dissolve. Place the cup in the microwave for seconds to warm the water and dissolve more sugar. Continue stirring until all of the sugar is gone.

11 5. Start with the cup with the most sugar. Using a pipette, dropper or back of a spoon, begin adding the first layer of sugar water. 6. After the first layer, things get challenging. Carefully drip the next dense layer onto the surface of the first. The best technique is to place the pipette right above the surface of the first layer and against the glass. Slowly drip the next color onto the first. This will take a lot of patience. Go slow. 7. The colors will begin to mix at first and then your original color will start to show. 8. Repeat with the next dense color and the least dense color until you have stacked all of the colors. HOW DOES IT WORK? Density Density is defined as mass divided by volume. Mass = how many atoms are in an object. Volume = how much space an object takes up. As you add sugar to the water, more and more sugar molecules will take over the space, making the water more dense. The cup containing the 8 tablespoons of sugar will be the most dense, the cup with 2 tablespoons will be least dense. With this sugar water experiment, we put the most dense solution on the bottom. Why do you think that is? What will happen if you try it with the least dense solution on the bottom? Supersaturated Solution If you attempt to dissolve sugar in water, you reach a point where you cannot dissolve any more sugar. This is called a saturated solution. However, if you heat this solution, more sugar will dissolve. When the solution is cooled, the sugar will remain in solution. This is called a supersaturated solution, which is very unstable and will crystallize easily. Density Column Mixup What happens if you shake or mix up your sugar density column? The colors will not separate and go back to the rainbow, like a water-oil density tower. The sugar will mix evenly with the water. Flubber 1 1/3 cups of water in a small container 2 tsp 20 Mule Team Borax Mix these two together

12 Large container with 1 ½ cups warm water 2 cups Elmer s glue Food coloring Mix these ingredients Add the borax mixture to the glue mixture. Mix and knead until it isn t sticky any more. Makes enough for 6 children NOTE: if it gets stuck in hair or on carpet, white vinegar dissolves flubber J Flubber minus Borax: 1 cup Elmer s glue 1 cupliquid laundry starch Food coloring Large bowl Mix a few drops of coloring in the glue. Add starch and mix with wooden spoon or craft stick. Knead into workable flubber. Enjoy. Silly Goo: 2 cups 1/2 tsp. Epsom salt 1/2 tsp. water Spoon 1 Tbsp. glue (wood glue or school glue) Waxed paper Plastic zipper bag Place 1/2 tsp. of Epsom salt and 1/2 tsp. of water in a cup. You may want to use disposable cups. Mix the two ingredients together with a spoon until most of the salt is dissolved. Squeeze 1 tbsp. of glue in to your second cup. Pour the salt/water mixture in to the cup that holds the glue. Mix these ingredients together to form silly goo. Scoop the silly goo out of the cup and on to a sheet of wax paper. Experiment with the goo by stretching it, pounding on it and rolling it up in to a ball.

13 Some helpful websites: YouTube Channels - - Steve Spangler Expertvillage