Case Colleen Monahan 3 rd Year Veterinary Student University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine

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1 Case Colleen Monahan 3 rd Year Veterinary Student University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine

2 30 year old American Paint Horse gelding Signalment

3 History! 1-day history of colic signs! At presentation, the patient was trembling! Ultrasound: Distended small intestine with decreased motility! Rectal Exam: Possible displaced colon

4 Postmortem

5

6 4x

7 20x

8 Churukian-Schenk Staining

9 Morphologic Diagnosis Right adrenal gland: Pheochromocytoma

10 Equine Pheochromocytomas! Infrequent finding

11 Equine Pheochromocytomas! Infrequent finding! Functional or Non-functional

12 Equine Pheochromocytomas! Infrequent finding! Functional or Non-functional! Low incidence of malignancy

13 Equine Pheochromocytomas! Infrequent finding! Functional or Non-functional! Low incidence of malignancy! Unilateral

14 Functional Pheochromocytomas! No known breed or gender predilection

15 Functional Pheochromocytomas! No known breed or gender predilection! Only reported in horses >12 years

16 Functional Pheochromocytomas! No known breed or gender predilection! Only reported in horses >12 years! Tumor cells produce catecholamines

17 Functional Pheochromocytomas! No known breed or gender predilection! Only reported in horses >12 years! Tumor cells produce catecholamines! Similar clinical signs to colic, rhabdomyolysis, or acute laminitis

18 Clinical Signs! Abdominal pain

19 Clinical Signs! Abdominal pain! Muscle tremors

20 Clinical Signs! Abdominal pain! Muscle tremors! Profuse sweating

21 Clinical Signs! Abdominal pain! Muscle tremors! Profuse sweating! Tachycardia

22 Clinical Signs! Abdominal pain! Muscle tremors! Profuse sweating! Tachycardia! Tachypnea

23 Diagnosis! Difficult to diagnose

24 Diagnosis! High serum concentration of catecholamines or their metabolites in urine

25 Diagnosis! High serum concentration of catecholamines or their metabolites in urine! Catecholamines labile

26 Diagnosis! Additional Diagnostics:! Ultrasonography! Blood Pressure

27 Prognosis! Poor prognosis due to surgical complications

28 Prognosis! Poor prognosis due to surgical complications! Induction of fatal arrhythmias

29 Prognosis! Poor prognosis due to surgical complications! Induction of fatal arrhythmias! Anatomic location of adrenals

30 Prognosis! Poor prognosis due to surgical complications! Induction of fatal arrhythmias! Anatomic location of adrenals

31 Prognosis! Poor prognosis due to surgical complications! Induction of fatal arrhythmias! Anatomic location of adrenals

32 Prognosis! Poor prognosis due to surgical complications! Induction of fatal arrhythmias! Anatomic location of adrenals

33 Comparative Pheochromocytomas! More common in cattle, laboratory rats, and dogs

34 Comparative Pheochromocytomas! More common in cattle, laboratory rats, and dogs! Bulls: may be part of multiple endocrine neoplasia

35 Comparative Pheochromocytomas! More common in cattle, laboratory rats, and dogs! Bulls: may be part of multiple endocrine neoplasia! Dogs: tachycardia, edema, cardiac hypertrophy, polyuria and polydipsia

36 Comparative Pheochromocytomas! More common in cattle, laboratory rats, and dogs! Bulls: may be part of multiple endocrine neoplasia! Dogs: tachycardia, edema, cardiac hypertrophy, polyuria and polydipsia! 50% metastasize to the liver, regional lymph nodes, spleen, and lungs

37 Case Summary! Presented as a colic

38 Case Summary! Presented as a colic! Pheochromocytoma found on necropsy

39 Case Summary! Presented as a colic! Pheochromocytoma found on necropsy! Catecholamines produce clinical signs

40 Case Summary! Presented as a colic! Pheochromocytoma found on necropsy! Catecholamines produce clinical signs! Poor prognosis

41 Acknowledgements! Dr. Danielle Reel! Dr. Linden Craig! UTCVM Pathology Department! UTCVM Histology Lab

42 Questions?

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