Keiji Imaoka Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. GEOSS-AP AWCI Session September 10, 2015

Transcription

1 Keiji Imaoka Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency GEOSS-AP AWCI Session September 10, 2015

2 JAXA Earth Observation Satellites Targets (JFY) Disasters & Resources Climate Change & Water ALOS/PALSAR ALOS ALOS/PRISM AVNIR2 TRMM/PR TRMM [Land and Disaster monitoring] ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 GPM / DPR Water Cycle Climate Change Aqua/AMSR- E Aqua [Wind, SST, Water vapor] GCOM-W / AMSR2 [Vegeta@on, aerosol, cloud, SST, ocean color] 250m, mul)- angle, polariza)on GCOM-C / SGLI [Cloud and Aerosol 3D structure] EarthCARE / CPR Greenhouse gases [CO 2, Methane] GOSAT [CO 2, Methane, CO] GOSAT-2 Mission status On orbit Phase C/D Phase A/B 2

3 Status of Satellites/Sensors (In TRMM/PR (17 years, Nov. 1997~ April 1, 2015 PR turned off) Aqua/AMSR- E (9+4 years, May 2002~) GOSAT (6 years, Jan. 2009~) GCOM- W(3 years, May 2012~) GPM/DPR (20 months, Feb. 2014~) ALOS- 2 (16 months, May 2014~) Launch of GCOM-W by H-IIA F21 AMSR2 Deployment DPR First Image (3- dimensional precipita@on intensity of the storm) 3

4 17 year Precipitation Data by TRMM PR TRMM Global (-35deg lat to +35deg lat) Monthly Precipitation 350 km 402 km A-side B-side " Except for changes due to altitude change (2001/08) and switching to redundancy system(2009/06), long-term change of precipitation is being captured.

5 Global Precipitation Measurement Core Observatory by NASA- JAXA KaPR: 35.5GHz radar (phased array) GPM Core Observatory GMI (Microwave Imager) KuPR: 13.6GHz radar (phased array) Constella5on Satellites by interna5onal partners n International mission for high accurate / frequent global precipitation observation. n Core Observatory: developed under NASA and JAXA equal partnership. n Constellation Satellites: utilization of international partners satellites with precipitation measurement capability. n Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) n Developed by JAXA and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) n DPR is composed of KuPR and KaPR n GPM Core Observatory will be launched on February 27th 2014 (UTC). 5

6 GPM Global Rainfall Map (GPM-GSMaP) GPM- Core GMI Microwave Imagers & Sounders GCOM- W AMSR2 DMSP SSM/I, SSMIS NOAA/MetOp AMSU Good: high- frequent (wide swath, mul5- satellites) Bad: cannot measure ver5cal structure (need info. from radar) Precipita@on Radars GSMaP Microwave Radiometer Retrieval Algorithm IR Imagers TRMM PR GPM- Core DPR Data Base Rainfall Data from each Microwave Radiometer Merged Microwave Rainfall Data (Okamoto et al. 2005, Kubota et al, 2007, Aonashi et al. 2009, Ushio et al. 2009, Shige et al. 2009, Kachi et al. 2011) hzp://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/gsmap/ Geosta5onary Satellites Microwave- IR Merged Algorithm (CMV, K/F) Global Rainfall Map + Gauge- calibrated Rainfall Map (0.1 degree grid, Hourly)

7 GPM Global Rainfall Map (GPM-GSMaP) Global precipitation distribution in near-realtime basis (4 hours after observation) by utilizing multiple GEO/LEO satellite data. 0.1 by 0.1 degrees grids, 1-hour product Started from 2007 as a prototype and available as JAXA GPM standard product from September June 21-30, 2015, 3h interval 7

8 GSMaP NOWCAST version (GSMaP_NOW) To reduce latency from 4- hr to nowcast Ø Using data that is available within 1- hour (GMI, AMSR2 direct receiving data, AMSU direct receiving data and MTSAT) to produce GSMaP at 1- hr before Ø Applying 1- hour forward (future by cloud moving vector to produce GSMaP at current hour (nowcast). COMING SOON 8

9 Flood Warning and Drought Warning in Asia Global Satellite Mapping of Precipita5on (GSMaP) Bangladesh Viet Nam Philippines Flood Forecas5ng System Cell Phone Short Message Flood Warning Automa5c Calcula5on of Drought Indices Website Drought Warning Great Mekong Subregion 9

10 GSMaP in Agricultural Insurance Japanese insurance company has developed Weather Index Insurance in Myanmar using GSMaP rainfall data, and plans to sell it in 2015 In Myanmar, agriculture makes up 40% of GDP, but natural disasters such as droughts happens ohen recently. Overview of the insurance Ø Assured persons: farm houses in the assured regions Ø Assured crops: rice, sesame Ø Assured regions: Arid regions in the central Myanmar Ø Assured risks: drought (risk of less rainfall in rainy season) Plan to expand the insurance to other disaster risks (cyclone, heavy rainfall) in Myanmar, and to other countries in 10 South- East Asia GSMaP Rainfal data Planning insurance Insurance payment to farm houses Set the criteria of accumulated rainfall during certain period, calculated from past data When rainfall by GSMaP is less than the criteria, insurance will be paid. (from press release from Sompo Japan Nipponkoa & RESTEC in Dec. 2014)

11 Weather Forecast Improvement by AMSR2 W/ AMSR2 Observation W/O AMSR2 Results of weather forecast by JMA s meso model on July 11, AMSR2 data contributed to improve the precipitation forecast by increasing water vapor information Provided by Japan Meteorological Agency 11

12 May 1-15, 2012 May 16-31, 2012 June 1-15, 2012 June 16-31, 2012 July 1-15, 2012 July 16-31, 2012 August 1-15, 2012 August 16-31, 2012 WindSat AMSR2 September 1-15, 2012 September 16-30, 2012 October 1-15, 2012 October 16-31, 2012 Snow Area by MODIS Dry Snow Wet Snow Soil Moisture [%] Anomaly Ra5o by Wet Dry Microwave 12

13 Satellites/Sensors under development GCOM-C (JFY2016) Radiation/heat balance and plant production Clouds, Aerosols, Ocean Color, Vegetation, Snow and Ice EarthCARE/CPR (JFY2017) Europe-Japan Joint Mission Clouds and aerosols observation on a global scale GOSAT-2 (JFY2017) GOSAT follow-on mission Green house Gases (CO2, CH4, CO) Observation Advanced Optical Satellite (JFY2020) Hi resolution optical observation 13

14 GCOM-C: Resolution Improvement Ocean color by 250m resolution (simulated using Landsat-8 data) 14

15 10-minute SST from Himawari-8 Himawari- 8 L1, SST and other L2 products are available at JAXA hp server from August GCOM- W, GCOM- C and EarthCARE teams are collabora@ng with JMA for calibra@on and algorithm development. Himawari- 8 SST anima)on was provided by Y. Kurihara of JAXA EORC. 15

16 Thank you for your azen5on. 16