Masonry Walls & Concrete Floors in Sustainable Design
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1 Masonry Walls & Concrete Floors in Sustainable Design Presented by Phone: Fax:
2 PROSOCO is a Registered Provider with the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned upon completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-aia members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
3 Copyrighted Materials This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited. PROSOCO 2008
4 1) Name the features that make masonry a sustainable choice 2) Explain how air barriers reduce energy waste in buildings 3) List ways that masonry, air barriers, and finished concrete flooring can contribute to LEED points 4) Explain how finished concrete flooring can improve building performance Learning Objectives Masonry Walls & Concrete Floors In Sustainable Design 4
5 Timeless Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 5
6 Centuries of service life Timeless Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 6
7 Timeless Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 7
8 Timeless Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 8
9 Timeless Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 9
10 Sustainable Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 10
11 Used Brick Must meet standards Still attractive No extra energy Sustainable Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 11
12 Scrap Brick Sustainable Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 12
13 Sustainable Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 13
14 Jook Leung 360 VR Studio Durable Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 14
15 What building owners like Appearance Performance Durable Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 15
16 Embodied Energy Brick Industry Association Brochure June 17, 2003 Energy Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 16
17 Energy Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 17
18 LEED Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 18
19 Summary of NCMA Energy TEKs 6-1A LEED R-Values of Multi-Wythe Concrete Masonry Walls 6-2A R-Values for Single Wythe Concrete Masonry Walls 6-4A Energy Code Compliance Using COMCHK-EZ 6-11 Insulating Concrete Masonry Walls- construction oriented discussion of various insulation methods Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 19
20 Thermal Mass Note first how the stud wall in blue responds, lagging the outside temperature (red) by about two hours. However, the masonry wall, peak to peak, lags the outside by about 6 hours. This enables an energy savings to either heat or cool the building. NCMA on Energy LEED Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 20
21 LEED Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 21
22 on LEED NCMA references for CMU 14.5% - 21% savings over EIFS baseline walls that exceed code Interior insulation LEED Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 22
23 Cavity wall masonry design Water Penetration Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 23
24 Masonry water repellents Water Penetration Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 24
25 Water Penetration Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 25
26 Water in walls Water Penetration Photos courtesy of the American Phytopathological Society Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 26
27 Water in walls Water Penetration Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 27
28 Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 28
29 Humid outdoor air infiltrates the building. Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 29
30 Outside Inside Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 30
31 Outside Inside Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 31
32 Outside Inside Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 32
33 Air barrier blocks infiltration. Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 33
34 Air barrier blocks infiltration. Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 34
35 Air barrier blocks infiltration. Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 35
36 Humid indoor air ex-filtrates outward. Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 36
37 Humid indoor air ex-filtrates outward. Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 37
38 Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 38
39 Air barrier blocks ex-filtration. Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 39
40 Air barrier blocks ex-filtration. Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 40
41 Air barrier blocks ex-filtration. Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 41
42 Pat Conway Air Barrier Expert International Masonry Institute AIA, CSI, IMI Use an external air barrier Stop ex-filtration Cold weather Avoid condensation Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 42
43 Wagdy Anis, FAIA Principal Air Barrier Expert Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. Infiltration and exfiltration, if un-controlled, will bring moisture in through a torturous path until it hits a condensing surface. Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 43
44 Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 44
45 Disney Water Vapor Transfer Study 3/4 hole (1/16 opening 1 long) 500 square foot wall Water vapor via air leak: 80 oz/day Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 45
46 Disney Water Vapor Transfer Study 228 Gallons = 45.6 five gallon buckets 3/4 hole (1/16 opening 1 long) 500 square foot wall Water vapor via air leak: 80 oz/day Source: CH2M Hill Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls 46 in Sustainable Design
47 228 Gallons = 45.6 five gallon buckets Source: CH2M Hill Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 47
48 Air-Carried Water Vapor Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 48
49 Air & Water-Resistive Barriers Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 49
50 Air & Water-Resistive Barriers Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 50
51 Air leaks cost money Air & Water-Resistive Barriers Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 51
52 25% reduction by Air & Water-Resistive Barriers 50% reduction by 2020 Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 52
53 NIST 7238 Gas savings greater than 40 percent Electrical savings greater than 25 percent Air & Water-Resistive Barriers Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 53
54 Energy simulations for: Bismark, ND Minnesota, MN Phoenix, AZ St. Louis, MO Miami, FL Air & Water-Resistive Barriers Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 54
55 Bismarck, ND Minneapolis, MN Phoenix, AZ St. Louis, MO Air & Water-Resistive Barriers Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design NISTIR 7238 Miami, FL Miami, FL 55
56 City Gas Savings Electrical Savings Total Savings Bismarck $1,854 42% $1,340 26% $3,194 Minneapolis $1,872 43% $1,811 33% $3,683 St. Louis $1,460 57% $1,555 28% $3,015 Phoenix $124 77% $620 9% $744 Two-story office building Miami $0 0% $769 10% $769 Air & Water-Resistive Barriers Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 56
57 An Introduction to the U.S. Green Building Council and the LEED Green Building Rating System Air & Water-Resistive Barriers Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 57
58 Optimize Energy Performance yields up to 10 points Third Creek Elementary, Statesville NC, certified LEED Gold Air & Water-Resistive Barriers Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 58
59 Computer model shows energy savings under ASHRAE 90.1 Energy Standard for Buildings Air & Water-Resistive Barriers First Year Residence Hall Carnegie Mellon University Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 59
60 TRANE model results Elementary School La Crosse, Wisconsin 24 Rooms Brick over Block 58% natural gas savings 22% electricity savings Air & Water-Resistive Barriers Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 60
61 You really need a slide on using an air barrier to control humidity and go after the LEED credit for Thermal Comfort under ASHRAE 55. An air barrier is great for that. -Kansas City HVAC Engineer Air & Water-Resistive Barriers Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 61
62 Quick History of Air-Water Barriers Air & Water-Resistive Barriers Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 62
63 Quick History of Air-Water Barriers Air & Water-Resistive Barriers Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 63
64 Quick History of Air-Water Barriers Air & Water-Resistive Barriers Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 64
65 Quick History of Air-Water Barriers Air & Water-Resistive Barriers Masonry Walls in Sustainable Design 65
66 Design Sustainability Benefits 66
67 Benefits 67
68 Hardening/Densifying Grinding/Polishing Coloring Benefits 68
69 Long-lasting Low-maintenance Benefits 69
70 Up to 5 times more abrasion resistant Benefits 70
71 Design Sustainability Benefits 71
72 Hardening/Densifying Calcium Hydroxide creates dusting 72
73 Stops dusting Hardening/Densifying 73
74 Hardening/Densifying 74
75 Non-densified Hardening/Densifying 75
76 Hardening/Densifying Densified 76
77 Improves grinding & polishing Hardening/Densifying 77
78 Hardening/Densifying Increases hardness Stops dusting Resists abrasion Resists water penetration Improves grinding & polishing 78
79 Sodium Sodium or Potassium silicate molecule Potassium Magnesium 3 silica molecules Hardening/Densifying 79
80 Sodium Sodium or Potassium molecule Potassium Magnesium 3 silicate molecules Hardening/Densifying 80
81 Soft Calcium Hydroxide Hardening/Densifying 81
82 Hardening/Densifying 82
83 Hard concrete Hardening/Densifying 83
84 Hardening/Densifying 84
85 Hardening/Densifying 85
86 Hardening/Densifying 86
87 Hardening/Densifying 87
88 Hardening/Densifying 88
89 Scrubbing Flushing Collecting Hardening/Densifying 89
90 Lithium Silicate Hardening/Densifying 90
91 Lithium silicate molecule More reactive Hardening/Densifying 91
92 100,000 square foot floor Lithium Silicate Sodium/Potassium Silicate Hardening/Densifying 92
93 Soft Calcium Hydroxide Hardening/Densifying 93
94 Hardening/Densifying 94
95 Hardening/Densifying 95
96 Hardening/Densifying 96
97 Check product literature Scrubbing Flushing Hardening/Densifying 97
98 more available more economical Hardening/Densifying 98
99 Hardening/Densifying 99
100 Cheaper in the store Hardening/Densifying 100
101 Cheaper in the store pricier on the floor Hardening/Densifying 101
102 Lithium application Lower labor costs Hardening/Densifying 102
103 Similar to sanding wood coarse fine Grinding & Polishing 103
104 Rotating heads Diamond grinding pads Grinding & Polishing 104
105 First step Opens pores Better penetration Grinding & Polishing 105
106 Wet grinding Grinding & Polishing 106
107 Dry grinding Grinding & Polishing 107
108 Grinding & Polishing 108
109 Industrial Institutional Specialty Retail Grinding & Polishing 109
110 Color 110
111 Color 111
112 Color 112
113 Color 113
114 Integral color agents Shake-on colors Acid Stains Acetone dyes Water-based dyes Color 114
115 Integral color agents Color 115
116 Shake-on colors Color 116
117 Acid Stains Color 117
118 Acetone dyes Color 118
119 Water-based dyes Color 119
120 Designer and Owner expectations Testing 120
121 Specification phase Testing 121
122 Test Panels Testing 122
123 Hardness Testing 123
124 Gloss Testing 124
125 Slip resistance Testing 125
126 Hardness Gloss Slip Resistance Testing 126
127 Who performs these tests? Testing 127
128 Applicator Third-party professional Manufacturer or Distributor Testing 128
129 Use recommended cleaners only Burnish Testing 129
130 Microbial cleaning Health & Safety 130
131 Microbial cleaning Staph bacteria 1 micron = 1/1000 th millimeter 400 clusters fit into a square millimeter Health & Safety 131
132 Full-length 400 Vinyl staph tile clusters tile seam- in 1 is 1 millimeter 300 square millimeters wide long Health & Safety 132
133 Health & Safety 133
134 Health & Safety 134
135 -Kansas City Star, April 8, 2008 Health & Safety 135
136 SHAWNEE, Kan. -- Teachers at one Johnson County school have been getting sick, and worried parents are asking questions. The teachers started reporting their illness shortly after some floor tiles were removed from classrooms at Shawnee Mission Northwest High School. The teachers' union is concerned that something in the air is sickening the employees. -Kansas City Star, April 8, 2008 Health & Safety 136
137 Finished concrete flooring No covering No adhesive No removal No replacement No adverse news Health & Safety 137
138 LEED 138
139 U.S. Green Building Council s expectations Occupant well-being Environmental performance Economic returns LEED 139
140 Pittsburgh Glass Center, an AIA Top Ten Green Building LEED 140
141 LEED Harvard University Library building 141
142 LEED lithium silicate doesn t generate waste 142
143 concrete floors eliminate the need for adhesive LEED 143
144 LEED concrete floors, unlike carpet, are not absorptive 144
145 Formaldehyde Volatile organics concrete floors do not contribute to these levels LEED 145
146 LEED concrete floors eliminate the need for adhesive 146
147 water based treatments and colorants comply with SCAQMD requirements LEED 147
148 LEED concrete floors keep covering materials out of the equation 148
149 Floor coverings from greater than 500 miles Reduce the less-than 500 mile percentage Avoiding floor coverings avoids the problem Concrete is local LEED 500 miles 149
150 Concrete floors reflect light reduce lighting requirements provide thermal mass LEED 150
151 additional 35 percent reflected light not the perception light colors actual gloss allowing 12 fixtures to provide the light levels of 15 fixtures - Industrial Maintenance & Plant Operations magazine LEED 151
152 Increased reflectivity save energy 30% increase in light reflectivity dramatically improve light reflectivity reduce required lampage LEED / Gloss claims LEED
153 LEED 153
154 Phase I: Reflectivity modeling Gloss and color determine reflectivity Color trumps gloss Lighter colors are more reflective than darker ones Gloss has more impact with lighter colors Reduce capital and operating costs (lighting / HVAC) Retail shelf lighting improves Gloss = aesthetic benefit + durability byproduct + energy saving Phase II: Thermal mass modeling LEED Modeling 154
155 Gloss Reflectivity Dark Red-Brown Medium Red-Brown Light Orange Red-Brown Medium Gray Treated Medium Gray Untreated Light Tan Treated Light Tan Untreated Lithium Silicate Stain, Diamond Polish, L/S w/polymer Burnish Lithium Silicate Stain, Diamond Polish, L/S w/polymer Burnish Lithium Silicate Stain, Diamond Polish, L/S w/polymer Burnish Lithium Silicate Burnish Untreated Lithium Silicate Burnish Gloss Reflectivity Untreated Whole Building Reflectivity Energy Savings -3.08% -3.08% -3.08% 8.70% 13.89% 21.74% 16.54% Whole Building Thermal Mass Energy Savings 6.8% LEED
156 Design Sustainability Benefits 156
157 Questions? Masonry Walls & Concrete Floors in Sustainable Design Presented by Phone: Fax: This concludes the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education System Program
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