Enhancing Capabilities and Preparing Cities for. Dr. Muzaffar Ahmad

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1 Enhancing Capabilities and Preparing Cities for Disaster Management Dr. Muzaffar Ahmad

2 INDIA S VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS 58.6% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of moderate to high intensity 68% of the cultivable area is vulnerable to Drought Over 40 million hectares (12% of land) is prone to Floods & River Erosion Of the 7,516 km long coastline, close to 5,700 km is prone to cyclones and tsunamis 12% government revenue spent on relief and rehabilitation 2% GDP loss

3 MAJOR MAN-MADE DISASTERS Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear Transport (Air/Railways/Road traffic/marine) Urban Flooding One of the major causes Riots/Civic Disturbances Terrorism

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5 TSUNAMI (2004)

6 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE(2005)

7 CYCLONE AILA 2009

8 LEH CLOUDBURST & MUDSLIDE

9 PASCHIM VIHAR CNG STATION FIRE

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11 The Impact of a natural disaster in a densely populated area can be catastrophic. This is why disaster planning is nowhere more urgent than in the world s big urban centers. - Swiss Re Report, 2014

12 The twentieth century witnessed a rapid shift of population from rural to urban areas in most of the countries of the world. A mere 13% of the global population lived in urban areas in 1900, which increased to 29% in 1950 and to about 50% by the close of the twentieth century.

13 Vulnerability: World City Ranking 9. DELHI 3. MUMBAI Source: Grosvenor Research Report

14 India s Urban Growth India is the second most populous country in the world. Its population has increased by more than 181 million during the decade (Census of India, 2011). It is expected that by 2026 the urban population in India will reach 534 million. That means between 10 million and 11.4 million new people will be accommodated in Indian cities every year.

15 India s Urban Population Change

16 Urban Expansion The rapid expansion of Indian cities, with increased population and urban development has resulted in increased gap in demands and supply of necessary infrastructure services. Reduces the ability to respond to disasters and affects the cities resilience to natural and man-made disasters.

17 MakingCitiesResilient: MyCity is GettingReady! ( ) World Disaster Reduction Campaign By UNISDR Launched in 2010 in Bonn Building on the previous World Disaster Reduction Campaign Safer Schools and Hospitals Objectives: Achieve resilient, sustainable urban communities through actions taken by local governments to reduce disaster risk Know More Invest Wisely Build More Safely

18 MakingCitiesResilient: MyCity is GettingReady! Ten-Point check list Essentials for Making Cities Resilient 1. Put in place organization & coordination to clarify everyone s roles & responsibilities. 2. Assign a budget & provide incentives for homeowners, low- income families, private sector to invest in risk reduction. 3. Update data on hazards & vulnerabilities, prepare & share risk assessments. 4. Invest in & maintain critical infrastructure, such as storm drainage. 5. Assess the safety of all schools and health facilities & upgrade these as necessary (1 million safe schools).

19 MakingCitiesResilient: MyCity is GettingReady! Ten-Point check list Essentials for Making Cities Resilient contd 6. Enforce risk-compliant building regulations & land use planning principles, identify safe land for low-income citizens. 7. Ensure education programmes & training on disaster risk reduction are in place in schools and local communities. 8. Protect ecosystems & natural buffers to mitigate hazards, adapt to climate change. 9. Install early warning systems & emergency management capacities. 10. After any disaster, ensure that the needs of the affected population are at the centre of reconstruction.

20 Mumbai Urban Floods 2005

21 Mumbai Bomb Blasts 2006

22 Mumbai Bomb Blasts 2008

23 Mumbai Bomb Blasts 2008

24 Delhi Bomb Blasts 2008

25 Building Collapse in Delhi 2010

26 Building Collapse in Mumbai 2013

27 Cold Waves in Delhi

28 Floods in Delhi

29 AMRI Hospital Fire Kolkata

30 Market Fire in Kolkata

31 Gujarat Earthquake : Ahmedabad 2001

32 AhmedabadBomb Blast 2008

33 Hyderabad Bomb Blast

34 Building Collapse in Hyderabad 2013

35 JaipurBomb Blast 2008

36 PuneBomb Blast 2010

37 Gaya, Bihar Bomb Blasts 2013

38 Varanasi Bomb Blasts 2010

39 Sikkim earthquake

40 Jammu & Kashmir, Urban Flooding,Sept.2014 Contd.

41 Jammu & Kashmir, Urban Flooding,Sept.2014 Hospitals severely affected in Srinagar Due to the massive Urban flooding. Contd. Medical services disrupted for number of days, In the affected region.

42 Cyclone Hudhud, October 2014 Damage to Vizag city infrastructure Roads, Port, Airport 42

43 Key Challenges of Indian Cities High concentration of population Inadequate Infrastructure Multi-Hazard proneness Inadequate emergency response machinery and fire services Terrorist activities/ unrest Rapid urbanization Unsafe construction Improper drainage, waste management Lack of available resources (trained manpower etc) Unprepared to deal with extreme events Lack of Pre Hospital care and trained First Responders Lack of regulations on EMS Lack of enforcement on technological regime

44 What should be done..? Robust land use planning Make the lifeline buildings safe Retrofitting of critical infrastructure Prepare and institutionalize city disaster management plan Capacity development of ESFs Inter agency coordination Conduct simulation exercises Strict enforcement of techno legal regime Community based disaster initiatives Massive awareness about DRR measures

45 CITY PLANS FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION - Perspectives - Technology driven - Community oriented - Participatory, involving civil society groups and other stakeholders

46 IGL S INITIATIVES FOR CONSUMER SAFETY THE KEY TO CONSUMER SAFETY IS TO EDUCATE THEM AND MAKE THEM AWARE ABOUT THEIR SAFETY & THEIR FUEL

47 IGL S INITIATIVES FOR CONSUMER SAFETY

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50 Earthquake Safety Initiative Information sharing on disaster resistant construction Application of building codes Retrofitting of critical facilities Non-structural mitigation Training of Engineers, Architects, Masons Proper designing and construction of Open Ground Spaces Awareness in schools, colleges, universities, public places about earthquake safety

51 Emergency Management Exercise (EMEx) EMEx is a standard, extended learning exercise for various systems and sub-systems of Emergency Management Services (U-EMS). The aim is to improve emergency preparedness by building technical capacity of emergency support functions (ESFs) to launch coordinated, timely andadequate response to known and unforeseen disasters.

52 Objectives of EMEx Mass sensitization and public awareness on Urban Emergency Management Services (U-EMS). Capacity enhancement of different stakeholders involved in emergency management and response Develop a resource pool of master-trainers in different domains of Emergency Management. Test inter-agency communication, coordination and inter-operability. Assess and recommend areas for reinforcement and improvement. Develop a perspective plan (long term) for U-EMS in the area.

53 Components of EMEx 1. Pre EMEx Mobilization Preparation workshops to review existing plans and SOPs 2. Trainings All the academic tracks are undertaken in a Train the Trainer mode. Creation of a pool of resource trainers at local level. 3. Table-Top Simulations Provide an opportunity for all the stakeholders to work together in a coordinated response to a city disaster.

54 Components of EMEx 4. Field Drills Real-time simulation of a mass casualty event involving multi-agency coordination and response. 5. Debriefing Post-drill hot-wash which assists in identifying the strengths and weaknesses in current plans. This would help to identify areas needing further training and capacity building. 6. Evaluation Domestic and international experts in disaster management are invited to observe and evaluate the entire exercise and to make recommendations for future improvements.

55 Capacity Building Tracks 1. Community Based Disaster Relief and Response 2. Multi-Sectoral Need Assessment in Emergencies 3. School Disaster Preparedness 4. Higher Education Preparedness 5. Incident Response System 6. Inter-Agency Communication & Coordination 7. Chemical and Industrial Disaster Preparedness 8. Search and Rescue 9. Hospital Safety and Disaster Management Planning 10. Emergency Medical Services 11. Emergency Nursing Care 12. First Responder Training 13. Public Health in Emergencies 14. Comprehensive Trauma Life Support 15. MISP 16. Management of Dead 17. Training for Engineers on Earthquake Safety

56 EMEx sconducted Till Date CEMEx = Conducted in August 2011 in Chennai GEMEx = Conducted in November 2012 in Guwahati DEMEx = Conducted in December 2012 in Delhi JEMEx = Conducted in April 2013 in Jorhat SiEMEx = Conducted in November 2013 in Silchar DiEMEx = Conducted in February 2014 in Dibrugarh

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58 Table Top Exercise

59 Field Drill

60 Debriefing

61 Outcomes of EMEx Capacity Building of Stakeholders Strengthening Inter-Agency Coordination Strengthen Contingency Planning Plan, Prepare and Rehearse Emergency Response

62 HOW TO SUCCEED FOR MAKING CITIES SAFE TAKE DISASTER REDUCTION MEASURES ON PRIORITY DEVELOP CAPACITY FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR ESFs INVOLVE DECISION MAKERS AND COMMUNITY NO CITY CAN REDUCE ITS DISASTER IMPACTS WITHOUT A LONG-TERM STRATEGIC PLANNING AND EFFORTS.

63 Risk Reduction Planning Framework Risk & Vulnerability Assessment Mitigation Counter measures Risk Reduction Policy frame& Implementation DevelopSOPs for Multi-hazard Risk Reduction Strategies for making cities safe

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65 Not my job!

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67 Vulnerability to disaster is growing faster than resilience. Disaster risk reduction should be an everyday concern for everybody. Let us all invest today for safer tomorrow. - Ban Ki Moon, Secretary General, United Nations

68 If I have the belief that I can do it, I shall surely acquire the capacity to do it even if I may not have it at the beginning. - Mahatma Gandhi

69 Thank you!