Challenge Biomedical Science Immunology. Bird Flu
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- Daisy Stafford
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1 Bird Flu The year is The H5N1 virus has been found in a human case in Donegal and the government in Northern Ireland have been advised that it is very likely the virus will travel into this country. The government wish to elect a team of people who will be chiefly in charge of the Bird Flu crisis in Northern Ireland. You will each pick a card from the pack and take on this role for the duration of the task. Join up with other pupils (from the other groups) who also have this role and together you will form a political party and look at the strategies which other countries have put into place and decide on the best possible policy for Northern Ireland. Make sure to stay in role while you re doing this! Each group needs to write a 30 second TV broadcast about their policy, which you will present to the other groups and which will be filmed and posted to your school. The group with the best policy will be voted into the government. Please take a card and move to the correct group.
2 and share them with your group. Choose 1 or 2 pupils to present a 30 second broadcast about your policy outlining the whole parties TWO MOST IMPORTANT objectives and why. NETHERLANDS National pandemic plan in place. All poultry ordered to be kept indoors. The government is considering a mass vaccination programme for domestic birds. Bird fairs and poultry markets have been banned. Lorries used to transport poultry outside the Netherlands must be disinfected. The Netherlands proposes EU-wide research. Negotiations to deliver vaccines under way with pharmaceutical companies. Stocks of 2.6 million doses of vaccine were expected to be in place by the end of 2005, with another 2.4 million doses to be bought by early 2007.
3 and share them with your group. Choose 1 or 2 pupils to present a 30 second broadcast about your policy outlining the whole parties TWO MOST IMPORTANT objectives and why. RUSSIA Avian flu plan adopted in August 2005 after first cases in Siberia. Protective suits and training in recognising symptoms recommended for people working with birds. In future there will be no chicken farm workers over 60, or with chronic cardiac or lung conditions. Mass culls have followed outbreaks in other provinces, including Dagestan. Poultry to be vaccinated from March in certain high-risk areas. Research into vaccines is taking place, but details are a secret under Russian laws. Sufficient stocks of vaccine for each of its 150 million citizens. Drugs for treating people against ordinary flu are also being stockpiled. Only trained doctors and biologists may work with birds showing avian flu symptoms. They must wear full protection suits. Ordinary people are discouraged from approaching places where there has been bird flu. Security measures are to be stepped up at airports and borders and scientists have warned Russians not to go to Turkey on holiday.
4 and share them with your group. Choose 1 or 2 pupils to present a 30 second broadcast about your policy outlining the whole parties TWO MOST IMPORTANT objectives and why. TURKEY National bird-flu action plan drawn up in Mass bird cull taking place in affected regions and international experts sent to find out how quickly virus is spreading. Several human cases reported, four fatal. TV broadcasts, a telephone hotline and leaflets used to boost public awareness of the disease. Imports of birds and poultry products from Greece, Iran and Romania banned. No vaccine being developed in Turkey, which imports up to 300,000 doses of ordinary flu vaccine a year. Turkish health ministry was said to have 15,000 courses of Tamiflu antiviral medication, with another 100,000 on order, as of January. Many people keep a few chickens in their yards, making it virtually impossible to police hygiene standards. Russia has advised citizens not to travel to Turkey, and Iran closed one of the crossings on its border with Turkey. Greece has imposed border checks and disinfection of lorries crossing from Turkey.
5 and share them with your group. Choose 1 or 2 pupils to present a 30 second broadcast about your policy outlining the whole parties TWO MOST IMPORTANT objectives and why. CHINA An emergency plan using four levels of alert - red (very serious), orange (serious), yellow (somewhat serious) and blue (normal) is in place. Agricultural authorities must monitor areas at most risk of avian flu. China has been vaccinating its poultry - some 14 billion ducks and chickens - against bird flu. It says is has developed a much cheaper, domestically developed bird flu vaccine for animals, and hoped to produce a billion doses by the end of Import ban imposed on birds and bird products from H5N1 affected countries. Surveillance increased on major migration routes. A Chinese company says it has begun trials of a vaccine against H5N1 for humans, though scientists caution it is difficult to prepare such a vaccine before the precise strain of any virus that might be transmissible from human to human is known. Bird flu patients are being treated with Tamiflu, Amantadine, and Rimantadine (anti-viral drugs) according to their symptoms. China is trying to stockpile drugs, but the number of doses is not available. Establish closer links between health and agriculture ministries established, to fight bird flu.
6 and share them with your group. Choose 1 or 2 pupils to present a 30 second broadcast about your policy outlining the whole parties TWO MOST IMPORTANT objectives and why. INDONESIA Urgent and free hospital treatment for people who test positive for bird flu. People are asked to keep their homes and areas where birds are kept clean. Chicken should be prepared properly and any deaths of chickens should be reported. All birds living within a half-mile (1km) radius of a confirmed bird flu case will be slaughtered. Indonesia had about 30,000 doses of Tamiflu (an antiviral drug for flu prevention and flu treatment) available as of October These will be distributed through 44 hospitals and, by prescription, through pharmacies. From the start of 2007 until February any flu virus samples from Indonesia were not shared with the World Health Organisation (WHO) to prevent rich countries from benefiting from vaccines developed with samples from poor countries. The flu samples given to the WHO would be used by pharmaceutical companies to develop a vaccine, which would then be too expensive for the poorer countries to buy. In February 2007 Indonesia announced that they will provide H5N1 samples to the US pharmaceutical company Baxter s, in exchange for their expertise in vaccine production. Other organizations would have access to Indonesian samples provided they agree not to use the viruses for "commercial" purposes (i.e. make a profit from them). Teams of vets go door-to-door to educate farmers on how to protect themselves and their chickens from bird flu. The education programme should help stop the spread of the disease. Indonesia opposes mass culling due to the costs involved and the huge number of people who keep a small number of chickens.
7 and share them with your group. Choose 1 or 2 pupils to present a 30 second broadcast about your policy outlining the whole parties TWO MOST IMPORTANT objectives and why. KAZAKHSTAN Following cases of bird flu near the Russian border, several thousand birds were destroyed and quarantine enforced. Wild and domestic fowl have been tested to check for the presence of bird flu. The government is prepared to import vaccine if necessary. Laboratories have been given funds to buy protective clothing and equipment. Kazakhstan produces few drugs, and no research into vaccines is being done. There are no figures available on anti-viral stockpiles. Money has been provided to buy vaccines from abroad in case bird flu spreads in the country. Some chicken farms have bought stocks of vaccine. Kazakhstan lies on three main flyways for migratory bird species, but there is not much public discussion of bird flu. Wildlife officers have been told to watch for sick or dying birds. The autumn hunting season was delayed by a month to prevent contact between dying birds and humans.
8 below and decide which aspects, in your roles opinion, are appropriate for the and share them with your group. Choose 1 or 2 pupils to present a 30 second broadcast about your policy outlining the whole parties TWO MOST IMPORTANT objectives and why. ROMANIA Measures in place since October 2005 include establishing local and national committees for intervention. GPs are on alert to isolate anyone infected and advice has been given to the public. Anyone traveling to countries with human infection is to be given anti-viral drugs. Hunting of wild birds has been banned in certain areas. Border controls are in place. Romania believes it is ready to manufacture a vaccine, but that it would need World Health Organization approval. The state had 500,000 anti-viral doses, of which it had distributed 300,000. A further one million are on order. It has about 15,000 capsules of the anti-viral Tamiflu. Special measures enforced in areas affected by bird flu include a cull of house birds, quarantine, vaccines for inhabitants, disinfectant spraying of vehicles and a ban on activities like fishing. The virus has been found in 33 sites nationwide, and more than 150,000 birds have been culled since the first discovery of the virus in October 05. Romania is judged to be at risk of developing human infection because half the population lives in poor rural areas without good sanitation.
9 and share them with your group. Choose 1 or 2 pupils to present a 30 second broadcast about your policy outlining the whole parties TWO MOST IMPORTANT objectives and why. World Health Organisation Situation Assessment 1. Risk of Pandemic great 2. Risk will persist 3. Early warning system is weak - no compensation to farmers therefore no incentive to report deaths - antiviral drugs are in short supply - lab support weak and expensive Recommendations 1. Reduce opportunities for human infection. 2. Strengthen system for early warning system. - training for doctors, nurses, farmers and vets etc. 3. Contain or delay the spread. - stockpile anti-viral drugs - create a thorough delivery system 4. Stop social panic - close schools and mass gatherings - vaccinate people on the front line, e.g. doctors or nurses 5. Research into the bird flu strain and producing vaccine
10 Party Broadcast Party Name. As a party what are your 2 main objectives and why?
11 Infectious Disease Expert Bird Flu Time Line Dec 03 Jan 04 Feb 04 Jul 04 Oct 04 Dec 04 Goose in China has H5N1 Jan 05 Outbreaks in Hong Kong. First human cases. (6 die) Feb 05 Outbreaks in South Korea. Vietnam cases. (3 die) Mar Japan, Cambodia and Thailand report human cases. April 05 China and Indonesia report Bird Flu in poultry May 05 Virus becomes more lethal for animals Scientist discovers ducks are carrying virus but are not sick. Total of 49 human cases and 35 deaths. June 05 Jul 05 Aug 05 First humanto-human infection in Thailand First human deaths in Cambodia UK starts to gather antiviral drugs Thousand of water birds die in China Vietnam starts vaccinating poultry China threatens with legal action to anyone who is collecting dead birds without reporting them Indonesia had first human case and Russia reports first poultry cases. Kazakhstan hit by bird flu in poultry Oct 05 Nov 05 Dec 05 Jan 06 Feb 06 Turkey, Croatia and Romania infected. British find bird flu in imported birds UN meet for Pandemic plan 143 human cases and 76 deaths. Concern over vaccine stockpiles Turks and Iraqi Kurds start dying Bird Flu reaches Africa and much of Europe. Europe brings birds indoors away from migrating birds, except UK
12 Challenge Biomedical Science Immunology Member of the public You have been reading the different newspapers telling you about bird flu, but you want the facts about the real risks. You think people should be told the truth about Bird Flu and then be allowed to make their own decision. You want to know if it is safe to eat chicken and how likely it is that you could catch Bird Flu. There have been some cases were Bird Flu has been transmitted from human- to- human and if the virus changes so that this can happen all the time, then it will be extremely dangerous. More than half of humans infected by Bird Flu actually die! Challenge Biomedical Science Immunology Recovered Chinese Bird Flu Patient You were very lucky and your symptoms were treated early and you survived. You worked in a slaughter house where poultry were killed, gutted and plucked. You were given the antiviral drug, Tamilflu but the doctors were unsure if it would work as some resistant strains of the virus have formed. You think more information is needed to help those working with poultry so they can protect themselves. You think that many people could be saved by a vaccine. Challenge Biomedical Science Immunology Poultry Farmer You only earn money through selling your chickens and eggs to Farm Feds, (a local chicken factory.) You have four children and a wife to support and you are the only earner in the family. You are very worried that bird flu will come to Northern Ireland and your 10,000 birds will have to be killed, burned and your farm disinfected. It goes beyond the government just giving money for losses incurred. The appropriate thing to do is also to ensure that we control the spread as a country. Government/poultry farmers collaboration is vital! Challenge Biomedical Science Immunology Infectious Disease Expert All the fundamental events have happened for the start of a pandemic except the move of the virus from human-tohuman transmission. Each new human case gives the virus an opportunity to change towards this. You are worried that if the spread is not stopped the world will have a pandemic on their hands and Northern Ireland will not be prepared.
13 Challenge Biomedical Science Immunology Owner of a Chicken Factory Your business is based solely on consumer habits and the Bird Flu scare could make the public very frightened of eating any chicken. This will seriously affect your business and you are greatly concerned with the information which will be given to public about the outbreak. You want the government to put in place measures which ensure consumers are given accurate information about the safety of the food they eat. Challenge Biomedical Science Immunology Vet You have been a vet in Donegal for 15 years working with all types of farmers. You know that thousands of birds may have to be killed or put into quarantine if bird flu comes to Northern Ireland. You think that, in order to stop the spread of the disease, birds would need to be killed or vaccinated. Otherwise more and more birds will become infected leaving more chance for it being transmitted to other animals or to humans. Wild birds are carrying the disease without showing signs of symptoms proving them to be very dangerous. Challenge Biomedical Science Immunology Experienced Doctor You worked in Vietnam in 2004 for 6 months during the H5N1 outbreak. You are quite aware of the dangers of this virus and you think that Doctors in Northern Ireland are not prepared, as decisions must be made based on the first patient assessment on admission to hospital, There is no time to wait 12 hours on lab results. Peoples lives are in danger. Challenge Biomedical Science Immunology Pharmaceutical Company Owner Your company produce the antiviral drugs which could be used to fight a bird Flu epidemic. The government have purchased 14.6million courses so far and if a vaccine is developed once the strain has been identified you will benefit greatly.
14 Bird Flu The year is The H5N1 virus has been found in a human case in Donegal and the government in Northern Ireland have been advised that it is very likely the virus will travel into this country. The government wish to elect a team of people who will be chiefly in charge of the Bird Flu crisis in Northern Ireland. You will each pick a card from the pack and take on this role for the duration of the task. Join up with other pupils (from the other groups) who also have this role and together you will form a political party and look at the strategies which other countries have put into place and decide on the best possible policy for Northern Ireland. Make sure to stay in role while you re doing this! Each group needs to write a 30 second TV broadcast about their policy, which you will present to the other groups and which will be filmed and posted to your school. The group with the best policy will be voted into the government. Please take a card and move to the correct group.
15 and share them with your group. Choose 1 or 2 pupils to present a 30 second broadcast about your policy outlining the whole parties TWO MOST IMPORTANT objectives and why. NETHERLANDS National pandemic plan in place. All poultry ordered to be kept indoors. The government is considering a mass vaccination programme for domestic birds. Bird fairs and poultry markets have been banned. Lorries used to transport poultry outside the Netherlands must be disinfected. The Netherlands proposes EU-wide research. Negotiations to deliver vaccines under way with pharmaceutical companies. Stocks of 2.6 million doses of vaccine were expected to be in place by the end of 2005, with another 2.4 million doses to be bought by early 2007.
16 and share them with your group. Choose 1 or 2 pupils to present a 30 second broadcast about your policy outlining the whole parties TWO MOST IMPORTANT objectives and why. RUSSIA Avian flu plan adopted in August 2005 after first cases in Siberia. Protective suits and training in recognising symptoms recommended for people working with birds. In future there will be no chicken farm workers over 60, or with chronic cardiac or lung conditions. Mass culls have followed outbreaks in other provinces, including Dagestan. Poultry to be vaccinated from March in certain high-risk areas. Research into vaccines is taking place, but details are a secret under Russian laws. Sufficient stocks of vaccine for each of its 150 million citizens. Drugs for treating people against ordinary flu are also being stockpiled. Only trained doctors and biologists may work with birds showing avian flu symptoms. They must wear full protection suits. Ordinary people are discouraged from approaching places where there has been bird flu. Security measures are to be stepped up at airports and borders and scientists have warned Russians not to go to Turkey on holiday.
17 and share them with your group. Choose 1 or 2 pupils to present a 30 second broadcast about your policy outlining the whole parties TWO MOST IMPORTANT objectives and why. TURKEY National bird-flu action plan drawn up in Mass bird cull taking place in affected regions and international experts sent to find out how quickly virus is spreading. Several human cases reported, four fatal. TV broadcasts, a telephone hotline and leaflets used to boost public awareness of the disease. Imports of birds and poultry products from Greece, Iran and Romania banned. No vaccine being developed in Turkey, which imports up to 300,000 doses of ordinary flu vaccine a year. Turkish health ministry was said to have 15,000 courses of Tamiflu antiviral medication, with another 100,000 on order, as of January. Many people keep a few chickens in their yards, making it virtually impossible to police hygiene standards. Russia has advised citizens not to travel to Turkey, and Iran closed one of the crossings on its border with Turkey. Greece has imposed border checks and disinfection of lorries crossing from Turkey.
18 and share them with your group. Choose 1 or 2 pupils to present a 30 second broadcast about your policy outlining the whole parties TWO MOST IMPORTANT objectives and why. CHINA An emergency plan using four levels of alert - red (very serious), orange (serious), yellow (somewhat serious) and blue (normal) is in place. Agricultural authorities must monitor areas at most risk of avian flu. China has been vaccinating its poultry - some 14 billion ducks and chickens - against bird flu. It says is has developed a much cheaper, domestically developed bird flu vaccine for animals, and hoped to produce a billion doses by the end of Import ban imposed on birds and bird products from H5N1 affected countries. Surveillance increased on major migration routes. A Chinese company says it has begun trials of a vaccine against H5N1 for humans, though scientists caution it is difficult to prepare such a vaccine before the precise strain of any virus that might be transmissible from human to human is known. Bird flu patients are being treated with Tamiflu, Amantadine, and Rimantadine (anti-viral drugs) according to their symptoms. China is trying to stockpile drugs, but the number of doses is not available. Establish closer links between health and agriculture ministries established, to fight bird flu.
19 and share them with your group. Choose 1 or 2 pupils to present a 30 second broadcast about your policy outlining the whole parties TWO MOST IMPORTANT objectives and why. INDONESIA Urgent and free hospital treatment for people who test positive for bird flu. People are asked to keep their homes and areas where birds are kept clean. Chicken should be prepared properly and any deaths of chickens should be reported. All birds living within a half-mile (1km) radius of a confirmed bird flu case will be slaughtered. Indonesia had about 30,000 doses of Tamiflu (an antiviral drug for flu prevention and flu treatment) available as of October These will be distributed through 44 hospitals and, by prescription, through pharmacies. From the start of 2007 until February any flu virus samples from Indonesia were not shared with the World Health Organisation (WHO) to prevent rich countries from benefiting from vaccines developed with samples from poor countries. The flu samples given to the WHO would be used by pharmaceutical companies to develop a vaccine, which would then be too expensive for the poorer countries to buy. In February 2007 Indonesia announced that they will provide H5N1 samples to the US pharmaceutical company Baxter s, in exchange for their expertise in vaccine production. Other organizations would have access to Indonesian samples provided they agree not to use the viruses for "commercial" purposes (i.e. make a profit from them). Teams of vets go door-to-door to educate farmers on how to protect themselves and their chickens from bird flu. The education programme should help stop the spread of the disease. Indonesia opposes mass culling due to the costs involved and the huge number of people who keep a small number of chickens.
20 and share them with your group. Choose 1 or 2 pupils to present a 30 second broadcast about your policy outlining the whole parties TWO MOST IMPORTANT objectives and why. KAZAKHSTAN Following cases of bird flu near the Russian border, several thousand birds were destroyed and quarantine enforced. Wild and domestic fowl have been tested to check for the presence of bird flu. The government is prepared to import vaccine if necessary. Laboratories have been given funds to buy protective clothing and equipment. Kazakhstan produces few drugs, and no research into vaccines is being done. There are no figures available on anti-viral stockpiles. Money has been provided to buy vaccines from abroad in case bird flu spreads in the country. Some chicken farms have bought stocks of vaccine. Kazakhstan lies on three main flyways for migratory bird species, but there is not much public discussion of bird flu. Wildlife officers have been told to watch for sick or dying birds. The autumn hunting season was delayed by a month to prevent contact between dying birds and humans.
21 below and decide which aspects, in your roles opinion, are appropriate for the and share them with your group. Choose 1 or 2 pupils to present a 30 second broadcast about your policy outlining the whole parties TWO MOST IMPORTANT objectives and why. ROMANIA Measures in place since October 2005 include establishing local and national committees for intervention. GPs are on alert to isolate anyone infected and advice has been given to the public. Anyone traveling to countries with human infection is to be given anti-viral drugs. Hunting of wild birds has been banned in certain areas. Border controls are in place. Romania believes it is ready to manufacture a vaccine, but that it would need World Health Organization approval. The state had 500,000 anti-viral doses, of which it had distributed 300,000. A further one million are on order. It has about 15,000 capsules of the anti-viral Tamiflu. Special measures enforced in areas affected by bird flu include a cull of house birds, quarantine, vaccines for inhabitants, disinfectant spraying of vehicles and a ban on activities like fishing. The virus has been found in 33 sites nationwide, and more than 150,000 birds have been culled since the first discovery of the virus in October 05. Romania is judged to be at risk of developing human infection because half the population lives in poor rural areas without good sanitation.
22 Challenge Biomedical Science Immunology and share them with your group. Choose 1 or 2 pupils to present a 30 second broadcast about your policy outlining the whole parties TWO MOST IMPORTANT objectives and why. World Health Organisation Situation Assessment 1. Risk of Pandemic great 2. Risk will persist 3. Early warning system is weak - no compensation to farmers therefore no incentive to report deaths - antiviral drugs are in short supply - lab support weak and expensive Recommendations 1. Reduce opportunities for human infection. 2. Strengthen system for early warning system. - training for doctors, nurses, farmers and vets etc. 3. Contain or delay the spread. - stockpile anti-viral drugs - create a thorough delivery system 4. Stop social panic - close schools and mass gatherings - vaccinate people on the front line, e.g. doctors or nurses 5. Research into the bird flu strain and producing vaccine
23 Party Broadcast Party Name. As a party what are your 2 main objectives and why?
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