Table of Contents. Chapter 1: Al-Fatiha Chapter 2: Al-Baqara Index 1: The Ten Commandments in the Quran Chapter 3: Al-Imran...

Transcription

1

2 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Al-Fatiha... 6 Chapter 2: Al-Baqara... 7 Index 1: The Ten Commandments in the Quran Chapter 3: Al-Imran Chapter 4: Al-Nisa Chapter 5: Al-Ma ida Chapter 6: Al-An Am Chapter 7: Al-Araf Chapter 8: Al-Anfal Index 2: First 10 Parts of the Quran Chapter 9: At-Tauba Chapter 10: Yunus Chapter 11: Hud Chapter 12: Yusuf Chapter 13: Ar-Ra d Chapter 14: Ibraheem Chapter 15: Al-Hijr Chapter 16: Al-Nahel Chapter 17: Al-Isra Chapter 18: Al-Kahf Chapter 19: Maryam Index 3: Jesus in the Quran/The Qur anic Position on Christianity Chapter 20: Taha

3 Chapter 21: Al-Anbiyaa Chapter 22: Al-Hajj Chapter 23: Mu minun Chapter 24: Al-Nur Chapter 25: Al-Furqaan Chapter 26: Al-Shu ara Chapter 27: Al-Naml Chapter 28: Al-Qasas Chapter 29: Al-Ankabut Chapter 30: Ar-Rum Chapter 31: Luqman Chapter 32: As-Sajda Chapters 33-38: Submit Chapter 33: Al-Ahzab Chapter 34: Saba Chapter 35: Fatir Chapter 36: Ya-Seen Chapter 37: As-Saffat Chapter 38: Sad Chapter 39: Az-Zumar Chapter 40: Ghafer Chapter s 41-46: A Common Theme Overview Chapter 41: Fussilat Chapter 42: Ashura Chapter 43: Az-Zukhruf

4 Chapter 44: Ad-Dukhan Chapter 45: Al-Jathyia Chapter 46: Al-Ahqaf Chapters 47-49: Three Major Themes: Chapter 47: Muhammad Chapter 48: Al-Fath Chapter 49: Al-Hujurat Chapter 50: Qaf Part 27 (Chapters 51-57): Common Main Theme: Faith Chapter 51: Adh-Dhariyat Chapter 52: At-Tur Chapter 53: Al-Najem Chapter 54: Al-Qamar Chapter 55: Al-Rahman Chapter 56: Al Waqiah Chapter 57: Al-Hadeed Part 28: Chapters 58-66: The Muslim Identity Chapter 58: Al-Mujadilah Chapter 59: Al-Hasher Chapter 60: Al-Mumtahanah Chapter 61: As-Saff Chapter 62: Al-Jummuah Chapter 63: Al Munafiqoon Chapter 64: At-Taghabun Chapter 65: At-Talaq

5 Chapter 66: At-Tahreen Part 29: Chapters 67-77: Main Theme: Calling People to God Part 30: Chapters : The Last Section of the Quran

6 Chapter 1: Al-Fatiha 7 Verses 1) Name of Chapter: Al-Fatiha (Opening Chapter). 2) Main Theme: Al-Fatiha contains all of the themes of the Quran. 3) Chapter Notes: Known as the Magnificent 7 since it has seven verses. Known as The Prayers since Muslims repeat it in all of their five daily prayers. Known as the Comprehensive One, since all the themes of The Quran are in it. 1) Creed 2) Worship 3) Practice Known as a Conversation with God Half praises of God. Half prayer (request) from God. Known as the key of the Quran, or the key of Islam, since it unlocks the entire meaning of life. 4) Subtitles: All seven verses are seven different subtitles. 5) Interfaith Note: Scholars say that this chapter is a summary of the Old and New Testament. It all boils down to verse 5: You (only) we worship and (only) your help we seek. A balance of faith + deeds. 6

7 1) Name of Chapter: Al-Baqara (The Cow). Chapter 2: Al-Baqara (Medinite) 286 Verses 2) Main Theme: Man as the steward of earth. 3) Chapter Notes: With 286 verses, Al-Baqara is the longest chapter in the Quran. It contains the longest verse in the Quran, verse 282, known as the Verse of Debt. It contains the verse of the Most Magnificent, known as verse of the CHAIR : verse 255. Those who memorize this chapter will be eligible to lead prayers (an Imam). This chapter, and the following chapter, is known as the intercessor chapter. They intercede for those who memorize them. The name of the chapter refers to Moses story with a murdered man: He told the Children of Israel to slaughter a cow to reveal the killer. 4) Subtitles: A) Introduction: The Three Types of People (2:1-20) Believers (The qualities of believers) (2:1-5). Disbelievers (The qualities of disbelievers) (2:6-7). Hypocrites (The qualities of hypocrites) (2:8-20). B) The Experience of the First Steward Adam was the first Khalifah (2:30). Adam taught all names. (2:31). (Contrast with Bible). Adam s encounter with Satan (2:36). (Contrast with Bible) Man s descent to earth (2:38). C) The Experience of the Children of Israel (A Failed Stewardship) A summary of favors God gave to the Children of Israel (2:47-57) Mistakes of the Children of Israel (2:55). The story of the calf, and arguing for the sake of arguing. D) Abraham, An Example Leader to Humanity (Prime Example of Stewardship) Leader, or Imam, to humanity (2:124). Passes stewardship to progeny (2:133). Interfaith moment (2:136): Believe in all prophets, books, and oneness of message. E) The Uniqueness of Nation of Muslims (Message Continued With Unique Identity) Change of Qibla (the direction of prayer) (2:142). Experimental tests (2:143). Moderation and balance of Islam (2:143). 7

8 The definition of Moderation: A balance between rituals, belief, and practice. (2:177). F) New Legislation/Finance/Penal/Ritual/Defense/Family Punishments for murder (2:178). Inheritance (2:180). Fasting (2:187). Defense (2: ). Budget for defense (2:195). Prayers (2:238). Marriage and divorce (2:241). Prohibition of interest and usury (2:276). Severe punishment for dealing with interest (2: ). Debts and contracts (2:282). 5) Closure: The Prayer of Obedience (2:285) The Children of Israel (2:93) A General Prayer (2:286) 8

9 Notes: 9

10 Index 1: The Ten Commandments in the Quran Islam (Submission to the will of God) is the same and only religion ever given to the human race. It is the religion of Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Ishmael, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, David, Solomon, Jesus, Mohamed, and all the other messengers mentioned or not mentioned in the scripture. The Ten Commandments as we see them here are not any more than the same message given to the prophet Mohamed. See the following table. The Ten Commandments (Exodus 12: 1-17 & Deuteronomy 5: 6-21) 1 Thou shall not take any god except one God. Confirmation in the Quran (Chapter: Verse) 1 There is no other god besides GOD, (47:19). He is the one God; there is no other god beside Him (28:70). 2 Thou shall make no image of God. 2 There is nothing that equals (like) Him (42:11). No visions can encompass Him, but He encompasses all visions. He is the Compassionate, the Cognizant (6:103). My Lord, make this a peaceful land, and protect me and my children from worshiping idols (14:35). 3 Thou shall not use God s name in vain. 3 Do not subject God s name to your casual swearing, that you may appear righteous, pious, or to attain credibility among the people (2:224). 4 Thou shall honor thy mother and father. 4.and your parents shall be honored. As long as one or both of them live, you shall never say to them, Uff (the slightest gesture of annoyance), nor shall you shout at them; you shall treat them amicably (17:23). 5 Thou shall not steal. 5 The thief, male or female, you shall mark their hands as a punishment for their crime, and to serve as an example from GOD. GOD is Almighty, Most Wise (5:38-39). 6 Thou shall not lie or give false testimony. 6 incurs GOD s condemnation upon 10

11 him, if he was lying (24:7). Do not withhold any testimony by concealing what you had witnessed. Anyone who withholds a testimony is sinful at heart (2:283). O you who believe, you shall be absolutely equitable, and observe GOD when you serve as witnesses, even against yourselves, or your parents, or your relatives. Whether the accused is rich or poor, GOD takes care of both. Therefore, do not be biased by your personal wishes. If you deviate or disregard (this commandment), then GOD is fully Cognizant of everything you do (4:135). 7 Thou shall not kill. 7.anyone who murders any person who has not committed murder or horrendous crimes, it shall be as if he murdered all the people (5:32). You shall not kill any person for God has made life sacred except in the course of justice. If one is killed unjustly, then we give his heir authority to enforce justice. Thus, he shall not exceed the limits in avenging the murder, he will be helped (17:33). 8 Thou shall not commit adultery. 8 You shall not commit adultery; it is a gross sin, and an evil behavior (17:32). 9 Thou shall not covet thy neighbor s wife or possessions. 9 You shall regard the parents, the relatives, the orphans, the poor, the related neighbor, the unrelated neighbor, the close associate, the traveling alien, and your servants (4:36). And do not covet what we bestowed upon any other people. Such are temporary ornaments of this life, whereby we put them to the test. What your Lord provides for you is far better, 11

12 and everlasting (20:131). 10 Thou shall keep the Sabbath holy. 10 *The Sabbath was relinquished with the revelation of the Quran. We are told in the Quran that the Sabbath was only decreed for the Jews (16:124). God, however, ordered us to make every effort and drop all businesses to attend the congregational (Friday) prayer. The Submitters may tend to their business during the rest of the day. O you who believe, when the Congregational Prayer (Salat Al- Jumu ah) is announced on Friday, you shall hasten to the commemoration of GOD, and drop all business (62:9). 12

13 Chapter 3: Al-Imran (Medinite) 200 Verses 1) Name of Chapter: Al-Imran (Family of Imran). Imran is Mary s father s name in Arabic. 2) Main Theme: Steadfastness of principles. 3) Chapter Notes: The first three chapters of the Quran end with prayers. The first and second chapters are called the Twin Flowers. This chapter documents two major historical incidents: 1) The Christian delegation s visit to Prophet Muhammad s mosque to learn about Muslim s belief of Mary, Jesus, The Bible, and etc. 2) The Battle of Uhud incident: The Muslim s second battle that took place in year 625. Verse 3:1-120: The steadfastness of belief. Verse 3: : steadfastness of ground battle. 4) Subtitles: A) Factors of Steadfastness: Knowledge of the scripture (3:7). Prayers of supplication (3:8). Quality vs. quantity (3:13). Surround yourself with the right people (3:52). Vanity (3:103). Avoid disputes (3:105). B) Factors of Defeat: Desires, lust, and wealth (3:14) Temptation of Satan (3:155). C) How to Communicate with People of Faith (Jews and Christians) Common grounds (3:64). Common prophets (3:33, 3:42, 3:84). Logic and comparison (3:59, 3:65-67). Intellect (3:79-80). Avoid stereotyping (3:75, 3:113). D) Bringing Two Parts Together: Muhammad s just a messenger and companion (3:144). Jesus and disciples (3:146). Be with a cause not individual (3:153). 13

14 E) Explanation of the Title of the Chapter, Family of Imran, and its Relationship to Steadfastness. The steadfastness of Mary s mother (3:53). God accepting Mary (3:36-37). It s women who represent steadfastness (3:37-38). 14

15 1) Name of Chapter: Al-Nisa (Women). Chapter 4: Al-Nisa (Medinite) 176 Verses 2) Main Theme: Fairness and justice (especially with the weak). 3) Chapter Notes: Chapter 2: Stewardship and principles. Chapter 3: Steadfast on principles. Chapter 4: Justice for all, especially for the weak, will ensure your leadership. Focus on orphans. Focus on employees. Fairness in inheritance. Focuses on women, as how Arabic society used to treat them as second class citizens. Focus on minorities in society. Focuses on parents as they become elderly. 4) Subtitles: A) We Are All Created From One Soul, and Are All Equal In the Eyes of God: Gender equality, race, and national origin (4:1). Oh Mankind (a general address to humanity) (4:1). Treat orphans with fairness (4:2) Polygamy and justice (4:3). Spending on women, and women s rights (4:4) Managing the wealth of the mentally challenged (whom are underage, and being their guardian) (4:5). Rights of inheritance to men and women alike (4:6-7, 4:11-12). Rights of the poor and needy (4:8). Rights of children (4:9). Warning of being unjust (4:10). B) Women s Rights: No wife (female or male is perfect) (4:19). Divorce and financial obligations (4:20). Heavy contract (mentioned 3 times) (4:21). Prohibition of marrying one s father s ex-wife (4:22). Family s consent in marriage (4:25) Men are to protect, and maintain, women (4:34). C) God the Supreme Justice: God does not oppress anyone (4:40). 15

16 Muslims to be witnesses for, and against, others (4:41). Rule with justice (4:58). The Quran and prophetic tradition, in addition to scholarly interpretation, is the supreme law (4:59). Wage war against oppressors (4:74-75). D) Justice & Fairness Minorities The Quran is a source of justice (4:105). The usual suspect story (4:112). Be just, even if you have to go against yourself or parents. Rich or poor. (4:135). E) Examples of People of the Book injustices: Exaggeration in arguments (Children of Israel) (4:160). Usury and unfair business dealing (Children of Israel) (4:161). Exaggeration in belief (in Jesus) ( ). Closure with severe warning of injustice (4: ). Transgressing. 16

17 Chapter 5: Al-Ma ida (Medinite) 120 verses 1) Name of Chapter: Al Ma ida (Table Spread). A reference to The Last Supper. 2) Main Theme: Fulfill your covenant, contracts, treaties, and promises. Keep your words. 3) Chapter Notes: Al-Maida is the only chapter that starts with Oh you who believe. ( Oh you who believe is mentioned 16 times in this chapter, and 88 times in the entire Quran). It is the last chapter to be revealed after the farewell pilgrimage of Prophet Muhammad, and it is a summary of his farewell address to people. Verse 5:3 is the last verse to be revealed to Muhammad. Both Jesus and Muhammad knew when their time on earth would expire. It contains all the aims of the Shariah Law. Note 1: Connection between previous chapters. Chapter 2: Man s responsibility on earth. Chapter 3: Steadfastness with responsibilities. Chapter 4: Steadfastness requires justice. Chapter 5: Fulfill all that you were told. Note 2: Gradual dialogue with people of the book. Chapter 2: Points out mistakes made by the People of the Book. Chapter 3: Calm, logical dialogue with the People of the Book, and finding common grounds. Chapter 4: Sharp criticism on not exaggerating the belief in Jesus. Chapter 5: Direct statement of Muslim belief in Jesus and the trinity (5:73). Six laws regarding what is lawful (halal), and what is prohibited (haram), are pointed out: 1) Food and dietary restrictions 2) Family and marriage/divorce 3) Creed, ransom, and expiation 4) Rituals 5) Decrees, witnessing, justice, and judgment 6) Interfaith relations (with Jews and Christians) 4) Subtitles: A) Fulfill Your Covenant With God Fulfill your contracts (5:1). Do not change the commands of God for any reason (5:2). Prohibition of certain foods (5:3). 17

18 Lawfulness of eating halal (or kosher) food of the People of the Book, and the permissibility of a Muslim marrying a non-muslim (5:5). B) Fulfill Your Spiritual Connection with God Prayer and ablution (5:6). Justice is a prayer (5:6). Spirituality starts with gratitude, and gratitude leads to forgiveness (5:9-11). C) Example of Previous Nations That Did Not Keep Their Covenant and Promises: The Children of Israel (5:12-13; 5:32). Moses and his struggle with the Children of Israel (5:21-22). The Cain and Abel Story (5:27). The concept of Jihad to fulfill one s covenant with God (5:35, 5:75). D) Muslims Must Have Their Own Identity Concept of wali (5:51). Concept of apostasy (5:54). Concept of taking faith seriously (5:57). Standard is Quran (5:44, 5:45, 5:47, 5:50). E) Do Not Alter God s Symbols and Commands Do not prohibit what God made lawful (5:87-88). Prohibitions of alcohol, gambling, fortune telling, and etc. (5:90). Do not be argumental (5:101). F) Aims of the Sharia Islamic Law: 1) Safeguard of religion (5:54). 2) Safeguard of souls (5:32) 3) Safeguard of intellect (5:90). 4) Safeguard of honor (5:5). 5) Safeguard of public property (5:38). 6) Prohibition of apostasy (5:54) 7) Prohibition of killing/murder (5:32). 8) Prohibition of intoxicants (5:90). 9) Prohibition of adultery and fornication (5:5). 10) Prohibition of theft/robbery/etc. (5:38) G) Connection of New Law and Old Law: Verses : The story of the disciples asking Jesus to bring tangible evidence of God s existence. It was God s command that I will do that but if you disbelieve (break your words) indeed there will be penalties. 18

19 Notes: 19

20 Chapter 6: Al-An Am 165 Verses 1) Name of Chapter: Al-An Am (The Cattle). Cattle were a symbol of wealth in old times. 2) Main Theme: The concept of Tawheed : Oneness of God/Monotheism/Theology. 3) Chapter Notes: It is the only chapter in which all 165 verses were revealed at once, in one night. It addresses in particular idle worshipers. It was believed that seventy-thousand angels accompanied this chapter. This chapter first addresses believers to increase their faith in God. It then addresses seculars, and materialistic individuals. It makes the conclusion that faith is the cause of behavior modification. 4) Subtitles: A) The Capabilities and Mightiness of the Creator God is the Creator (6:1-5). God is the Sustainer (6:12-13). God is the Divine (6:14-16). God is the Witness (6:19). Those who were given the scripture recognize that it s God s words (and therefore the same God). (6:20). Warning of hell fire to disbelievers (6:27, 6:30, 6:31). B) Consoling to Muhammad All other prophets were rejects (6:10, 6:33-34). Pointing out creation of God (6:38). Warning of the Day of Judgment (6:40, 6:44, 6:46-47). C) The Infinite Knowledge and Ability of God He knows all (6:59-61, 6:63, 6:65). He is the Owner of all and the King of all (6:73). Example of Abraham s visit to Syria (6:75, 6:100), and the conclusion that God is the Originator, the Glory, the All Known and Trustee of all affairs Divinity vs. Humanity (6: ). D) Relationship of Cattle and Faith (Monotheism). (6: ). Notion that cattle represent wealth. The Arabs used to claim belief without practicing charity of giving part of their wealth to the poor and needy. Thus, this came to point out that faith alone is not enough in the heart, and that practice is needed. 20

21 E) God and Reason All belong to God, faith, and practice (6: ). Reference to man implementing God s Law on earth as Khalifah stewardship (6: ). 21

22 Chapter 7: Al-Araf 206 verses 1) Name of Chapter: Al-Araf (The Heights) The title is a reference to a place between Heaven and Hell. 2) Main Theme: Make a stand between truth hood and falsehood/good & evil. Do not be a spectator. 3) Chapter Notes: It was revealed after Prophet Muhammad was asked to call people to Islam openly. Starts with the struggle between good and evil, represented by Adam and Satan. It features dialogue between people of Heaven (good people) and people of Hell (evil people). This chapter points out stories of other prophets, and man s, struggles throughout history between good and evil with three distinct conclusions: 1) The struggle between good and bad will never stop. 2) Falsehood will be defeated. 3) Falsehood will be defeated due to disbelief in God, which leads to corruption in all its forms: moral, economical, and social. 4) Subtitles: A) Evangelizing Publically Spread the Quran and Islam openly (7:2). Follow the truth (follow the Quran) (7:3). B) The Struggle Between Good and Evil Will Always Exist Story of Adam, Eve, and Satan (7:20-22). Paradise loss? (7:27). Prohibition of lewd action (7:3). People of paradise and people of hell (7:44). C) The Prophet s Message is One: A) Correct people s belief. B) Resist temptation. C) Destruction of the unbelievers. D) God will save the believers. Worship one true God (7:59). The story of Prophet Saleh (extravagant living). (7:74). The story of Lot, Sodom and Gomorrah, and lewd acts (7:80-81). The story of Shuaib (deceitful business) (7:85). The destruction of disbelievers, and saving believers (7:64; 7:72; 7:83; 7:88). Reference to Moses struggle with Pharaoh (7:104; 7:136). 22

23 D) Prophets Will Struggle With Internal Evil and Good The story of the Children of Israel resisting Moses (7: ). Worshipping golden calf after God saved them (7: ). Not keeping the Sabbath (7: ). E) Man s Innate Nature Points Towards Good and Recognizes Evil Man in the presence of God (7:172). Seek God; He will guide you. (7:205). Not seeking truth is a form of arrogance, and this chapter finishes with first sajdah, or prostration, as a form of humility (7:206). 23

24 Chapter 8: Al-Anfal (Medinite) 75 Verses 1) Name of Chapter: Al-Anfal (Spoils of War). The title is a reference to the Battle of Badr, the first battle Muslims fought in year 624 AD. 2) Main Theme: Victory means to exert the means and depend on God. Do not be passive, only depending on divine intervention; you must prepare yourself. 3) Chapter Notes: Also known as the Chapter of Badr. Revealed immediately after the Battle of Badr. The battle lasted a day that later was known as the day of Furkan, or Criterion; since that day the system of Islam was victorious and had an army. Muslims were 313; idle worshippers were 1,100 people with full experience and 300 horsemen, while Muslims only had one horse. Muslims triumphed over their enemies, and fell in a dispute when they divided the spoils of war. 4) Subtitles: A) God is the Orchestrator God arranged all settings of the battle (8:5, 8:7-8). Psychological preparation (8:11). Mental preparation (8:43-44). Spiritual preparation (angel participation) (8:9; 8:11). Venue chosen by God (8:42). God was aiming, not you (8:17). B) Exert the Means Prepare your best (8:60). Peace is possible (8:61). Prepare soldiers (8:65). Quality of soldiers, not quality (8:66). Do not dispute. Obey orders (8:46). Unity between soldiers was caused by God (8:62-63). Fight for the sake of God, not for the sake of fame (8:47). Physical, and spiritual, steadfastness in battle (8:45). 24

25 Index 2: First 10 Parts of the Quran In the first 10 sections we see a complete curriculum for stewardship of earth. 1) Chapter 2: You (man) are responsible, and this is the curriculum to follow. 2) Chapter 3: Steadfast on the principles. 3) Chapter 4: Justice is essential to be a successful steward on earth. 4) Chapter 5: Fulfilling the covenant with God includes building earth. 5) Chapter 6: Faith in its two folds: belief and practice are necessary to carry on the mission of being a steward. 6) Chapter 7: Take a stand towards what is good, and fight evil from within and without. 7) Chapter 8: Victory has two folds: spiritual and practical. The next 10 parts of the Quran give us practical factors to help us accomplish the task of being a steward on earth. 25

26 Chapter 9: At-Tauba (Medinite) 129 Verses 1) Name of Chapter: At-Tauba (Repentance). This chapter is also known as Immunity. 2) Main Theme: Repent. The theme refers to the hypocrisy, within Muslim lines, in battle. 3) Chapter Notes: At-Tauba was revealed to Prophet Muhammad after the struggle against the Byzantine army expanded outside the Arab Peninsula. This chapter addresses the Battle of Tabouk in the year of 630. The Battle of Tabouk was the last battle of Prophet Muhammad. In this battle, Muslims had an army of 30,000 as compared to only 313 Muslims fighting in the first battle (The Battle of Badr). It is the only chapter that does not begin with the usual In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. This chapter mentions the most about hypocrites, and disbelievers, who hide the truth. It contains 55 qualities of hypocrites. This chapter is known by many other names, including the sword chapter because of its mentioning of war and warfare. Named repentance as a last chance for disbelievers, and hypocrites, to go back to God. Repentance is mentioned 17 times in this chapter (more than any other chapter). Usually, the Quran is divided into 3 sections; this section ends with this chapter. 4) Subtitles: A) Last Call for Repentance Immunity given (9:1-3). Most quoted verse (9:5). Message must be delivered (9:6). Repentance will turn enemies into brothers (9:10). Betrayal (9:12, 9:14) and repentance (9:15). God accepting the repentance of Muslims who did not participate in battle (9:24). Warning to nonparticipating Muslims (9:38-82). Repentance of hypocrites and apostates (9:74). Repentance of the hesitant (9:102). Repentance of all mankind (9:104). 26

27 B) Praise of Believers Praise in the Old and New Testament, and in the Quran (9: ). Praise to the Prophet and believers (9:117). The praise of three men who had real remorse (9:118). NOTE: Chapter 8 covers the first battle, and Chapter 9 covers the last battle. Despite the long time span between them, they occurred chronologically. 27

28 1) Name of Chapter: Yunus ( Jonah ). Chapter 10: Yunus 109 Verses 2) Main Theme: Submitting to God s divine wisdom or decree; and the concept of Qada and Qadar. 3) Chapter Notes: Yunus is the story of Jonah, the Pre-Israelite prophet. This chapter answers many theological questions about pre-destination. It is the first of 3 chapters that are named after prophets: Jonah, Hud (Chapter 11), and Joseph (Chapter 12). All 3 chapters are Meccan chapters, and were revealed where Muslims were persecuted, and harmed, for standing up for monotheism. These 3 chapters profoundly consoled Muslims during their utmost bad times. The word truth is repeated 23 times in this chapter. 4) Subtitles A) The Quran is the Ultimate Wisdom From God, The Wise Confirmation that the Quran is wisdom (10:1). Why are you in doubt? (10:2). God is the Orchestrator (10:3). Ultimately, there will be a day of judgment (10:4). Look at the signs in the universe (10:5-6). God s promise is the truth (10:4). Doubt will lead to disbelief (10:7). B) Signs in the Universe God is in charge of all (10:31). God is the Truth (10:32-34). Do not doubt the promise of God (10:53, 10:55). Attribute injustices to yourself, not God. Injustice is attributed to man (10:13, 10:27, 10:30, 10:33). God is just and generous (10:26). C) God s Divine Wisdom: Trust in Him Noah s statement to his people (10:71). Moses statement to his people (10:84-85). Moses is saved by divine wisdom (90-91). Jonah s people were saved by God (10:98). The Manufacturer knows His product (10:98). 28

29 Chapter 10 finishes with a great lesson to the Prophet, companions, and believers. (10: ): Trust in God s divine wisdom by following revelation, and being patient and consistent. 29

30 Chapter 11: Hud 123 Verses 1) Name of Chapter: Hud. The title is a reference to Prophet Hud who was sent to the people of Ad, believed to be close to Yemen, after Noah. This tribe was very powerful due to their strategic location. They built large fortresses. 2) Main Theme: Be steadfast for the truth, without being extreme or passive. Be balanced when delivering the truth. 3) Chapter Notes: This chapter was revealed during the first migration of Prophet Muhammad s companion to Abyssinia in 613. The Prophet himself was passing through personal grief. He lost both his uncle Abou Talib, who used to protect him (tribal), and his wife Khadejah. The Prophet also went to preach to the city of Al Taeif near Mecca; he was not welcomed, and was stoned and chastised. When one passes through severe circumstances, one can react in 3 different ways: 1) Lose hope and thus give in and quit, or 2) Become extreme and violent, or 3) Align one s self with oppressors, or people who have no values to help him/her. This chapter came to warn of all these extreme measures summarized toward last verse (11: ): 1) Hold firmly to principles. 2) Do not transgress by being extreme. 3) Do not lean towards people with no values. It is repeated that the Prophet Muhammad would say about this chapter: Hud brought me white hair. (Meaning: this experience gave him grey hair, and aged him). This is an Arabic proverb that means that it is an extremely difficult command to keep balance while in a conflict. 4) Subtitles A) Stand Firm, and Be Balanced, For Your Belief The Quran, and its Author, defines balance (11:1). The definition of balance (11:2). Be patient and consistent (11:11). Do not give up (11:12). Be steadfast on your convictions (11:13-24). 30

31 Examples of prophets who stood firm on their message without extremes: 1) Story of Noah evangelizing for 950 years (11:26-49). A) Be firm. Noah called his people at 950. B) Don t give up or be extreme. C) Don t lean to oppressors (as Noah s son did). 2) Story of Hud (11:54-56). 3) Story of Shuaib (11: same message). B) The Only Way To Be Balanced: 1) Patience (11:115). 2) Prayers (11:115). 3) Good deeds (11:115). Chapter 11 closes with emphasis that God will never oppress anyone (11:117). 31

32 Chapter 12: Yusuf 111 Verses 1) Name of Chapter: Yusuf (Joseph) The title is in reference to Prophet Joseph (son of Prophet Jacob, who was the son of Issac, who was the son of Abraham). 2) Main Theme: Put your full trust in God. Be patient, and do not despair. 3) Chapter Notes: This chapter, like the previous two chapters 10 and 11, are consoling the Prophet with a precise message. It s the only chapter in the Quran that chronologically starts with one theme (story of Joseph) from beginning to end. It s the only chapter that calls this story the best stories (verse: 12:3). This chapter hints to the Prophet as he, and his companions, were passing through trials and tribulations to look towards the future; just as Joseph prevailed, so will you; just be patient. This chapter mesmerized the Jewish community who lived in Madinah with its beautiful narration, plot scenery, and secrets revealed that were not in the Torah. 4) Subtitles: The entire chapter follows the story of Joseph: A) Vision he sees in his dreams. B) Thrown in well. C) Sold as a slave and bought by a king. D) Seduced by the king s wife (he was the most handsome). E) Incarcerated for years. F) Interprets dreams for king. G) Released, and made finance minister of Egypt. H) Seeks his father and brothers. I) Forgives all. 5) Notable Verses: Verse 12:6: Joseph put his full trust in God. Verse 12:7-8: Despair is a form of disbelief. Verse 12:90: God will deliver you eventually. Verse 12:101: Joseph recognizes God as the Best Trustee. Verse 12:110: Victory comes when least expected after severe trials and tribulations. 32

33 Notes: 33

34 Chapter 13: Ar-Ra d (Medinite) 43 verses 1) Name of Chapter: Ar-Ra d, or Thunder. The title of the chapter refers to the duality of thunder symbolizing the truth. For indeed truth, just like thunder, is soothing to the ears of the believers and displeasing to the ears of disbelievers. 2) Main Theme: Truth is strong. Falsehood is weak. 3) Chapter Notes: Analogies are used in all of this chapter s verses. 4) Subtitles A) Two Forms of Truth: Written One: Scripture and Visual One: Universe ; Both Will Point Towards a Creator. The Quran is the ultimate truth (13:1). Ponder upon the universe (13:2-4). Submit or surrender (13:8-39). B) Resurrection People are still astonished of the concept (13:5). God is the Responder, Maker, and Shaper (13:14). C) Falsehood Analogy Falsehood might seem strong (13:17). Even thunder may seem strong (13:13). 5) Notable Verse: 13:31: If there were a Quran with which mountains were moved, or the earth were cloven asunder, or the dead were made to speak, (this would be the one!) But, truly, the command is with Allah in all things! 34

35 Chapter 14: Ibraheem 52 Verses 1) Name of chapter: Ibraheem (Abraham). The title refers to Prophet Abraham, the father of monotheism and the father of prophets. 2) Main Theme: Faith is a blessing; Disbelief is a curse. 3) Chapter Notes: The use of analogy in this chapter. Abraham has always been a symbol of monotheism. Abraham s father was an idle maker. 4) Subtitles: A) Analogy of Faith Light represents faith. Disbelief represents darkness (14:1). Moses bringing the Children of Israel from darkness to light (14:5). Faith is a blessing (14:6). Show gratitude to God s blessings (14:7). Faith benefits man and not God (14:8). B) Examples From the Prophets Stories Prophets came with one message: monotheism (14:10-11). Prophets taught gratitude (14:14). Warning of disbelief (14:16-18). Satan leads to disbelief (14:22). C) The Word The word always refers to monotheism. Analogy of manifesting good faith (14:24-25). Analogy of disbelief (14:26). D) The Example of a Man Who Lived By Faith, Through Faith: Abraham, Ishmael, and Isaac (14:39). Keep family on faith (14:40-41). Consequence of humiliation of disbelief (14:42-44; 14:49-50). 35

36 Chapter 15: Al-Hijr 99 Verses 1) Name of Chapter: Al-Hijr (Rocky Path or Road). 2) Main Theme: God will safeguard this religion and faith (Islam). 3) Chapter Notes: Hijr is where the arrogant tribe of Thamud lived. Revealed in Mecca at beginning of message where Islam was deaminized in the eyes of people (similar to the current day). Surmisal message: Do your best, leave the rest to God, depend on Him, and trust Him. 4) Subtitles A) God is the Guardian and Protector of: The Quran (15:9). The Universe (15:16). The Earth (15:19). Provisions (15:19-21). Believers (15:42). Paradise (paradise awaits) (15:46). B) Mentioning Satan (not Adam) Deviation (15:36-40). Straight path (15:41-42). C) Example of Previous Prophets Story of Lot (15:66-73). Story of the people of Al-Hijr (15:80-83). D) Instructions On How To Ride This Rocky Road Spirituality (The Magnificent Seven verses & the Quran) (15:87). Believe in yourself (15:88). Keep calling people to faith (15:94-95). Stay on the road until you die (15:97-99). 36

37 1) Name of Chapter: Al-Nahel (The Bee). Chapter 16: Al-Nahel 128 Verses 2) Main Theme: The blessings and bounties of God. 3) Chapter Notes: An-Nahel reminds its reader of the blessings, and provisions, around us. This chapter is also known as the Chapter of Bounties. 4) Subtitles A) The List of Blessings We Are Accustomed To: Faith (16:1). Revelation (16:2). Heaven and Earth (16:3). Humans and Soul (16:4). Provisions (16:5-8). Water and Rain (16:10). Fruits and Vegetation (16:11). Universe (16:12). Beautification of Earth (16:13). Fish and Oceans (16:14). Mountains (16:15). Stars (16:16). Milk and Meat (16:66). Knowledge (16:78). Birds (16:79). B) The Blessings of the Prophets, Messengers, and Prophet Hood: Prophet to each nation (16:36). Prophets are men (16:43-44). All blessings are from God (16:53). C) Always Be Thankful for Blessings Praise God for blessings (16:55). Females (newborn girls) are blessings (16:58-59). The mercy of God is a blessing (16:61) Rain is always mentioned, with revelation, as two blessings similar in nature (16:64-65, 16:67) Misusing blessings D) Social Blessings Spouses and family (16:72). 37

38 Houses (16:80) Furniture, clothes, and shades (16:81). E) Denying God s Blessings Denying God s blessing is disloyal (16:83). Analogies of denying God s blessings (16:92, 16:94-95; 16:112). F) Thanking God He possesses everything (16:96). Thank Him (16:114) The bees thank God, and produce honey which is medicinal (16:68-69). 38

39 Chapter 17: Al-Isra 111 Verses 1) Name of Chapter: Al-Isra (Night Journey). Al-Isra is a reference to Muhammad s night journey from Mecca to Jerusalem, up to Heaven, to be in the presence of God. 2) Main Theme: Value the Quran. 3) Chapter Notes: Al-Isra is also known as The Children of Israel chapter. It commemorates Muhammad s night journey from Mecca to Jerusalem, where he led all prophets in prayers as an Imam, then ascended to Heaven to meet God. This chapter symbolizes the transfer of the message from the Children of Israel to the final messenger. Symbolizes the transfer of the book, and message, from Noah to his children to Abraham to Moses to Jesus, and to the fulfillment of prophecy by Muhammad. In this chapter the word book (scripture), and Quran, is mentioned more than any other chapter. (It s as if Muslims are being told that they are responsible for the protection of the Quran). 4) Subtitles: A) Message (the Book) Transferred Between Nations From prophet to prophet (17:1-4). The Book is a source of guidance (17:9-10). Following the Book will lead to success (17:13-14). B) Basic Commands of the Book (10 Commands) Righteousness to parents (17:23-24). Use wealth for the welfare of others (17:26-29). Do not kill your children (17:31). Do not commit adultery (17:32). Do not kill (17:33). Do not cheat (17:34-35). Do not be ignorant (17:36). Do not be arrogant (17:37). Do not worship others besides God (17:39). C) Value of the Book Protector of people who follow it (17:44-45). An account of previous civilizations (17:58). To be read in prayers (17:78-79). 39

40 Cure for hearts (17:82). D) Challenges of the Quran There s nothing like the Quran (17:88). Detailed and direct (17:89). Good news (17: ). The choice is yours. This Book will always have believers to protect it (17: ). 40

41 Chapter 18: Al-Kahf 110 Verses 1) Name of Chapter: Al-Kahf (The Cave). Al-Kahf is a reference to the story of seven believers of God, who were under a disbelieving king who used to kill believers; they escaped the king, and hid in a cave. 2) Main Theme: Resist temptations; pass the tests. 3) Chapter Notes: Al-Kahf is read every Friday by Muslims. It contains four distinct stories: 1) The people of the cave. 2) The gardens of the brothers. 3) The story of Moses and Al Khader. 4) The story of Zul-Qarnain. 4) Subtitles: A) Story 1: People of the Cave (18:14-31) B) Story 2: People of the Garden/The Two Brothers (18:32-45) C) Story 3: Story of Moses and Al Khader (18:60-82) D) Story 4: Story of Zul-Qarnain (18:83-102) E) Four Distinguished Trials, Tests, and Temptations: Story 1: Testing faith (18:13). Story 2: Testing of temptation of wealth (18:36). Story 3: Test of knowledge (18:87). Story 4: Temptation of authority (18:66). F) How To Pass Tests Good company (18:28). Remember the hereafter (18:29). Disassociate from worldly possessions (18:45, 18:47, 18:49). Learn by being humble (18:69). Sincerity (18:103, 18:105, 18:110). 41

42 Chapter 19: Maryam 98 Verses 1) Name of Chapter: Maryam (Mary). Maryam is a reference to Mary, the mother of Jesus. 2) Main Theme: Passing faith to progeny (family). 3) Chapter Notes: This chapter is named after a female, and it is the only female name mentioned in the Quran. This chapter emphasizes the purpose and goal of children, and how the purpose is to inherit them the faith. This chapter mentions three ideal families: 1) Zakariya 2) John the Baptist 3) Mary and Jesus 4) Abraham and his father 5) Ishmael and Abraham 6) Moses and Aaron 4) Subtitles: A) Zakariya and John The Baptist Purpose is to protect the faith (19:1-12). B) Mary and Jesus (19:16-37). C) Abraham and his Father (19:42-50). D) Ishmael and Wife (19:55). E) Moses and Aaron (19:53-58). Note: This chapter concludes the reemphasis in belief of Jesus (19:88-95). 42

43 Index 3: Jesus in the Quran/The Qur anic Position on Christianity An Excerpt From: The Qur anic Position on Christianity (A Summary of Jesus in the Qur an by Geoffrey Parrinder.) THE QUR ANIC POSITION ON CHRISTIANITY Summary of Geoffrey Parrinder's Jesus in the Qur'an (New York: Oxford University Press, 1977) A. JESUS IN THE QUR'AN: "The Qur'an gives a greater number of honorable titles to Jesus than to any other [religious] figures of the past." (p. 16) 1) Jesus is mentioned in fifteen surahs [chapters] of the Qur'an and in ninety-three separate verses (ayat).six of these surahs (6,19,21,23,42, and 43) are traditionally believed to have been revealed in Mecca between the years 610 and 622 C.E., while the remaining surahs (2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 33, 57, and 61) are believed to have been revealed after the Hijira, in the city of Medina, between the years 622 and ) Jesus is called 'Isa in the Qur'an, from the Syriac Yeshu' which derived it from the Hebrew Yeshua. This name occurs twenty-five times in the Qur'an, and the use of this name in conjunction with other titles such as "Messiah" and the "Son of Mary" means that Jesus is spoken of some thirty-five times. 3) Jesus is referred to as a "Sign," a "Mercy," a "Witness," and an "Example". He is called by His proper name "Jesus" and by the titles of "Messiah" (Christ), "Son of Mary," "a Word [from] God," "A [Soul from] God," and is referred to as a "Messenger," "Prophet," and "Servant of God." 4) The title "Son of Mary" (Ibn Maryam), occurs twenty-three times, sixteen times as "Jesus, the Son of Mary," and seven times as simply the "Son of Mary" or in conjunction with some other title. Incidentally, the title "Son of Mary" only occurs once in the Christian Gospel, in Mark 6:3. 5) Three surahs of the Qur'an are named after references to Jesus: Surah 3, AI-i-'Imran ("The Family of 'Imran [Mary's father]), Surah 5, AI-Ma'ida ("The Table," discusses a miraculous event performed by Jesus), and Maryam ("Mary"). 6) The Qur'an always speaks of Jesus with great reverence; there is never even a breath of criticism, for He is considered to be one of God's (Allah's) Messengers. 7) The Qur'an gives two accounts of the annunciation and birth of Jesus (surahs 3 and 19). 8) The Qur'an rebuts Jewish suggestions that there was any stigma in the birth of Jesus. The Qur'an asserts that: a. a). "His mother was a faithful woman" (5:75) b. b). "She guarded her chastity" (21:91) c. c). She is "one of the devout" (66:12) d. d). She is "above the women of the world" (3:42) 9) The Qur an also refers to the teachings, healings [by God s command], death, and exaltation of Jesus. 43

44 10) The Qur an considers Jesus both a prophet (nabi) and a Messenger (rasual). 11) In Surah 2:253 the Qur'an exalts Jesus over the other Prophets and Messengers: "Of these Messengers We have exalted some above the others. To some God spoke directly; others He raised to a lofty status. We gave Jesus the Son of Mary veritable signs and strengthened Him with the Holy Spirit." (Dawood) 12) John the Baptist (called Yahya in the Qur'an) and his father Zachariah are both mentioned several times in the Qur'an (3:32-39, 6:85, 21:89-90, and Surah 19), and always in connection with Jesus. B. THE NAMES AND TITLES OF JESUS IN THE QUR'AN 1) The Messiah (Masih): Jesus is called "the Messiah" eleven times in the Qur'an (3:45, 4:157,171,172; 5:17 [twice], 72 [twice] 5:72, and 9:30, 31). It is worth noting that the Christian Gospel does not record Jesus ever referring to Himself as the Messiah. 2) A Servant (Abd): This title is used in both the Qur'an (surahs 4:172,19:30, and 43:57-61) and in the Bible (Mark 1:11 and Isaiah 42:1). 3) A Prophet (Nabi): Jesus is only called a "Prophet" once in the Qur'an (19:30). The meaning of the Arabic word nabi is similar to the Hebrew word nabi and most likely entered the Arabic through the Syriac and Aramaic languages. The Bible also calls Jesus a Prophet (see Mark 6: 15, 8:28; Luke 4: 18, 10:21; John 1:21, 6:14). 4) A Messenger (Rasul): The title "Messenger" or "Apostle" is used ten times in the Qur'an to refer to Jesus (2:87, 253; 3:49, 53; 4:157,171; 5:75,111; 57:27, and 61:6). Jesus is also called an Apostle in Hebrews 3:1. In the Qur'an, both Jesus and Muhammad are referred to as "only" or "nothing but" Messengers from God. 5) The Word(Kalima): Jesus is called the "Word" six times in the Qur'an (3:39,45,59; 4:171, and 19:34,35) and at least three times in the Christian Bible (John 1:1, 1 John 1:1, and Revelation 19:13). 6) The Spirit (Ruh): The Qur'an refers to Jesus as the Spirit (or Spirit from God) eleven times (2:87,253; 4:171,5:110, 19:17,21:91, and 66:12). 7) A Sign (Aya): The Qur'an states that Jesus was "a sign" not only to the Jews, but to the whole world (3:50, 19:21, 21:91, and 23:50). 8) One of the Upright (Min AI-Salihin): Qur'an 3:46, John the Baptist is also given this designation in 3:39. 9) One Brought Near [to God] (Min AI-Muqarrabin): Qur'an 3:45. 10) A Parable or Example (Mathai): Qur'an 43:57, ) Blessed (Mubarak): Qur'an 19:31, 33, 43, 12) A Witness (Shahid): Qur'an 4:159 and 5: ) The Eminent (Wajih): Qur'an 3:45. 14) A Mercy (Rahma): Qur'an 19:21. 44

45 C. THE MIRACLES OF JESUS: "That Jesus was a great healer of the sick is confirmed by the Qur'an." (p.83) 1) In Qur'an 5: and 3:49 we find a list of miracles performed by Jesus [by God s command], including the healing of the blind and the leprous, and the raising of the dead. 2) See Qur'an 19:30-33 and 5: for other miraculous occurrences, including Jesus speaking at birth and the descent of a heavenly table. D. THE CHRISTIAN GOSPEL: The Qur'an recognizes the mission of Jesus and the guidance of the Christian Gospel. Nowhere does the Qur'an deny the validity of the Christian Gospel or the Hebrew Bible (or Torah), in fact, it upholds it. 1) The word Gospel (lnjil) occurs twelve times in the Qur'an (3:2, 3, 43, 48, 65; 5:46, 47, 66, 68,109,110; 7:156, 157; 9: 111, 48:29, and 57:27). 2) According to the Qur'an, the Christians possess accurate copies of the Gospel. The Qur'an states that the Gospel is "in their possession" (5:47) and for this reason proclaims "let the people of the Gospel judge by what God hath sent down therein" (7: 157). 3) The Qur'an Confirms the Christian Gospel: a. a). "It is He [God] Who sent down to thee [Muhammad] in truth, the Book [Qur'an], confirming what went before it; and He sent down the Law (of Moses) and the Gospel before this, as a guide to mankind, and He sent down the Criterion (of judgment between right and wrong!") (3:3) b. b). "We sent Jesus the Son of Mary, confirming the Law [Torah] that had come before Him: We sent Him the Gospel: therein was guidance and light, and confirmation of the Law that had come before Him: A guidance and an admonition to those who fear God." (5:49, Dawood) 4) The Qur'an makes no suggestion that the Gospel of Jesus is different from the canonical Gospels held by the Christians. Note: All references to the Qur'an are taken from the translations made by A. Yusuf Ali, The Glorious Qur'an (American Trust Publications, 1977) and, where indicated, N. J. Dawood, The Koran (New York: Penguin Books, 1974). Modified from the outline of Michael Sours, 11/5/

46 Notes: 46

47 Chapter 20: Taha 135 Verses 1) Name of Chapter: Taha Taha is the name of Muhammad. 2) Main Theme: Faith is the ultimate source of joy. 3) Chapter Notes: Taha points out that faith will ultimately lead to happiness. This chapter instills the sense of looking with God s eyes. 4) Subtitles: A) There Will Be Joy With The Merciful The concept of the merciful (20:1-3, 20:54). B) Scenes From The Story of Moses, and Joy Seeing the light (20:10). Leaning on his stick (20:17). Joy given to Moses (20:25-27). No fear/love to Moses (20:21, 20:36, 20:37, 20:39). God chose Moses; I am with you (20:40-41, 20:46). C) Even Death Can Bring Joy Magicians dying with joy (20:71-73). Heaven is where permanent joy is (20:74-76). D) Adam and the Secret of Joy Know your enemy (20:117). Paradise (20: ). Following faith will lead you to joy (20: ). 47

48 Chapter 21: Al-Anbiyaa 112 Verses 1) Name of Chapter: Al-Anbiyaa (The Prophets). 2) Main Theme: Prophets are all brothers with the same mission of one : one nation, one message, one God. 3) Chapter Notes: Al-Anbiyaa shows examples of many prophets calling their people to worship one true God. Emphasis on one nation of believers, one message, and one Lord. The prophets emphasized the following: 1) Obedience to God 2) Worship of God 3) Love of God 4) Recruiting people to God 4) Subtitles: A) Job as a Messenger: Reminded people of the hereafter (21:1-3). Calling people to God: Noah (21:76). Job (21:83). Jonah (21:87). Zakariah (21:89). Noah, Job, Jonah, and Zakariah had a common message: Call upon God. God answers all (21:88). B) One People of Believers: One people (21:92). One prophet (Muhammad) with a universal message (21:107). One Day of Judgment (21:104). 48

49 Chapter 22: Al-Hajj (Meccan/Medenite) 78 Verses 1) Name of Chapter: Al-Hajj (Pilgrimage). 2) Main Theme: The pilgrimage effect on building a nation. 3) Chapter Notes: This chapter has both Medenite and Meccan verses. Some verses were revealed in the desert, some in the city, and some while the prophet was traveling. It s the only chapter named after the ritual of all rituals of Islam. It begins with a scene of a day of judgment, and then moves to talk about Jihad, and ends with submission----- all factors of pilgrimage. 4) Subtitles: A) Reminder of the Day of Judgment (22:1-7). B) Rites of Pilgrimage: Obedience (22:26-37). C) Pilgrimage is Jihad (22:38-39). Note: Building a nation requires belief, obedience, and struggle. 49

50 Chapter 23: Mu minun 118 Verses 1) Name of Chapter: Al-Mu minun (The Believers). 2) Main Theme: The practical characteristics of believers. 3) Chapter Notes: This chapter is a practical check list for believers. This chapter reminds the reader that faith is a verb, and not a noun. 4) Subtitle: A) Characteristics of Successful Believers: Prayers (23:2). Avoid back-bitters (23:3). Protect chastity (23:5). Trustworthy (23:8). Protect the timing of prayers (23:9). Mindful of God (23:57). Believe in God full-heartedly (23:58-59). Compete towards doing good deeds (23:61). 50

51 Chapter 24: Al-Nur (Medinite) 64 Verses 1) Name of Chapter: Al-Nur (The Light, or Illumination). 2) Main Theme: Divine law (Sharia) is the light, or illumination, for society. 3) Chapter Notes: Al-Nur was revealed to regulate society and its member s relationships with one another. This Chapter was revealed after the incident of The Slander. The wife (Aisha) of Muhammad was slandered (she was accused of her honor). The slander was a severe test for the believers until the innocence (of Aisha) came from God through revelation. 4) Subtitles: A) Good Will Emerge Out of Evil (24:11-12) B) New Regulation: Proof and Witnesses (24:13) C) Slander is a Severe Sin (24:15-17) D) Penal Law For Adultery (24:2) E) Society Regulations: Gender relations (24:27-28, 24:58-59). Lower gaze (24:30-31). Promote marriage (24:32). Prohibition of prostitution (24:33). Modesty and dress code (24:31). Prohibition of vain/evil talk and propaganda (24:19). Prohibition of slander (24:23-24). Punishment for slander (24:4-5). 51