AP US HISTORY Ms. Kenney Summer Assignment Book: American Colonies: The Settling of North America by Alan Taylor ($19 at Barnes and Nobles)

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1 AP US HISTORY Ms. Kenney Summer Assignment Book: American Colonies: The Settling of North America by Alan Taylor ($19 at Barnes and Nobles) You will read Alan Taylor s American Colonies. As you read, you will need to take notes over each chapter. I have devised a recommended reading schedule (a chapter a day) and have written objectives and questions for each chapter so that you will know what to focus on in your notes. DO NOT write down everything you read and DO NOT copy word for word. Focus on synthesizing the text and putting the main ideas and details into your own words. If you find a text quote you think is really important, go ahead and write it down and include quotation marks and page numbers for future reference. Each chapter has a set of questions or list of topics for which you will provide a short response. The goal is not to fish for an answer, but to read and understand the material in Taylor s book. Since we will not be discussing these topics in depth during class, failure to complete this assignment and take it seriously will SEVERELY hurt your chances in AP US History. This assignment IS INDEED to be turned in on the second day of school and you will need your copy for class discussions, so type your answers to the questions. Each question requires 3-5 points minimum per response. That does not mean that you cannot write more per question, but it does mean that you cannot write less. Failure to complete this summer assignment will mean you risk failing the first quarter. Do not think that this is unimportant or that you can blow this assignment off. PART ONE: The Encounters Day One Chapter 1: Read the chapter first and then go back and answer the questions. It helps you to really absorb the information. Day 2 Chapter 2 Objective: Describe North America prior to the arrival of Europeans. Old world explorers encountered in the new world complex and diverse peoples who, what when, where, why, how, etc? Pre Colombian America is fraught with controversy. What conflicts were they? Describe and explain the significance of each. Some natives had a culture that demanded less of the environment than that of other natives Such as? Describe and explain the impact of different groups on the environment. What are Taylor s three ideas in which he argues about migration? Objective: Analyze the factors that led to European exploration of North America. Taylor makes a big issue over environmentalism why? What caused the expansion of Europe? Why? What were the two major religions in the age of expansion? How do they come to impact the New World?

2 Why is the Atlantic Ocean such a central, vital environmental concern for the colonizers? What does Taylor say about slavery in the New World? How significant was Renaissance science and technology for the colonizers? Day 3 Chapter 3 Objective: Characterize the Spanish approach to exploration Using bullets or short paragraphs (3 to 5 points for each topic) summarize Taylor s assessment of: Day 4 Chapter 4: Conquests Conquistadores Consolidation Colonists Empire Gold and Silver Objective: Analyze the impact of Spanish settlement on North America. Make a list of the achievements of Cabeza de Vaca. Where did Hernando de Soto explore? What was his legacy? What did Coronado do and how does the seven cities myth develop? What happened to his money? Florida became the focus of Spain. Why? How? Spain reaches west to New Mexico use of the Adelanto system. How? Why? Who was Onate? What significance can be attached to New Mexico missions? Discuss the importance of different monastic orders. What was the Pueblo Revolt? How did it begin and what happened to cause such fanaticism? What was the historical significance of this? Day 5 Chapter 5: Objective: Compare and contrast French settlement with that of the Spanish. Northern parts of North America became the base of the French. Discuss the area on the map and explain why this is so. What were the two major Native American cultural groups? How were they distinct? The key for economic development was the fur trade of New France. Why was that so? How and why did trade develop? Discuss.

3 How did the fur trade operate in its widest applications? What was the role of Canada in the development of New France? Analyze and characterize The Five Nations. Who were they? How did they operate and why are they so significant? What impact did Old World disease have upon new world natives? How important was the formation and development of Dutch trade system and involvement? In the New World the French brought the militant Jesuits to catholicize the New World. Did it work? Why or why not? Finally, how did destruction befall the organized settling of the New World? Day 6 Review notes over Part One and be certain that you can explain the significance of the following terms: Hohokam Guanche St. Augustine Jesuits Anasazi Black Legend Pueblo Revolt/Pope Animism vs. Christianity Conquistadores Iroquois League/ Reconquista Coronado Five Nations Iroquois Part 2: The Colonies: Day 7 Chapter 6: Objective: Analyze the factors that shaped the settlement of Virginia. Who were the promoters and what did they desire to do? What was the social composition of the Virginia colony? Who were the sturdy beggars? What does the map reveal about the topography and land/water ratio of the Chesapeake? What was the role of Roanoke? Who was Powhatan? What is the character of the American Indian in the area? What was the encounter of the Powhatan and the colonies? How does Taylor describe the cultural interactions? Jamestown was significant because? Give at least 4 reasons Jamestown was important and describe each. What was the cause of violence in the colony? Explain. What was the significance of tobacco? Explain and discuss in detail.

4 Day 8 Chapter 7: Objective: Even Virginia What Why were What Discuss how economics shaped the social class system in the Chesapeake. though Virginia is a Chesapeake colony, what significant difference is there between and the Chesapeake? Explain. does it mean to be a commonwealth? labor, health, and profit the driving motives of Chesapeake settlers? sources of labor were there in the Chesapeake? Why is prosperity a concern of the area? What is there about the class structure? Discuss the five tiered pyramid. Rebellion why did it come? For how long would it endure and remain an issue? What significance can be attached to the frontier? Who was Berkeley and why is he important?

5 Who were the great planters? Where did they come from? How and why did this arrangement come about? What were the characteristics of the planters? Discuss the whole issue of the coming of slavery why, when, from where, and for what purpose? Day 9 Chapter 8: Objective: Analyze the impact of the Puritan culture on the New England colonies. Define the area of land commonly referred to as New England (map page 163). Why is the etching of Richard Mather so important to the development of the territory of the northeast? Analyze and identify the Puritan values of the period and place. Who were the Puritans? Why are they so incredibly important to the study of American history? Why were the Puritans concerned with theocracy? Education? Morality? Were they as bad as contemporary writers have alleged? Or are modernists engaging in presentism as a value judgment? Why were Puritans concerned over British monarchy? Also with the Anglican Church? What was the Great Migration all about? Explain the religion and profit issues of New England. Why did New England attract a different set of immigrants from the Old World? What was the advantage of climate and population ratio? How is this different from the Chesapeake region? Discuss the relationship of land and labor in New England. What was the social relationship of Puritans? Analyze and compare and contrast family life in New England. Pay attention to the role of women. Why was commerce the major source of economic sustenance and development? Why was Massachusetts known as the Bible Commonwealth? Why all the concern over education? What was the pull of Puritans to the New World? From whence came the disputes and discontent? Why was there such a flap over the Witchcraft issue? Where did it occur? For what reason was there declension according to Alan Taylor? Was the declension myth or fact? Day 10 Chapter 9: Objective: Discuss Puritan relations with Native Americans. Alan Taylor in this chapter reveals an insightful awareness of the culture and contributions of the Natives. Give a bulleted list of his concerns and explain the significance of each. What was the issue of property? What was meant by tribute? Were the natives exploited? Why? Discuss the issues and causes of the Pequot War. What was the deal about praying towns? What did they purport to do? Why did war break out in 1676 to become King Philips War? What was the eventual result? What ultimate end came as victory, and yet ended in defeat?

6 Day 11 Chapter 10: Evaluate the factors that shaped the colonization of the West Indies. In this chapter, Taylor takes us off the mainland continent of North America to explore the West Indies Why? What was the motivation? What significance does he attach to Barbados? Discuss this in several bullet points. The development of the sugar industry became the major economic backbone of the Indies. Why? What is revealing to the reader from the map of the West Indies? Discuss the major demand for the use of slavery, from whence did it come and who benefitted? Give multiple ideas for Taylor s arguments and analysis. Taylor boldly declared that sugar was a rich man s crop. Why, what demand existed outside the western hemisphere? Why the need for commercialization and hence colonization? Discuss the planter aristocracy. Analyze the social strata for the West Indian population. What does Taylor have to say about the importance of Jamaica? What is his central argument? Day 12 Chapter 11: Objective: Determine the connection between colonization of the West Indies and the Southern Atlantic colonies. What is the general area covered by the Carolinas as Taylor lays it out on the map of 1740? What was the economic, political, social, cultural and environmental character of this great swath of land during the century identified? Who were the colonists? Why did they come and what was their environmental fate? Why does Taylor have a section in which he discusses the gun trade? Raiders what is being revealed about this group? Just as sugar was the crop of the West Indies, so did rice become the crop of the Carolinas. Why? What good reasons does Taylor have for discussing terror in the territory? Finally, the issue of Georgia is discussed. What role does Oglethorpe play? What is Taylor s final conclusion about this during this century? Day 13 Chapter 12: Objective: Examine the Middle Colonies in terms of tolerance and diversity. Concurrently with the development of New England there came an equally significant establishment in the area called the Middle Colonies. Trace the development of this area in terms of politics, economics, society, and culture. Between the Chesapeake and New England a multicultural, racial, and ethnically diverse society established itself why? From the broad Hudson River, west to the Appalachian Mountains, south to the Virginia boundary laid an area of land with a new vibrant economy, and a diverse society developed why?

7 What was Taylor s assessment of the Dutch Empire? Why can this be called the Germanic area of development? Was it more than just ethnic cultures of central Europeans to establish this area? Make a list of Dutch (New Netherland) contributions to the area in bullet point form. What was the status of religious dissenters in the Middle Colonies? How many nations, cultures, and languages were brought together to form the diverse culture? Why did New Netherlands falter? What vacuum was created by it? How did England become heir to the territories? What was the issue involved in the conquest? Discuss the covenant chain. What is the background account for establishing New Jersey? How did Pennsylvania become the center of the Middle Colonies? What was the status of religion in the Middle Colonies? This section is very detailed why do you think this is so? What argument can be made of Taylor s contention that there was widespread diversity? Day 14 Review Review notes on Part 2 and be sure you can identify the significance of the following terms: English-Irish conflict Sir Walter Raleigh/Roanoke Chief Powhatan Captain John Smith John Rolfe/tobacco Opechancanough Lord Baltimore/Maryland Bacon s Rebellion Puritan values Separatists Great Migration John Winthrop/City on a Hill Puritan women Harvard College Half-Way Covenant Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson Salem Witch Trials Pequot War King Philip s War Barbados economy/slavery Carolina cash crops Stono Rebellion James Oglethorpe New Amsterdam Peter Stuyvesant William Penn Quakers Types of colonial charters