FROM OLD EUROPE TO ROMAN PROVINCES. KENNETH W. HARL, TULANE UNIVERSITY Scientific American Cruise, July 5-15, 2013
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1 FROM OLD EUROPE TO ROMAN PROVINCES KENNETH W. HARL, TULANE UNIVERSITY Scientific American Cruise, July 5-15, 2013
2 THE ITINERARY, JULY 5-15, 2013
3 VOYAGE OF OHTHERE (OTTAR), ca. 890 Skiringssal (OE Siringes heal), today Kaupang
4 NORWAY Oslo Fjord Vestfold Upplands Trondelag Halogaland Kjolen Mountains (Keel)
5 CHRONOLGY: FROM OLD EUROPE TO IMPERIAL ROME 13,000-10,000 B.C. Nautifan Culture Domestication of plants & (Eastern Turkey) animals 10,000-8,500 B.C. Aceramic Neolithic 1 Settlements & Monumental (Fertile Ctescent) architecture (Gobekli Tepe) 8,500-6,250 B.C. Aceramic Neolithic 2 Villages (Catal Huyuk) 6,250-4,500 B.C. Neolithic Spread of Agriculture in Near East & Southeastern Euorpe 5,500-4,500 B.C. Starcevo Culture Agriculture & Metallurgy Old Europe Central Europe & Balkans Neolithic Villages Western Neolithic Ertebolle Cuture Spain, France & British Isles Scandinavia; pottery Kitchen Middens
6 CHRONOLGY: FROM OLD EUROPE TO IMPERIAL ROME B.C. Western Neolithic Cultures Megalithic Monuments ( B.C.) B.C. Funnel Beaker Culture Central Europe & Scandinavia 4,000 B.C. Pontic-Caspian Culture Domestication of horse (steppe nomads) Proto-Indo-Europeans (PIE) B.C. Yamna Culture Invention of Wheel 3300 B.C. Bronze Age in Near East 3100 B.C. Uruk Period (Sumer) Cities & Writing Unification of Egypt B.C. Corded Ware Culture Migration of Proto-Germanic and Celtic Speakers west B. Bell Beaker Culture Western Europe B.C. Northern Bronze Age Scandinavia
7 CHRONOLGY: FROM OLD EUROPE TO IMPERIAL ROME B.C. Early Iron Age Collapse of Urban Civilizations in Near East B.C. Hallstatt Culture Celtic Migrations to Britain, Central Europe & Spain B.C. La Tene Civilization Towns (oppida) B.C. Roman Conquest of Gaul Expansion of Germanic peoples into Central Europe 16 B.C.-9 A.D. Augustus fixes northern frontier (limes) of Roman Empire Roman Conquest of Britain Collapse of Western Roman Empire Age of Migrations Germanic peoples settle in Roman West
8 OLD EUROPE: AGRICULTURE AND METALLURGY
9 MEGALITHIC MONUMENTS B.C.
10 MEGALITHIC EUROPE: STONEHENGE
11 STONEHEN GE: BULDING PHASES, B.C. Phase 1, ca B.C. Ditch Embankment & Aubrey Circle Cremation burials Phase 2, ca B.C. First Timbered Structure in enclosure Phase 3a, ca B.C. Bluestone Circle; Northeast Entrance widened & aligned on Midsummer Sunrise and Midwinter Sunset Heelstone erected Phase 3b, ca B.C. Sarsen Stones erected; circle of 60 stones and 5 trilithons (15 stones) Phase 3d, B.C. Rearrangement of Bluestone circle Phase 3e, B.C. Removal of bluestones to form Bluestone horseshoe configuration 1600 B.C. Abandonment of Sanctuary
12 STONEHEN GE: PLAN, PHASE III
13 STONEHENGE: SOURCE OF STONES Blue Stones : Prescelly Mts., Wales Sarsen Stones: Marlborough Downs
14 STONEHENGE: CONSTRUCTION
15 STONEHENGE: OBSERVATORY
16 EVOLUTION OF INDO-EUROPE4AN LANGUAGES Daughter Language Families of Indo-European, 4500 B.C B.C. Anatolian (Hittite, Luvian, Palaic) B.C. Tocharian B.C. Celtic and Italic Languages B.C. Greek Thraco-Illyrian Langauges Armenian Germanic Languages Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Division into Centrum and Satem Branches, B.C. Centrum: Celtic, Italic, Greek, Thraco-Illyrian, Armenian, and Germanic Satem Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian
17 MIGRATION OF INDO-EUROPE4AN SPEAKERS
18 THE NORTHERN BRONZE AGE, B.C.
19 THE AMBER ROAD, ca B.C.
20 THE AMBER ROAD, ca B.C.
21 THE NORTHERN BRONZE AGE, B.C. Ship Rock Carving Bardal, Norway
22 THE NORTHERN BRONZE AGE, B.C. Ship Rock Carving Haljesta, Norway
23 Northern Bronze Age: Megalithic Burials Gravhog, Gardstagna, Megalithic Burial
24 Northern Bronze Age: Sun Chariot, Trundholm
25 Northern Bronze Age: Sun Chariot, Trundholm Snorri Sturluson ( ), Prose Edda: Árvakr and Alsviðr
26 THE NORTHERN BRONZE AGE, B.C. Bronze Trumpets, Lurer, Denmark Heimdall & Gjallarhorn
27 THE NORTHERN BRONZE AGE, B.C. Rock Carving, Tanumshede
28 Viso Helmet, Denmark, ca B.C. Dannevirke, New Zealand Hagar the Horrible 2006
29 CELTIC EUROPE: HALLSTATT ( B.C.) & LA TENE ( B.C.)
30 SCANDINAVIA IN CELTIC IRON AGE, B.C. Gundestup Cauldron, Himmerland, Denmark
31 SCANDINAVIA IN CELTIC IRON AGE, B.C. Gundestup Cauldron, Himmerland, Denmark
32 SCANDINAVIA IN CELTIC IRON AGE, B.C. Gundestup Cauldron, Himmerland, Denmark
33 SCANDINAVIA IN CELTIC IRON AGE, B.C. Strettweg Ritual Cart Styria (Hallstatt, 700 B.C.
34 SCANDINAVIA IN CELTIC IRON AGE, B.C. Long and Short-branches Runes: RUNES Elder Futhark Younger Futhark Gallehus Horns Denmark, ca. 400 A.D.
35 SCANDINAVIA IN ROMAN AGE, 50 B.C.-400 A.D. ROMAN TRADE ROUTES RHINE DANUBE WESER ELBE VISTULA
36 EXPANSION OF GERMANIC PEOPLES, 50 B.C.-400 A.D.
37 ROMAN EMPIRE: CREATION OF LIMES (FRONTIER) Hadrian s Wall
38 ROMAN EMPIRE: CREATION OF LIMES (FRONTIER) Hadrian s Wall, Housesteads Rhine Limes, Rainau, Watchtowr
39 ROMAN EMPIRE: CREATION OF LIMES (FRONTIER) Hadrian s Wall, Reconstructon of Fort
40 ROMAN EMPIRE: CREATION OF LIMES (FRONTIER INSERT SCHEMATIC FROM LUTTWAK
41 SCANDINAVIA IN ROMAN AGE, 50 B.C.-400 A.D. ROMAN TRADE ROUTES RHINE DANUBE WESER ELBE VISTULA
42 SCANDINAVIA IN ROMAN AGE, 50 B.C.-400 A.D. Imported Roman Glass
43 SCANDINAVIA IN ROMAN AGE, 50 B.C.-400 A.D Roman Republic Silver denarius bigatus Moneyer A. TerenWus Varro, B.C. Roman Republic Silver denarius serratus Moneyer C.Poblicius 80 B.C.,
44 SCANDINAVIA IN ROMAN AGE, 50 B.C.-400 A.D Augustus, silver denarius Lugdunum (Lyons) mint 2 B.C.- 12 A.D. Germanic ImitaWve Silver denarius, ca A.D.
45 SCANDINAVIA IN ROMAN AGE, 50 B.C.-400 A.D. Chain Mail (Brynja) Vimose Deposit, Funen, Denmark, ca A.D.
46 THE AGE OF MIGRATIONS, A.D.
47 THE AGE OF MIGRATIONS, A.D.
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