Air Traffic Services. School of. Contents. Singapore Aviation Academy. School of Air Traffic Services. Programmes

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2 School of Air Traffic Services Contents Singapore Aviation Academy School of Air Traffic Services 2 2 Programmes Advanced Aeronautical Information Services Aeronautical English: Meeting New ICAO Requirements Aeronautical English: Train the Tester Workshop Aeronautical Search and Rescue Operations Air Traffic Services Resource Management and Training Workshop Air Traffic Services Safety Management and Investigation Basic Aeronautical Information Services Human Factors in Air Traffic Services Workshop ICAO PANS-OPS Instrument Procedures Design On-the-job Training Instructors Safety Audits of Air Traffic Services Search and Rescue Administrators Seminar on CNS/ATM (Including Latest Developments in NSS/ADS-B and PBN) Aerodrome Control Approach Control (Procedural) Approach Control (Surveillance) Area Control (Procedural) Area Control (Surveillance) Primary Air Traffic Control

3 Practical Approach to Training Singapore Aviation Academy The Singapore Aviation Academy (SAA) is the training arm of the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS). An internationally-recognised aviation training institute, SAA offers a wide range of operational and management programmes that benchmark international standards and best practices to meet the training needs of the global aviation community. Besides building resources and competencies for the aviation industry, it also serves as an international platform for the sharing of knowledge and experiences through its conferences and forums. Since its establishment in 1958, SAA has trained over 52,000 participants from 190 countries. As a centre of excellence for aviation learning and thought leadership, the Academy constantly keeps pace with developments in international civil aviation and offers new programmes on current topical issues. The School provides highly practical and personalised training. Instructors for operational courses are regularly rotated between the School and CAAS operational units to ensure that their professional skills are up-to-date. Practical training constitutes 75 percent of the total instructional time. For practical exercises, the instructor-trainee ratio is maintained at 1:1. For management courses, overseas and local experts are also invited to provide insights into the latest trends and developments in air traffic services. Customised Facilities To provide realistic training, the School is equipped with advanced air traffic control (ATC) simulators and other training facilities with state-of-the-art features which are used for the training of new controllers, conducting of refresher courses as well as for the testing and validation of ATC procedures. A virtual Aerodrome Control Simulator creates a 360 paranomic view of the airfield for training in both single and dual runway operations, and features seamless high definition imagery with three-dimensional aircraft and vehicles to achieve high levels of realism in training. Training in enroute, terminal and combined enroute/terminal operations are conducted using the Surveillance Simulator. A Procedural Simulator provides training in directing aircraft through crowded skies without using modern radar. School of Air Traffic Services The School of Air Traffic Services conducts a wide range of courses in air traffic control operations and management for controllers, airspace planners and managers. Training is supported by a suite of customised state-of-the-art equipment, simulating real-life environment. Best practices in air traffic management, safety audits and human factors are shared through its management programmes. Customised Training In addition to regular courses, customised training programmes are also developed to meet specific user requirements for training in various aspects of planning, operations and management. Application and Registration Participants are required to complete application forms for courses and workshops and registration forms for conferences and seminars. Online application and registration are also available on the Academy s website. Application/registration forms and fees should be submitted at least four weeks before the programme commences or by the stipulated closing date for special programmes. Remittance of fees can be made by telegraphic transfer, credit card or bankdraft together with the submission of the application/registration form. Organisations who submit three or more registrations at the same time and with the same billing source are entitled to the following group discounts: Three to six : 10% Seven to nine : 15% Ten or more : 20% Cancellation Policy Cancellation notice must be given at least two weeks before the training commences, otherwise only 25 percent of the fees will be refunded. No refund will be granted in the event that the Academy is not notified or the cancellation is made on or after programme commencement. Substitution of participants may be granted with the Academy s approval. Accommodation and Transportation Participants are usually accommodated at nearby hotels or other hotels which provide transport to and from the Academy. The Academy is also easily accessible by public transport. Requests for assistance in hotel reservations from participants are welcome. 2 3

4 ABN ALTN FL W & PAPI 3 IBN FL 'CH' PAPI 3 Advanced Aeronautical Information Services Aeronautical English: Meeting New ICAO Requirements 30' 20' 10' N AIP SINAPORE INSTRUMENT This course provides AERODROME a better ELEVunderstanding 22ft of the aeronautical D-ATIS AP ID WSSSinformation required SINAPORE/ by users, as well as the supporting role aeronautical APPROACH HEIHT RELATED TO information service plays in the future ICAO 9 APP lobal Air Traffic Management SINAPORE (ATM) CHANI Operational Concept and associated Collaborative CHART THR RWY 02L - ELEV 22ft TWR Decision-making environment. Updates on the latest planned ATM developments RNAV (NSS) and RWY best 02L MSA 25 NM practices in the future System Wide 'E from TEKON DVOR ' ' Information Management are also covered. Participants will also learn about the electronic terrain and obstacle data (etod) requirements BEARINS ARE MANETIC MISSED MNM ALT of Annex 15 (Aeronautical Information Services) and etod chart in Annex 4 (Aeronautical Charts). Practical guidance concerning the ALTITUDES, ELEVATIONS APCH AIP SINAPORE 30' AND HEIHTS ARE IN FEET D-ATIS AP ID WSSS planning and implementation of ICAO etod Standards and Recommended Practices of Annexes VISUAL 4 and 15 will be provided PAPA UNIFORM 420 (398) DVOR/DME TEKON 300 PU DVOR/DME VTK (278) 25' 24"N (598) (578) 24' 55"N ' 00" E ' 20" E (308) 60m (385) 60m Sembawang 250 WSD34 WSD5 Seletar 500ft AMSL 500ft AMSL (228) 232 " ND ND 263 WSD35 (210) (241) 282(260) 900ft AMSL WSP36 POSSIBLE ND 1 000ft AMSL 246(224) VESSEL ND 164(142) (920) (288) (257) 259 (94) Paya WSP3 (237) Lebar 750ft AMSL 197(175) ND WSD33 (208) 282 WSR38 (195) 500ft AMSL ft AMSL (260) ND ND WSD (323) (149) RW02L 500ft AMSL 538 (739) (302) ND (585) ' 56.40"N (516) (562) ' 38.88"E (339) C02LS (513) 793 (898) (615) 16' 18.82"N (771) 833 (811) ' 41.96"E C02LF POSSIBLE WSP24 13' 54.50"N VESSEL 800ft AMSL ND/WATER ' 41.13"E H O & VAR 31'E (2005) H SINJON DVOR/DME SJ 13' 22"N ' 16" E 60m " SAPAX Aeronautical 09' Information 50.26"N ' 58.20"E Management Service (AIMS) ELEVATIONS 942 HEIHTS (920) - ICAO lobal ATM Operational Concept - SANAT(17.9NM) Quality system (IF) and aeronautical SAMKO(16.5NM) SAPAX (FAF) information C02LF Accuracy, resolution and integrity of (1978) aeronautical data " Common reference systems (978) and ICAO 660 Doc 9674 (World eodetic System) (638) - ELEV Collaborative 22 Decision-making System Wide Information Management Category of Aircraft LNAV/VNAV - Current ICAO flight planning LNAV with step-down fix - ATM Fix community members SANAT Altitude Aeronautical (Height) Information (3978) Service (3978) (AIS) Speed knots role FAF - MAPt within 7.6nmthe ICAO min lobal : s ATM Rate of descent/s ft/min Operational Concept - Future flight information environment CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY SINAPORE H NM NM NM 3.0 Slope 10 NM Transition SANAT from AIS to AIMS SCALE 1 : 400,000 Max IAS 220 kts km - 07' ICAO 48.79"N roadmap for the transition from ' 29.76"E NM AIS to AIMS - Quality system and aeronautical Transition Level : FL 130 (MAPt) information RW02L Transition Alt : MISSED APPROACH - Accuracy, resolution and Climb integrity to 1,000ft, then of climbing left turn to 4,000ft via heading 335 and aeronautical, terrain and PU R-356 obstacle to AKOMAdata (PU R-356/20 DME) and - Common RDH 50reference systems hold or AS DIRECTED and ICAO 20' 56.63" N BY ATC ' 38.93" E Doc 9674 (World eodetic Minimum temperature System for - which Baro-VNAV operations ) (558) are authorized: 15 C - Provision and exchange of electronic aeronautical information - AIMS 530 and (508) the future flight 580 (558) information environment (THR RWY 02L) NAUTICAL MILES FROM THR RWY 02L OCA (OCH) A B C D 5.0 NM 023 NOTE: MARITIME VESSELS OF VARIABLE HEIHTS IN WATER NORTH AND SOUTH OF RWY (IAF) 'E ' ' (Step-down Fix) C02LS 023 PU R-356 H NM CAUTION : Changi East Rwy 02R/20L is solely for use by the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) Aircraft SAMKO SAPAX C02LF C02LS RW02L AKOMA (3878) (2478) (1648) (558) (3978) : 31 3 : 48 3 : 03 2 : R-168 SJ AKOMA PU R-356/ 20 DME 45' 22"N ' 43"E Aeronautical Information Management Tools/Products/Services - Aeronautical Information Exchange CHANES : Reprint WSSS AD SEP 08 PU R-356 WSP36 POSSIBLE SEL 1 000ft ALT VESSEL (260) WSD34 WSD35 ND 500ft ALT 900ft ALT 246 _ ND PAYA ND (224) LEBAR (142) (237) 116 (288) (94) _ (920) LIHT ACFT LIHT ACFT (257) TRAININ KUALA LUMPUR FIR TRAININ AREA B AREA A ft ALT (175) (999) WSD33 500ft ALT 3 500ft ALT 4 000ft ALT (208) FIR KUALA LUMPUR 20' 20' ND 282 SINAPORE FIR ND (260) FIR SINAPORE N WSP3 (195) SINAPORE CAUTION : WSD ft ALT CHANI 500ft ALT Runway 02R/20L ND (323) (149) ND is solely for use by 538 (516) (739) 324 Republic of Singapore POSSIBLE (585) 584 BEDOK (562) (302) VESSEL (339) NDB 232 Air Force (RSAF) Aircraft 793 BED 637 (771) 535 (898) (615) 833 (513) (811) WSR38 NOTE : ft ALT MARITIME VESSELS WSP24 ND 800ft ALT OF VARIABLE HEIHTS ND/WATER IN WATER NORTH AND SOUTH OF RWY SINJON DVOR/DME SJ NOTE 2 : SEE FLIP SIDE FOR SCALE 1 : 400,000 DETAILS OF PAPI MEHT MNM ALT km ELEVATIONS HEIHTS (920) WSD4 FL ' ND/WATER NM SAMKO Max IAS 220 kts 05' 29.51"N ' 54.86"E 14 DME SJ 356 AIP AMDT 5/08 BEARINS ARE MANETIC ALTITUDES, ELEVATIONS AND HEIHTS IN FEET KON KON NDB 286 KK 30' TRANSIT CHANNEL 2 000ft ALT ND (578) CTR B PAPA UNIFORM (598) DVOR/DME CTR A (398) (278) PU (385) (308) SEMBAWAN SELETAR (999) SEMBAWAN 263 NDB 325 (210) (241) A SELETAR (228) NDB VAR 31'E (2005) AMSL SEMBAWAN ATZ D 310 SELETAR CTR C AMSL PAYA LEBAR CTR D AMSL STRAITS OF SINAPORE ' 'E ' VISUAL APPROACH PROCEDURE 1. An IFR flight operating into Singapore Changi Airport may be cleared for a visual approach subject to the following conditions :- a) The pilot has the aerodrome in sight and can conduct his approach with visual reference to terrain; b) The flight will not cause delay to other traffic; c) There is no conflicting tall vessel movement; d) The cloud ceiling at the aerodrome is 4,000ft or more for landing on RWY 20C/R and 3,000ft or more for on RWY 02C/L ; and e) The visibility at the aerodrome is 5km or more. 2. Notwithstanding para 1d) and 1e), if the pilot reports that he has the aerodrome in sight and can conduct his 10' approach with visual reference to terrain, the flight may be cleared for a visual approach. N3. Pilots may expect radar vectoring for separation and sequencing with other traffic prior to being cleared for a visual approach. - Digital NOTAM - Electronic AIP CHANES : Reprint. - Provision of aeronautical information in the cockpit Electronic Terrain and Obstacle Data (etod) - ICAO etod Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) - Aerodrome mapping data - Doc 9881 (ICAO etod Manual) - Annex 15 etod SARPs and ISO Standards - Electronic aerodrome terrain and obstacle chart - Planning and implementation of etod SARPs by States WSSS AD SEP 08 SINAPORE/SINAPORE CHANI AERODROME ELEV 22 ft APPROACH APP HEIHTS RELATED CHART - ICAO TO AD ELEV TWR ' 'E ' CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY SINAPORE SUNEI JOHOR SUNEI TEKON DVOR/DME VTK LEBAM CHANI CTR C AMSL TANJUN PINAN NORTH ZONE CTR B AMSL/ BATAM ATZ C AMSL AIP AMDT 5/08 30' 20' N 10' This course provides an in-depth understanding of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) s English language proficiency requirements for international civil aviation. It also provides participants with hands-on practice on the use of English and radiotelephony (RTF) phraseologies commonly used by pilots and air traffic controllers under the guidance of a language specialist. Participants will learn how to use plain English in emergency and abnormal situations, improve their fluency in the English language and also gain confidence in the use of RTF phraseologies. ICAO Documentation and Steps to Implementation - Doc 9835 (Manual on the Implementation of ICAO Language Proficiency Requirements) - Annex 1 (Personnel Licensing) - Annex 6 (Operation of Aircraft) - Annex 10 (Aeronautical Communications Vol II) - Annex 11 (Air Traffic Services) - Doc 4444 (Procedures for Air Navigation Services Air Traffic Management) RTF Phraseologies, Telecommunication Procedures and Techniques - Definitions and overview - ood RTF techniques - Aeronautical mobile service - Radiotelephony procedures and communications - Commonly used terms ICAO Language Proficiency Rating Scale and Holistic Descriptors - Definitions and overview - Linguistic assessment techniques to apply when using the rating scale - Use of the rating scale to effectively gauge candidates proficiency level Use of the English Language at the Basic and Intermediate Levels Practical Use of Aeronautical English Based on ICAO s Holistic Descriptors - Effective communication in voice only and in face-to-face situations - Accurate and clear communication - Appropriate use of communicative strategies - Effective handling of linguistic challenges Use of Plain English in Air Traffic Emergencies - Responding to emergencies - Conducting emergency procedures Test Parameters and Language Proficiency Test PREREQUISITES PREREQUISITES AIS managers responsible for the functioning and planning of AIS developments and their implementation. Be proficient in the English Language 5 days Have completed the Basic Aeronautical Information Services course or its equivalent AIS managers responsible for the functioning and planning of AIS developments and their implementation Preferably at least 3 years experience in a senior AIS portfolio Operational and in-training pilots and air traffic controllers, ATS managers, proficiency check controllers, aerodrome and airfield safety managers, pilot instructors as well as airline flight safety inspectors and managers. Participants need to have a basic command of the English language to benefit from the course. 3 weeks 4 5

5 Aeronautical English: Train the Tester Workshop Aeronautical Search and Rescue Operations This workshop provides a better understanding of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) s English language requirements for international civil aviation and the skills and tools required to build a suitable test method based on ICAO s guidance material and scenarios relevant to their job. Partcipants will also benefit from the sharing of knowledge and methodologies with other regulators and language specialists. This course provides theoretical and practical knowledge on aeronautical search and rescue (SAR) operations and prepares participants to conduct SAR operations in their respective Rescue Coordination Centres (RCCs). eneral SAR procedures as well as procedures relating specifically to aeronautical SAR will be covered. Participants will also have an opportunity to observe a full-scale SAR exercise for a better feel of how the theories discussed are applied in an operating environment. ICAO Documentation and Steps to Implementation - Doc 9835 (Manual on the Implementation of ICAO Language Proficiency Requirements) - Annex 1 (Personnel Licensing) - Annex 6 (Operation of Aircraft) - Annex 10 (Aeronautical Communications Vol II) - Annex 11 (Air Traffic Services) - Doc 4444 (Procedures for Air Navigation Services Air Traffic Management) ICAO Language Proficiency Rating Scale and Holistic Descriptors - Definitions and overview - Linguistic assessment techniques to apply when using the rating scale - Use of the rating scale to effectively gauge candidates proficiency level Radiotelephony Phraseologies - Identifying potentially ambiguous phraseology - Ways to reduce risks of misinterpretation - Recommended practices Practical Use of the ICAO Rating Scale Definition, Types and Qualities of Language Testing - Nature and major types of language testing - Pros and cons of direct and indirect methods of screening - Suggested ways of screening - Reliability, validity and practicality of language testing Stages in Testing: Planning, Building, Trialing and Administration - Salient features and tasks required at each stage Roles and Responsibilities of Examiners - Code of ethics: International Language Testing Association - The nine principles identified by the code of ethics Qualifications of programme test developers Development of a Rating Scale Checklist Theory eneral SAR Procedures - SAR organisation - SAR resources - Communications - SAR operating procedures - RCCs and rescue sub-centres - Meteorological information for SAR - Air search patterns - Conduct of search - Supplies and equipment - Rescue of survivors - International provisions - Public relations/handling the media - International aeronautical and maritime search and rescue - Requirements of search coefficient - Case studies and lessons learnt Aeronautical SAR Procedures - Aeronautical SAR organisation - Aeronautical RCC administration - Additional SAR resources - Aeronautical SAR operating procedures - Charts and maps - Basic navigation - Sea and land search areas, techniques and effort allocation - Plotting exercises - SAR computer programming SAR Exercise (SAREX) Paper SAREX Trains participants to coordinate, direct and control aeronautical SAR operations under simulated SAR situations Full-scale SAREX Participants will have the opportunity to observe a full-scale SAREX at the Singapore RCC which includes participation by the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore, Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Republic of Singapore Navy, Police Coast uard, Singapore Civil Defence Force and Changi Airport roup s Airport Emergency Services PREREQUISITES Those directly responsible for the development of Aeronautical English testing methods for pilots and air traffic controllers, ATS managers, proficiency check controllers, aerodrome and airfield safety managers, pilot instructors as well as airline flight safety inspectors and managers. Participants should be able to demonstrate language proficiency at the Expert level (i.e. Level 6). 5 days Air traffic controllers or personnel from civil aviation authorities, airport authorities/ operators, military agencies, airport emergency services and other government agencies who are responsible for performing functions related to aeronautical SAR in a RCC. 7 weeks 6 7

6 Air Traffic Services Resource Management and Training Workshop Air Traffic Services Safety Management and Investigation This workshop provides an in-depth understanding of Air Traffic Services (ATS) resource management, including staff recruitment, ICAO licensing standards and requirements, ATC training plan and on-the-job training. It also examines key issues on ATS safety management, human factors, effective communication and interpersonal skills. This course examines key issues relating to safety management and investigation in Air Traffic Services (ATS). Critical principles of ATS safety oversight, contemporary safety investigation techniques as well as the theory and practice of human factors concepts relating to ATS safety events are covered. The course also provides participants with the knowledge and skills to effectively manage and investigate safety within ATS operations. Module I: Recruitment, Training and Licensing ATS Staff Recruitment - Selection criteria - Aptitude test ATS Manpower Planning - Operational requirements - Manpower deployment ICAO Licensing for Air Traffic Controllers - Legislation and standards - ATS training requirements ICAO Licensing Medical Requirements - ICAO Class 3 medical assessment ATC Training (Structured) - ATS training plan - Assessment procedures and standards ATC Training (On-the-job Training) - Systematic approach Safety Management in ATS - Safety policy, principles and audits Monitoring Performance and Standards - Operational standards - Performance monitoring - Corrective actions Module II: Managing Human Factors and Communications Human Factors in ATS - Understanding human factors in ATS - The human element - Strengths, weaknesses and limitations of the human system Stress Management - Underlying causes of stress - Effects of stress on individual performance - Effective stress management and coping mechanisms Effective Communication Skills - Key elements of communication - Styles and approaches Interpersonal Skills - Motivation and persuasion - Strategies for handling conflicts - Constructive criticism - Adding impact to communication Module I: ATS Safety Management ATS Resource Management ATS Regulation Safety Management Systems in ATS ATS Safety Audit Processes Strategic Safety Management Planning Risk and Hazard Management Cultural Considerations in ATS Operations Enhancing Safety Culture Emergency Procedures Training for Air Traffic Control Officer The Airline Industry Perspective - Technology and safety of air traffic management Module II: ATS Safety Investigation Introduction to ATS Safety Investigation - ICAO Annex 13 (Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation) - Purpose and objectives - Role of an ATS investigator - Investigator qualities and ethics Introduction to Human Factors in ATS Human Performance Considerations - Information processing - Situational awareness - Decision-making and communication - Stress and fatigue Understanding Human Error Human Factors Models as Investigative Tools - Individual versus systemic approaches - Reason and SHEL model - Practical application: Dryden accident Safety Investigation in Practice - Interviewing techniques for safety investigators - The legal perspective: ATC and the law - Communication skills for ATS investigators Managers, supervisors and personnel who are responsible for the planning and management of ATS resources as well as the training of air traffic controllers. 2 weeks ATS managers, supervisors, safety managers, investigators, trainers and inspectors who are involved in or going to be involved in ATS safety management and investigation from both civil and military ATS providers and regulators. 2 weeks 8 9

7 Basic Aeronautical Information Services Human Factors in Air Traffic Services Workshop This course provides participants with the necessary knowledge and skills required to manage aeronautical information and data in accordance with ICAO s Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) of Annexes 4 (Aeronautical Charts) and 15 (Aeronautical Information Services). Participants will have a better understanding of the purpose, scope and use of aeronautical information handled by Aeronautical Information Services (AIS) and the processes and procedures implicated in the timely provision of quality aeronautical information, including aeronautical charts. This workshop provides an in-depth understanding of the concept of human factors in Air Traffic Services (ATS) and the corresponding training requirements to meet the licensing standards set by ICAO Annex 1 (Personnel Licensing). It also focuses on the disciplines of human factors, their applications and ways to improve human performance in ATS. Issues such as hazard assessment, risk management and ATS automation are also examined. Introduction to AIS Notices to Airmen (NOTAM) Aeronautical Charts - Organisation, responsibilities, functions and objectives of AIS - ICAO documents - Origin, scope and type of aeronautical information - Exchange of aeronautical information and communication requirements - Provision of raw aeronautical information/data - Use of languages, ICAO abbreviations and automation in AIS Integrated Aeronautical Information Package - Aeronautical information publication (AIP) - AIP amendments and supplements - Notices to airmen (NOTAM) - Pre-flight information bulletin (PIB) - Aeronautical information circular (AIC) - Checklists and lists of valid NOTAM Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) - Content and format of AIP - Preparation of an AIP Amendment - eneral AIP specifications - AIP amendments and supplements - Specimen AIP and explanatory notes Officers who have just joined AIS and seek to attain the basic knowledge of AIS and officers who are already working in a position in AIS and seek to cover all other aspects of AIS. - NOTAM origination - eneral NOTAM specifications and distribution - NOTAM format and selection criteria - NOTAM on snow and volcanic activities - Trigger NOTAM - List of valid NOTAM Aeronautical Information Circular (AIC) - Origination - eneral specifications and distribution Aeronautical Information Regulation and Control (AIRAC) - Need for regulated system and control - Information notified by AIRAC - AIRAC significant dates and schedule Briefings - Pre-flight and post-flight information briefing - Automated briefing systems - Pre-flight information bulletin - Plotting areas on chart PREREQUISITES Be proficient in the English Language Have an aviation background, preferably in the operations (ground or air) department - Need for aeronautical charts - Mandatory and non-mandatory ICAO charts - rouping of ICAO aeronautical charts - Aeronautical charts in an AIP - eneral specifications of aeronautical charts - Charting symbols - Relief portrayal on instrument approach chart - Aeronautical data on charts Copyrights, Implementation and Differences to ICAO SARPs - Copyrights and charges for aeronautical information - Planning and implementation of ICAO SARPs by States - Filing of differences to ICAO SARPs - Publication of differences to ICAO SARPs by States Site Visit to the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore s AIS Unit 1 week 4 days Definition of Human Factors in ATS - SHEL Model - ICAO core human factors concepts - The goal of human factors in ATS Human Information Processing - Attention and perception - Situation awareness - Decision-making and planning - Diagnosis and problem solving Understanding Human Performance Human Strengths and Weaknesses - What are humans good at? - Multi-tasking and mental workload - Applied physiology and mental performance Stress and Performance - Stress, fatigue, distraction, alertness and vigilance: How are they related? - Effective stress management and coping strategies Operational and Safety Performance in Air Traffic Management (ATM) - The nature of human error - Types and sources of human error - Performance Shaping Factors - Human error model Teamwork in ATM - Basic concepts of Team Resource Management - Team situation awareness and decision-making - Team culture and differences - Team workload management Basic Concepts of Threat and Error Management - Threats, errors and undesired states in air traffic control Human Factors in Safety Management - eneral modes of organisational safety - Safety assurance in organisational changes Basic Ergonomics Principles in ATM Function Allocation and System Design - Effective design and implementation of technology - Operational procedure design - Emergency fallback mode procedures - Testing and validation Automation in ATM - oals and application of automation - Constraints on automation within ATC - Impact and constraints of automation and new innovations Applying Human Factors in ATS - Categories of human factors issues and impact roup Exercises Chiefs of ATS units, air traffic controllers and managers, standards officers, safety managers and regulators responsible for safety oversight of ATS, accident and incident investigators, flight service officers, apron control and ramp safety officers and regulators, ATS providers and safety regulators from civil and military units. 5 days 10 11

8 ICAO PANS-OPS Instrument Procedures Design (Continued) This course provides training in the theory and applications of the specifications contained in ICAO Doc 8168 (Procedures for Air Navigation Services). Participants will learn how to apply general criteria for procedures design as well as specific criteria for nonprecision approaches using conventional navigation, precision approaches and area navigation (RNAV), including global navigation satellite system (NSS) non-precision approaches. Criteria for helicopter operations and applications of vertical navigation (VNAV) are also covered. Besides covering the latest developments in these areas, it also examines the required applications of electronic geographic databases, prevalent applications of computer-aided techniques requiring increased emphasis and quality assurance processes. Practical laboratory procedure design sessions are also included. The course is in line with recommendations from the Instrument Flight Procedures Panel. Module II: Criteria for RNAV, NSS and RNP Area Navigation (RNAV) - eneral principles - Earth-referenced navigation - Path definition - Very high frequency omnidirectional radio range distance measuring equipment (DME) RNAV Vertical Navigation (VNAV) - Principles of Baro VNAV - Final approach segment - Vertical path definition - Temperature effects and compensation - Missed approach - Promulgation of procedures - Practical laboratory design exercise Required Navigation Performance (RNP) - eneral principles - Navigation performance - Containment and RNP - Approach criteria - Missed approach - Procedure construction - Promulgation lobal Navigation Satellite System (NSS) - Introduction to NSS - Path definition - Earth model - Calculation of fixes and paths - Airborne equipment operation - Procedures criteria and application - Practical exercise Augmented NSS - System operations - Satellite and ground-based augmentation systems - Path definition - Lateral and vertical - Design criteria - Final approach segment (FAS) - FAS data block RNAV/NSS/RNP Departures - eneral criteria - Straight - Turning - NSS departure exercise Flight Validation Procedures Assignments and Examinations ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS Module I: eneral Criteria and Conventional Practices ICAO s Standards and Recommended Practices - Overview of ICAO - Instrument procedure design and promulgation ICAO Documentation - Doc 8168 (Procedures for Air Navigation Services Aircraft Operations, Vol I Flight Procedures and Vol II Construction of Visual and Instrument Flight Procedures) - Construction Manual - Charting Manual - Annex 4 (Aeronautical Charts) - Annex 10 (Aeronautical Telecommunications) - Annex 11 (Air Traffic Services) - Annex 14 (Aerodromes) - Other related documents eneral Criteria - Aircraft speeds: Indicated air speed and true air speed - Altitude and temperature effects - Descent and climb gradients and rates - Turn rates and radii - Procedure segments and parameters - Obstacle clearance principles - Establishing altitudes Non-precision Approach - Navigation systems - Criteria for segments - Final approach - Obstacle clearance altitude/height - Missed approach - Practical design laboratory exercise Precision Approach (Instrument and Microwave Landing System) - Facilities and equipment - Principles of precision approach - Criteria for segments - Precision segment - Obstacle assessment surfaces - Collision Risk Model - Practical design laboratory exercise Instrument Departures: Conventional - eneral principles and criteria - Aircraft performance - Departure types - Areas and construction - Obstacle evaluation - Practical design exercise Helicopter Procedures - Performance parameters (Cat H) - Principles of criteria - Procedures to runways (Cat H) - Point-in-space procedures Operational personnel from civil aviation authorities and airport authorities/ operators, air traffic services providers and airline operators, or organisations who require in-depth knowledge of the principles and applications of instrument procedures design standards and criteria. Be proficient in the English language Have achieved a level of Mathematics competency equivalent to high school standard Participants must enclose documentary evidence together with their application form to show that they satisfy one of the following criteria: - Be a qualified pilot - Have an engineering background - Have experience in a field providing knowledge of aircraft instrument operations Module I: 5 weeks Module II: 3 weeks Full course: 8 weeks 12 13

9 On-the-job Training Instructors Safety Audits of Air Traffic Services This course provides On-the-job training (OJT) instructors with comprehensive knowledge on the systematic approach to a structured OJT. It provides instructional and developmental skills to help OJT instructors meet their obligations relating to effective supervision and training. It also examines key techniques of effective communication and interpersonal dynamics to improve instructor-trainee relationship. This course provides participants with an in-depth understanding of international requirements, as well as the principles and skills necessary for the effective planning and conduct of safety audits of air traffic services (ATS). Areas covered include procedures, regulations, operations, equipments, personnel licensing and training. Systematic Approach to OJT - OJT instructor s role and responsibilities - Planning, preparing and organising OJT - Phases of training - Components of individualised training - Techniques to achieve training objectives - Common mistakes made during debriefing - Factors that help or hinder OJT - Management of abnormal and emergency situations - Assessment and report of performance: Procedures, methods and criteria - Evaluation of assessment - Review of training programme Effective Communication and Interpersonal Skills - Role of communication - Primary communication styles and processes - Barriers to good communication - Creating the right mindset for performance - Influencing behaviour through communication - Behaviour-focused communication - Briefing: Objectives and scope of training session - Monitoring trainees performance and appraisal criteria - Addressing performance problems - Correcting trainees errors - Debriefing and evaluating trainees performance Managers, supervisors and operational personnel who are currently responsible or are about to be assigned duties for the planning and conduct of OJT for missioncritical functions including air traffic control, apron and ramp management and flight information services. - Managing difficult situations - Motivating and influencing through effective communication - Strategies and skills for handling conflict - Importance of managing constructive criticism - The eight-step feedback process - Effective management: Instructortrainee relationship 5 days Module I: ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management Systems Requirements Safety Audits - Defining the role and responsibilities of safety auditors - Developing procedures for safety audits - Planning safety audits - Analysing the safety audit process - Defining key findings and classifications of safety audits - Developing safety recommendations and observations - Finalising safety audit reports - Following up on safety audits Module II: ICAO PANS ATM Doc 4444 Requirements Part 1 Principles for Safety Audits - Proactive identification of system faults before deficiency occurs - Identification of positive system functions and highlight of good practices - Identification of non-compliance or non-adherence of standards and procedures - Analysis of processes and situations which could lead to non-compliance or non-adherence - Indication of strengths and weaknesses in key areas - Provision of clear guidelines for improvement Part 2 Scope of Safety Audits Regulatory Provisions - ATS operations manuals, unit instructions and air traffic control coordination procedures - Provisions for ATS route structure - Application of prescribed separation minima - Provisions for visual or radar observation of manoeuvring areas - Procedures for low visibility aerodrome operations - Maintaining traffic volumes and controller workload - Procedures for failure or degradation of ATS systems, including communications, navigation and surveillance (CNS) - Procedures for reporting of incidents and the need for remedial action Operational and Technical Issues - Environmental working conditions - eneration and display of flight plan, control and coordination data - Design of equipment: Input and output devices for automation systems - CNS and other significant safety systems and equipment Licensing and Training Requirements - Training and licensing of controllers with valid ratings - Maintenance of competency through refresher training - Maintenance of efficient teamwork - Implementation of new or amended procedures and updated communications, surveillance and other safety significant systems - Maintenance of proficiency in the English language - Use of standard phraseologies Personnel from civil aviation authorities, airport authorities/operators, ATS regulators and providers who are involved in the planning and/or conduct of safety audits of ATS, as well as safety managers and system planners who are responsible for the safety oversight of ATS. 5 days 14 15

10 Search and Rescue Administrators Seminar on CNS/ATM (Including Latest Developments in NSS/ ADS-B and PBN) This course provides theoretical and practical knowledge on planning and management of search and rescue (SAR) organisations. It equips those involved in SAR operations with the knowledge and skills required to carry out their respective roles effectively and efficiently in an integrated emergency response system. This seminar covers communications, navigation and surveillance/air traffic management (CNS/ATM) including a detailed review of the underlying CNS systems. It focuses on the global navigation satellite system automatic dependent surveillance broadcast and performance-based navigation by explaining the basic concepts, system development and latest developments. The latest implementation programmes in Asia Pacific are also covered. Administrative Organisation of SAR International Provisions SAR Operating Procedures - Role of SAR headquarters and rescue coordination centres (RCCs) - SAR units - Responsibilities of SAR organisations and coordinators - Coordination in a major operation - SAR policy and procedures - Public relations Organisation of SAR Service - Role of individual elements of a SAR organisation - Coordination of SAR activities - Need for a lead agency - Harmonisation of aeronautical and maritime systems - Other consultative bodies Overview of a SAR System and Its Components - Legal framework - Responsible authority and administration - Establishment of SAR, RCCs and rescue sub-centres - Development of national SAR services Communications in SAR - Minimum requirements for a SAR communication network - Terrestrial communications - Satellite communications - ICAO conventions - SAR Annex to ICAO conventions and ICAO SAR manual - International Maritime Organisation (IMO) conventions - Joint ICAO/IMO working group and SAR manual - Harmonisation of aviation and maritime SAR procedures - lobal maritime SAR plan - SAR point of contact - Functions of other international organisations relevant to SAR - Cooperation between neighbouring countries In-country Cooperative Arrangements - Importance of coordination and cooperation - Coordination of government efforts - Cooperative arrangements with domestic resources - Organisation of the cooperation SAR Agreements - Importance and advantages of agreements - Example of agreements and standard text/clauses - Types of agreements - Working with agreements - Joint exercises and exchanges - Emergency procedures - Contingency plan for dealing with a major crisis - Surface rescue equipment and methods - Recording, reporting and abbreviations - Rescue of survivors - Determination of SAR resources Funding for SAR Units - Types of funding: Private, government and cost-sharing - Payment for volunteers - National budget for SAR - Upkeep of rescue equipment and supplies eneral Trends and Future Developments in SAR - Borderless SAR - Technical cooperation - Use of advanced technology in SAR - Nodal Mission Control Centre Site Visits to Various SAR Facilities and Supporting SAR Agencies SAR Exercise (SAREX) - Participants will have the opportunity to observe a full-scale SAREX at the Singapore RCC which will include participation by the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore, Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore, Republic of Singapore Air Force, Republic of Singapore Navy, Police Coast uard, Singapore Civil Defence Force and Changi Airport roup s Airport Emergency Services. Overview of CNS/ATM - Development of the CNS/ATM system concept - CNS/ATM system benefits Communications, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) - Communications: High frequency (HF), very HF, ultra HF, secondary surveillance radar mode select and satellite - Aeronautical telecommunications network (ATN) - Operations with controller-pilot data link communications and automatic dependent surveillance (ADS) - Aeronautical message handling system (AMHS) lobal Navigation Satellite System (NSS) - Introduction to NSS - Basics of position determination from satellites - Augmentation systems - NSS performance: Accuracy, availability, integrity, vulnerability - New developments in global positioning system - alileo and other new systems - Multi-sensor systems and NSS and inertial navigation system integration - World geodetic system 1984 Surveillance - Dependent and independent surveillance - Overview of ADS Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) - Introduction to ADS-B - Basics of ADS-B - Multilateration - round and airborne equipment requirements - Further applications - Developments and implementation in Asia Pacific Performance-based Navigation (PBN) - Evolution from area navigation (RNAV) - Definition and use of required navigation performance (RNP) - Use of the PBN manual - Practical application of PBN - PBN-based approach designs including RNP: Approval required - Environmental benefits of PBN - ICAO procedures for air navigation services: Aircraft operations and design of NSS-based non-precision approaches - Regulation, certification, training and selection of avionics for CNS/ATM Visits and Demonstrations - Singapore Air Traffic Control Centre, AMHS and simulators as well as the SITA Communications Centre - Demonstrations of the latest PS avionics and ADS-B equipment Senior-level personnel such as chiefs or deputy chiefs involved in the management and administration of a SAR organisation or unit. 2 weeks Personnel responsible for the planning, implementation, operations and management of CNS/ATM, NSS, ADS-B and PBN from civil aviation authorities, airport authorities/ operators, airlines, ATS and communications service providers, government transport and military agencies 5 days 16 17

11 Aerodrome Control Approach Control (Procedural) This course provides participants with the theory, principles and practice of aerodrome control in accordance with ICAO s Standards and Recommended Practices and prepares them for validation training at an aerodrome control tower. This course provides participants with the theory, principles and practice of approach control (procedural) in accordance with ICAO s Standards and Recommended Practices and prepares them for validation training at an approach control (procedural) unit. Theory (3 weeks) Air Traffic Control Procedures - Area of responsibilities - Functions of an aerodrome control tower - Aeronautical ground lights - Information on aerodrome conditions - Lights and pyrotechnic signals - Runway-in-use - Visual flight rules (VFR)/instrument flight rules/special VFR - Taxi circuit - Traffic on the manoeuvring area - Traffic circuit - Departing/arriving aircraft - Approach/aerodrome separation standards - Coordination between approach control and aerodrome control - Turbulence Aerodromes and round Aids - Reference code - Physical characteristics of an aerodrome - Obstacles - Visual ground aids Emergency Procedures - Distress and urgency messages - Types of emergencies - Airport emergency plans - Search and rescue phases Telecommunications Procedures - Distress and urgency radio communications - Radio navigation facilities Aviation Meteorology - Types of meteorological information and action by air traffic services units on receipt of information - Altimeter setting procedures - Runway visual range - Automatic terminal information service Practical (5 weeks) Training on Aerodrome Simulator - Planning and controlling of aerodrome traffic - Using correct radiotelephony phraseologies - Proper coordination with other units - Effective handling of emergency situations - Marking of flight progress strips Site Visits to Various Air Traffic Services Units Theory (3 weeks) Approach Control Procedures - Approach control responsibilities - Coordination among various air traffic services (ATS) units - Air traffic control clearance - Separation standards - Special visual flight rules flights - Standard instrument departures and arrivals - Visual approaches - Holding procedures - Instrument approach procedures - Approach sequence - Information for arriving aircraft - Approach clearance - Mach number technique and area navigation Telecommunication Procedures - Aeronautical mobile service - Distress and urgency radio communications - Categories of messages handled by the aeronautical fixed telecommunications network - ATS messages Emergency Procedures - Recognising an emergency situation - Emergency transponder code - Types of emergencies - Flight crew s actions and responsibilities - Actions to be taken by ATS units Search and Rescue - Functions of the search and rescue organisation - Search and rescue phases - Initiation of alerting action - Search and rescue units Practical (5 weeks) Training on Procedural Simulator - Application of approach control procedures to arriving, departing and overflying aircraft operating under normal conditions and in emergency situations - Using of correct radiotelephony phraseologies - Proper coordination with other units Site Visits to Various ATS Units ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS Between 21 and below 45 years of age Be proficient in the English language 8 weeks Between 21 and below 45 years of age Be proficient in the English language 8 weeks Have successfully completed a Basic/Primary Air Traffic Control course Have a rating in Aerodrome Control 18 19

12 Approach Control (Surveillance) Area Control (Procedural) This course provides participants with the theory, principles and practice of approach control (surveillance) in accordance with ICAO s Standards and Recommended Practices and prepares them for on-the-job training at an approach control (surveillance) unit. Thi course provides participants with the theory, principles and practice of area control (procedural) in accordance with ICAO s Standards and Recommended Practices and prepares them for validation training at an area control (procedural) unit. Theory (2 weeks) Radar Theory - Introduction to radar - Elementary principles of radar - Transmission and reception of radar energy - Antennae - Radar equation and radar range - Choice of wavelength - Radar displays - Reference data - Primary radar system diagram - Anti-clutter devices - Secondary surveillance radar - Coding system - Unwanted responses Radar Operating Procedures and Techniques - Basic radar procedures - Use of radar in air traffic control services - Use of radar in flight information services - Radar phraseologies - Use of radar in approach control services - Radar identification and misidentification - Radar separation - Collision avoidance action - Terrain clearance - Radar vectoring to final approach - Surveillance radar approach terminating at two miles - Missed approaches - Wake turbulence - Use of radar in emergencies Practical (6 weeks) Training on Surveillance Simulator - Application of approach control (surveillance) procedures and techniques - Effective handling of emergency situations - Using correct radiotelephony phraseologies - Proper coordination with other units Site Visits to Various Air Traffic Services Units Theory (3 weeks) Air Traffic Services - Area control responsibilities - Flight plans - Air traffic control clearances - Position reporting - Separation standards - Mach number techniques and area navigation - Area control service - Air traffic advisory service - Flight information service - Coordination - Phraseologies Telecommunication Procedures - Aeronautical mobile service - Distress and urgency radio communication procedures - Categories of messages handled by the aeronautical fixed telecommunications network - Air traffic services (ATS) messages Emergency Procedures - Recognising an emergency situation - Emergency transponder codes - Types of emergencies - Flight crew s actions and responsibilities - Actions to be taken by ATS units Search and Rescue - Functions of the search and rescue organisation - Search and rescue phases - Initiation of alerting action - Search and rescue units Practical (5 weeks) Training on Procedural Simulator - Application of area control procedures to arriving, departing and overflying aircraft operating under normal conditions and emergency situations - Using correct radiotelephony phraseologies - Proper coordination with other units Site Visits to Various ATS Units ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS Between 21 and below 45 years of age Be proficient in the English language 8 weeks Between 21 and below 45 years of age Be proficient in the English language 8 weeks Have a rating in Approach Control (Procedural), Area Control (Procedural) or Area Control (Surveillance) Have a rating in Aerodrome Control or Approach Control (Procedural) 20 21