6.0 DRAINAGE STRATEGY

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1 6.0 DRAINAGE STRATEGY 1

2 2

3 1. Introduction 1.1 This framework document results from a number of meetings and information exchanges with the relevant statutory drainage authorities. It records the how the overall drainage strategy for the Earls Court development area has been developed from their feedback and sets out how future development applications should address drainage issues in order to provide a robust, sustainable drainage infrastructure. 2. Summary of Outline Site Wide Management Framework 2.1 The purpose of this framework document is to provide strategic guidance upon which the foul and surface water design and management strategy for each Reserved Matters application should be formulated. The intention of the framework is to ensure that the potentially significant impacts of drainage have been fully considered in the preparation of all Reserved Matters applications and to set out a robust level of design information that can be taken forward to detailed design proposals in response to any grant of planning consent. The framework addresses drainage flow rates and how they are to be controlled, design standards, application of sustainable drainage options, alternative management issues for private and public drainage systems and the interface issues at the RBKC and LBHF administrative boundary. 3. Summary of Requirements under the Relevant Conditions 3.1 The planning conditions related to drainage issues are included below with commentary outlining how this framework document supports the aims of each condition: Condition 2 Development shall not begin until a surface water drainage scheme for the site, based on sustainable drainage principles and an assessment of the hydrological and hydrogeological context of the development, has been submitted to and approved in writing by the Local Planning Authority. The scheme shall subsequently be implemented in accordance with the approved details before the development is completed. Reason To prevent the increased risk of flooding and to improve and protect water quality. The framework lays down standards for designing the surface water systems and how the full spectrum of sustainable drainage options should be considered for implementation in each case. Hydrological context is addressed through the limitations on run-off that have already been agreed. Hydrological context will require each reserved matters applicant to investigate opportunities for infiltration techniques and how these might be impacted by contamination, confined aquifers, seasonal groundwater level changes and the like. Condition 5 No infiltration of surface water drainage into the ground is permitted other than with the express written consent of the Local Planning Authority, which may be given for those parts of the site where it has been demonstrated that there is no resultant unacceptable risk to controlled waters. The development shall be carried out in accordance with the approval details. Reason To ensure protection of controlled waters. The framework encourages infiltration techniques where they are practicable but with the caveat that ground conditions must be suitable. It will be incumbent on reserved matters applicants to accurately establish ground conditions and thus establish risks to controlled waters. Where risks are unacceptably high, other means of sustainable drainage will need to be considered. Condition 7 The development hereby permitted shall not be commenced until such time as a scheme to dispose of foul and surface water, has been submitted to, and approved in writing by, the Local Planning Authority. The scheme shall be implemented as approved. Reason To prevent pollution of the water environment. Note: Where applicable we require details on proposed oil and petrol separators, trapped gullies and sealed roof drainage. This condition is essentially a repeat of Condition 2 and is therefore addressed above. The note appended to the condition refers to means of incorporating pollution prevention measures in the drainage systems. The design standards described in the framework will ensure that these elements are addressed in accordance with current best practice. 4. Existing Drainage Systems 4.1 Investigating Existing Private Systems For each application area, a thorough investigation of existing drainage systems should be carried out. This should include as a minimum: Obtaining the latest Thames Water sewer records Identifying all sources of surface water and foul water disposal including all rainwater downpipes, soil stacks, gullies, drainage channels etc. Carrying out CCTV surveys of buried drainage with thorough connectivity checks to internal sanitary fittings and roofwater/surface water outlets. Where manhole covers are stuck or damaged, suitable measures must be taken to ensure that all manhole/inspection chamber covers are lifted to provide a full assessment of the existing drainage systems. Replacement permanent or temporary covers should be fitted depending on whether the relevant drain system will be retained or removed as part of the proposals. Verifying the existing Thames Water sewers match the invert levels, sizes and materials shown on the TW record drawings to ensure drainage designs take account of actual conditions and avoid potential errors due to inaccurate or incomplete records. Thames Water should be notified where investigations into their assets are intended. Characterising all surface water catchment areas to establish those areas that are contributing to flows in the local storm sewer network and other areas where surface water drains onto adjacent land or is otherwise not connected to the surface water network. This will ensure pre and post development flows can be accurately calculated and matched as required to meet off site flow restrictions. Where entire areas of existing drainage are to be removed under the new construction it will be sufficient to establish the extent of the surface water catchments and make estimates of existing foul flows rather than undertake unnecessary CCTV surveys on pipework that will be entirely removed. 4.2 Diversion/Divestment of Existing Public Sewerage Systems Where proposed development requires diversion or removal of existing Thames Water assets; relevant Section 185 diversion or divestment agreements should be arranged with Thames Water well in advance of any proposed intrusive works to existing sewers. Where diverted sewers are to remain as public sewers the works must be carried out by a contractor approved by Thames Water to carry out such works and the construction should be fully in accordance with current Sewers for Adoption standards. 5. Discharge Rates 5.1 Background - During design development, Thames Water carried out a drainage capacity assessment in response to submission of estimated pre and post development flows by the design team. The receiving sewer network is a combined system with limited capacity to receive the additional foul flows generated by the overall Earls Court development whilst still being able to accommodate reasonable volumes of stormwater. To carry out the flow modelling the overall Earls Court development area was divided up into a series of logical catchments, each with a point of connection to the surrounding Thames Water sewer network. The catchment plan extracted from the Thames Water flow modelling report is indicated in Figure 1 below. During implementation of the overall Earls Court development it is probable that drainage parameters will change as Thames Water carries out infrastructure upgrades and other neighbouring developments come on stream. Reserved Matters applicants should be aware of these changes and a continual dialogue with both Thames Water and the other approving authorities will be required to ensure the relevance of the original modelling results and any new constraints. 5.2 Foul Drainage The foul discharge rates are based on the levels of site occupancy anticipated by the development as it stood in late The foul flows are balanced against a reduction of 50% in the peak 1 year return period, 30 minute duration storm run-off from the equivalent catchment in each case. The tabulated foul and surface water flows are indicated in Table 1, extracted from the Thames Water flow modelling report. 3

4 5.3 Storm Drainage - The permitted storm discharge rates into the Thames Water sewer network are indicated in Figure 1 and Table 1. These are based on a 50% reduction in the peak 1 year return period, 30 minute duration storm runoff from the equivalent catchment in each case. It is anticipated that during detailed design of each Reserved Matters application site there will be changes to both catchment size and the location of proposed connections. Thus the strategy agreed with Thames Water should be used as a guideline to ensure that the aggregate flow into each of the receiving sewers is not exceeded. In this regard; coordination of discharge proposals between neighbouring development sites will also be a requirement. It is assumed that each development site will be seeking to restrict runoff sufficient to meet BREEAM and/or Code for Sustainable Homes surface water discharge sustainability targets and these will in some cases be more stringent than the maximum flow rates indicated in the Thames Water model. The following further principles of surface water discharge should be applied: 6. Where development plots are partitioned into areas smaller than 1000m2, the drainage strategy should be to combine flows with adjacent plots using communally managed attenuation and SUDS provision to avoid a proliferation of small discharges. Single owner development plots significantly larger than 1000m2 should be required to justify any more than 1 or 2 connections on grounds of practicality, avoidance of pumped attenuation solutions etc. Each development plot should make allowance in their storm discharge rates for flows from adjacent public streets or other public realm hard landscaping areas such that the aggregate discharge to the relevant section of the public sewer network still meets the overall targets for each catchment area in Table 1 or other overall flow strategy subsequently agreed with Thames Water and/or the local lead flood authority (LLFA) Green roofs, blue roofs, infiltration techniques and other options for reducing run-off rate and volume should be utilised to augment any BREEAM, Code for Sustainable Homes and/or planning condition requirements that may apply. These concepts are covered in more detail below. Foul Drainage Design Standards and Construction Principles for each Reserved Matters Submission 6.1 On-Plot Foul Drainage - The drainage systems should be designed in accordance with the relevant sections of the Building Regulations, BS EN 752 and BS EN as appropriate. It is anticipated that new National guidance on drainage standards will be introduced during 2014, which are likely to supersede current standards and Building Regulations. Where applicable the new standards should be complied with. Local building drainage should be designed in accordance with BS EN on the cumulative discharge unit method and based on the appropriate frequency of use factor. Pollution prevention measures should be applied in accordance with PPG3 to any discharges from areas where oil or other chemical pollution could be generated. Figure 1 Drainage Catchments and Discharge Points 6.2 Public Realm Foul Drainage - Carrier drains (i.e. drains carrying flows from multiple drainage outlets outside a given building footprint) should be designed based on the requirements of BS EN 752, or in the case of adopted sewers; the current version of Sewers for Adoption or the specific requirements of Thames Water as appropriate. Unless superseded by any of the pending National build standards, the following hydraulic parameters should apply: 7. Pipe Roughness Coefficient - Ks = 1.5mm Self Cleansing Velocity - Minimum design velocity 0.75 m/s. Storm Drainage - Design Standards and Principles for each Reserved Matters Submission 7.1 On-Plot Storm Drainage and Sustainable Drainage (SUDS) Opportunities - The drainage systems should be designed in accordance with the relevant sections of The Building Regulations, BS EN 752 and BS EN as appropriate. It is anticipated that new National guidance on drainage standards will be introduced during 2014, which are likely to supersede current standards and Building Regulations. Where applicable the new standards should be complied with. Pollution prevention measures should be applied in accordance with PPG3 to any discharges from areas where oil or other chemical pollution could be generated. Numerous SUDS techniques are available for plot developers to make a positive contribution to run-off rate and runoff volume reduction. Which solutions are utilised will largely depend on the architectural approach adopted for each Table 1 Drainage Points and Discharge Rates 4 Earls Court RMA EarlsCourtVillage-RMA-SiteWideDrainageandSurfaceWaterManagementFramework-MJ-14thNovember2013 Page 3 14th November 2013 Rev 03 Earls Court RMA EarlsCourtVillage-RMA-SiteWideDrainageandSurfaceWaterManagementFramework-MJ-14thNovember2013 Page 4 th 14 November 2013 Rev 03

5 of the plots set against the selected sustainability standard e.g. BREEAM etc. At ground level, SUDS designs will need to balance the functional and maintenance requirements of public and/or private amenity spaces with the need to limit run-off. At roof level, the need to incorporate renewable energy technologies such as photovoltaics and the like will need to be considered alongside the provision of green and blue roofs. Reserved Matters Applicants should consider the full range of options for run-off control in order to avoid the last resort of merely storing water prior to discharge, particularly if this involves a pumped final discharge. covers the latest regulatory standards and design guidance on sustainable drainage. The London Plan is one of several drainage and SUDS policy documents that make reference to a SUDS hierarchy. The following demonstrates opportunities that should be considered for SUDS in line with the London Plan hierarchy and implemented where applicable, however these should not be considered exhaustive: Storing rainwater for re-use - Roofwater should be recycled for toilet flushing, washing, irrigation and other non potable uses where a) the whole life performance and maintenance liability of the recycling system is truly environmentally and economically sustainable and b) there is no possibility of using infiltration into the ground. c) it is physically possible to do so Recycling systems should be achieved by gravity where practicable (e.g. from storage tanks at high level within buildings) to avoid the need for pumping. Use infiltration techniques, such as porous surfaces in non-clay areas To permit natural infiltration, designs should maximize areas of soft landscaping where the substrate is in contact with natural ground. Porous paving systems should be investigated subject to local ground conditions but may only be useful as a means of attenuation rather than run-off volume reduction through infiltration. Infiltration would not be appropriate where: o contamination is present or could be mobilized by the introduction of run-off o porous soil layers are confined by clays or by adjacent basement structures or retaining walls o increased groundwater flows could increase the risk of damage to structures or foundations including in this case railway tunnels and cuttings o the point of discharge is too close to a boundary with other property thus restraining that property s options for future development and/or opportunities for drainage infiltration Attenuate rainwater in ponds or open water features for gradual release to a watercourse - There are no natural watercourses within a reasonable distance available for this option. Attenuate rainwater by storing in tanks or sealed water features for gradual release to a watercourse There are no natural watercourses available for this option. Discharge rainwater direct to a watercourse - There are no natural watercourses available for this option. Discharge rainwater to a surface water drain Attenuated discharges of stormwater direct from development plots to the new, separate storm sewer network would be permitted but discharge should only take place after all reasonably practicable opportunities for re-use, storage, infiltration and evapo-transpiration have been implemented. Discharge rainwater to the combined sewer Attenuated discharges of stormwater direct from the plots to the combined sewer network would be permitted but discharge should only take place after all reasonably practicable opportunities for re-use, storage, infiltration and evapo-transpiration have been implemented. Sewers in public realm areas outside development plots should be installed at reasonable depth to both avoid the need for pumping (e.g. from basements within the development plots) and to provide maximum flexibility for future development drainage. The following SUDS opportunities should be incorporated in public realm areas where reasonably practicable: Infiltration systems in parks and public areas where the surface is on natural ground and where ground conditions are suitable: - Infiltration systems would be particularly suitable for excess roof drainage, which offers the highest water quality and therefore potentially the lowest pollution risk. The same constraints on the suitability of infiltration systems would apply as those described in 7.1. Infiltration of highway run-off:- This would be subject to the agreement of the relevant highway authority and suitable water quality improvement measures would need to be incorporated prior to any discharge into the ground. Bio retention areas for capturing drainage from public areas and access roads: - These could include an element of infiltration if local ground conditions permit or, where true infiltration is not practicable for the reasons included in 7.1, may hold and release collected run-off, offering a degree of natural treatment. Shallow surface flooding in extreme storm conditions: - This could offer a practicable contribution to the overall attenuation volume required. Sunken gardens and lawn areas would make ideal storm storage areas provided public safety is adequately addressed and any flooding is kept shallow enough to avoid danger. Attenuation storage and suitable flow controls: - This should be achieved using a combination of buried tanks, oversized drains and culverts, granular blankets beneath porous paving etc. Adopted systems will need to comply with the requirements of the adopting authority i.e. Thames Water or the Lead Local Flood Authority as appropriate. 8. Post Development Drainage Management Strategy 8.1 Maintenance responsibility for each Reserved Matters Application site and the areas of public realm between development plots will depend on the type and extent of ownership and whether drainage remains private or becomes adopted by Thames Water under a Section 104 or 102 Agreement. The following maintenance responsibility matrix would apply: Plot Ownership Type Foul Drainage Maintenance Storm Drainage Maintenance Private Plots Plots Under CapCo Ownership Interstitial (public realm) land under CapCo ownership By the plot owner unless delegated to tenants By CapCo unless delegated to tenants By CapCo unless drainage is adopted in which case by Thames Water By the plot owner unless delegated to tenants By CapCo unless delegated to tenants By CapCo unless drainage is adopted in which case by Thames Water 7.2 Public Realm Storm Drainage and Sustainable Drainage (SUDS) Opportunities- Storm drainage to areas that form the public realm between development plots should be designed based on the requirements of BS EN 752, or in the case of adopted sewers: the current version of Sewers for Adoption or the specific requirements of Thames Water as appropriate. Unless superseded by any of the pending National build standards, the following hydraulic parameters should apply: Public Highway Non adopted drainage by CapCo Adopted drainage by Thames Water Non adopted drainage by CapCo Adopted drainage by Thames Water Highway drainage by Highway Authority Pipe Roughness Coefficient - Ks = 0.6mm Self Cleansing Velocity - Minimum design velocity 0.75 m/s. The following drainage maintenance measures should be scheduled into the operation and maintenance programmes for each development: 5

6 Ref Maintenance Item Required Action Frequency Ref Maintenance Item Required Action Frequency 01 Surface Drainage Channels 02 External Gullies 03 Internal Gullies 04 Stormwater Attenuation Systems 05 Pumping Stations To be monitored and cleaned via jetting when any debris/ silt reduces the cross sectional area by 25% or more. Inspection to include both the channel and silt trap/ gully outlets. To be monitored and cleaned with a gully sucker when required. To be monitored for silt build up and cleaned as required. Where provided ensure air traps are primed and sealed to prevent smells. To be monitored for silt build up and cleaned as required. Inspection to be carried by visually inspecting where possible. Any man-entry into the system and silt removal should be by trained personnel with adequate personal protective equipment. Approved safety procedures must be followed. Pumping stations should be operated under a maintenance/ emergency call out contract with a suitably experienced and resourced pump maintenance contractor. It is recommended that a 24 hour call out contract is agreed. The maintenance programme must ensure the station receives all regular maintenance as required by the relevant equipment manufacturer s O&M manual. In addition to the maintenance contract a regular inspection should be carried out by the facilities management team to check general items such as build-up of debris/ silt/ corrosion etc. At longer intervals a full inspection is required by a pumping station specialist to ensure the station is commissioned correctly and any obsolete parts are identified and where necessary brought up to current standards. Inspection Annually and before/after extreme storm events Inspection Annually and before/after extreme storm events Quarterly Yearly Inspection by facilities management or after extreme storm events 5 yearly inspection and report by specialist. Emergency Maintenance as necessary. (24 hour call out). Yearly Inspection by facilities management. 5 yearly inspection and report by pumping specialist. 06 Oil Interceptors Manholes Generally Below Ground Drainage Generally 9. Public & Private Systems in the Public Realm 9.1 TBC Interceptors should be operated under a maintenance/ emergency call out contract with a suitably experienced and resourced maintenance contractor. The maintenance programme must align with the relevant equipment manufacturer s O&M manual. In addition to the maintenance contract a regular inspection should be carried out by the facilities management team to check general items such as build-up of debris/ silt/ corrosion etc. At longer intervals a full inspection is required by a specialist to ensure the alarms and controls are operating correctly and any worn out equipment is replaced. To be inspected for debris and integrity of chambers and covers. Any man-entry into manholes should be by trained personnel with adequate personal protective equipment. Approved safety procedures must be followed. Drainage inspected for integrity and debris by CCTV. 10. Appraisal of cross boundary (between LBHF and RBKC) implications for the development 10.1 TBC 11. Summary / Conclusion 11.1 TBC Emergency Maintenance as necessary. Yearly Inspection by facilities management or after extreme storm events 5 yearly inspection and report by specialist. 5 yearly 10 yearly 6

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