The Role of Quality Evaluation in Seed Production as Exemplified by Soybean Seed Production. Francisco Carlos Krzyzanowski, Ph.D.
|
|
|
- Benjamin Briggs
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Role of Quality Evaluation in Seed Production as Exemplified by Soybean Seed Production Francisco Carlos Krzyzanowski, Ph.D. Embrapa Soybean
2 SEED CERTIFICATION SYSTEM STANDARDS To reach them, several parameters should be followed such as: Genetic and Physical Purity Physiological Quality Seed Health All this three parameters require a very good Seed Testing Laboratory (Personnel and Equipment).
3 Genetic Purity It is the basis to reach high cultivar quality in seed production.
4 Soybean Breeder Seed Basic steps 1. Selection of typical plants of the required breeding line or cultivar in a field plot seeded for this purpose, known as: plant selection block PSB. 2. Usually for soybean the PSB is composed by 8 lines of 12 meters length.
5 Plant Selection Block PSB
6 Plant Selection Usually 400 to 500 plants are selected based on agronomic standard such as: plant height, cycle, leaf format, pubescence and pod colors at the time of maturity.
7 Each plant is threshed individually and its seeds are kept in individual bag. The seeds are evaluated for the following characteristics (genetic descriptor): seed colour, size and format, hilum colour, shape and peroxidase activity. Any atypical plant (seed bag) is discarded..
8 Seed colour
9 Seed size and format
10 Hilum colour
11 Hilum colour seeds from same soybean plant
12 Soybean Breeder Seed Basic steps 3. Progeny line Seeds coming from each selected plant gives origin to one Progeny Line. 40 seeds are sown in a single row of 3 meters length. A total of 300 or 400 lines spaced 0,5 meter wide is the first stage of breeder seed production. All plants are evaluated according to agronomic characteristics of line or cultivar.
13 Progeny line
14 Soybean Breeder Seed Basic steps 3. Progeny line Seeds coming from each selected plant gives origin to one Progeny Line. 40 seeds are sown in a single row of 3 meters length. A total of 300 or 400 lines spaced 0,5 meter wide is the first stage of breeder seed production. All plants are evaluated according to agronomic characteristics of line or cultivar. A line with any atypical plant is discarded.
15 Basic steps Soybean Breeder Seed 3. Progeny line Each approved line is harvested and threshed individually and seeds are evaluated again for genetic characteristics as previously described.
16 Soybean Breeder Seed Basic steps 3. Progeny block Each line gives origin to one Progeny block. In each block are sown 4 lines of 25 meters length spaced every 0,5 meter between them. The remaining seeds of each line are combined to form a bulk and are seeded around the area occupied by the blocks, for purpose of comparing the blocks for plant cycle, height due to soil effect (fertility).
17 Progeny Block
18 Soybean Breeder Seed Basic steps 3. Progeny block If there is some variation in the block for the traits such as: cycle, colour of flower and pubescence, plant height, leaf format, the whole block is discarded.
19 Soybean Breeder Seed Basic steps 3. Progeny block The homogeneous blocks which are considered identical are harvested and threshed individually, their seeds are again compared among the different blocks, based on morphological parameters (genetic descriptor).
20 Soybean Breeder Seed Basic steps 3. Progeny block / genetic seeds Genetic seeds are originated from joining of the homogeneous and identical progeny blocks.
21 Soybean Breeder Seed Peroxidase Activity Another resource to be used in conjunction with morphological traits is the Peroxidase Activity Test. The peroxidase enzyme occurs in most living tissues. It is widely distributed in the plant kingdom, being related to:
22 Soybean Breeder Seed Peroxidase Enzyme 1. Regulating the level of Indol Acetic Acid (IAA), 2. Mechanisms of resistance to diseases, 3. Regulation of membrane permeability, 4. Cell wall formation, 5. Seed dormancy when involved in controlling the entry of oxygen.
23 Soybean Breeder Seed Peroxidase Enzyme The action of peroxidase enzyme in the seed coat of soybean seed can divide the lines and cultivars into two groups with high activity, designated as positive reaction, and low activity, characterized as negative reaction.
24 Soybean Breeder Seed Peroxidase Test Test procedure For each line or cultivar, eight repetitions of one seed is used. Remove one slice of the seed coat, being careful not to let any fragment of the embryonic axis or cotyledons adhere to it, and place it in a test tube along with 10 drops of a 5% solution of Guaiacol.
25 Soybean Breeder Seed Peroxidase Test Test procedure After 10 minutes add one drop of hydrogen peroxide 40 volumes. After 30 to 40 seconds the colour appears or not, this being more evident after few minutes.
26 Soybean Breeder Seed Peroxidase Test Test procedure Cultivars with high peroxidase activity in the seed coat, present Reddish Brown Colour, designated as positive reaction. Cultivars of low activity showing no colour change characterize negative reaction.
27 Soybean Breeder Seed / Peroxidase Test Test procedure Seed coat removal
28 Soybean Breeder Seed / Peroxidase Test Test procedure Seed coat removal
29 Soybean Breeder Seed / Peroxidase Test Test procedure Seed coat removal
30 Soybean Breeder Seed / Peroxidase Test Test procedure Staining
31 Soybean Breeder Seed / Peroxidase Test Test procedure Staining - 10 drops of a 5% solution of Guaiacol.
32 Soybean Breeder Seed / Peroxidase Test Test procedure Staining - one drop of hydrogen peroxide 40 volumes.
33 Soybean Breeder Seed / Peroxidase Test Test procedure Staining - Reddish Brown Colour
34 Soybean Breeder Seed / Peroxidase Test Test procedure Staining - Reddish Brown Colour
35 Soybean Breeder Seed What could be another resource if there is uncertainty about the overall genetic purity of the block. It can still be analysed based on their genetic profile or DNA through the use of Molecular Markers.
36
37 Soybean Breeder Seed / Molecular Markers The evaluation of genetic purity of the soybean seeds based on DNA molecular markers is conclusive, since they do not suffer from environmental influences, and the data obtained are reproducible and stable.
38 Soybean Breeder Seed / Molecular Markers Microsatellite molecular markers are indicated for this type of analyses to be highly polymorphic in soybean, highly reproducible and codominant..
39 Soybean Breeder Seed Microsatellite molecular markers
40 Soybean Breeder Seed Microsatellite molecular markers Satt 179 Satt 181
41 Physical Purity Genetic seed must be free of weed seeds. It means that the seed field has to be clean.
42 Physiological Quality Along with the germination test, the tetrazolium test is one of the most powerful tools to assist in identifying the levels of viability and vigour of soybean seed. The tetrazolium test provides a vigour index, and reveals the causes of seed weakness, such as mechanical damage, field and storage deterioration, stink bug damage, and damage to heat and frost.
43 WEATHERING DAMAGE
44 Determined by the exposure of seeds to high temperature associated with alternate wetting-drying cycles before harvest. rainfall relative humidity dew
45 Rainfall:Pre-Harvest
46 Rainfall:Pre-Harvest
47 Weathering Field deterioration due to seed moisture fluctuation. Hilum Rain Rain RH RH RH 15% MC 19% MC 14% MC RH 18% MC 13% MC
48 Weathering Field deterioration due to seed moisture fluctuation.
49 Consequences presence of wrinkles yield reduction higher susceptibility to mechanical damage reduction in germination and vigour
50
51 Deterioration due to weathering identified by the Tetrazolium test.
52 Evolution of Weathering Damage in Soybean Seed During Storage Danos por umidade na classe 3 (%) Weathering damage - TZ class 3 ( %) High Alto vigor vigour Y 33,9761 0, X R 2 0, 5622 Médio Medium Y 43,5595 0, X R 2 0, Storage period (days) Tempo de armazenamento (dias) CV - Embrapa 48 Source: Moreano (2009) - UEM
53 STINK BUG DAMAGE
54 Stink bug
55 Stink bug Inoculates Nematospora coryli Salivary enzymes Seed Necrosis
56 Stink bug damage
57 Stink bug damage identified by the Tetrazolium test.
58 Stink bug damage identified by the Tetrazolium test.
59 How to minimize the damages caused by stink bugs: Adjust sowing date Monitor the presence of insects: management Apply proper control measures Use less preferred cultivars
60 MECHANICAL DAMAGE
61 Mechanical damage
62 Sources of mechanical damage Threshing cylinders: Bar system Axial system Equipment for seed transport: Elevators Conveyor belts
63 THRESHING CYLINDER BAR SYSTEM
64 THRESHING CYLINDER BAR SYSTEM
65 AXIAL THRESHING SYSTEM
66 MECHANICAL DAMAGE (%) SOYBEAN HARVEST LOSSES AND MECHANICAL DAMAGE MECHANICAL DAMAGE (TZ) MOISTURE CONTENT HEADER LOSSES HEADER LOSSES (bags/há) VIGOUR and VIABILITY (%) SOYBEAN VIGOUR AND VIABILITY MECHANICAL HARVEST MECHANICAL DAMAGE (TZ) VIGOUR (TZ) MOISTURE CONTENT VIABILITY (TZ)
67 Bucket elevator
68 Belt conveyor
69 Belt conveyor
70 Clorox test for estimating mechanical damage Seed without apparent damage Seed with apparent damage
71 Clorox test for estimating mechanical damage Seed with apparent damage
72 Clorox test for estimating mechanical damage Repetition 1 Repetition 2
73 Clorox test for estimating mechanical damage Repetition 1 Repetition 2
74 Screen test for estimating mechanical damage
75 Screen test for estimating mechanical damage
76 clorox test (%) hipoclorito (%) Mechanical damage Screen test X Clorox test 60 Seven Soybean Crops 1998 a 2004 to SAFRAS - SOJA - COMPLETO colhedoras sementes quebradas (%) 1705 harvest broken seeds (%)
77 vigour vigor (%) Mechanical damage Screen test X Vigour 120 Seven Soybean Crops 1998 a 2004 to SAFRAS - SOJA - COMPLETO colhedoras harvest sementes quebradas (%) broken seeds (%)
78 vigour vigor (%) Mechanical Damage Clorox Test X Vigour 100 Seven Soybean Crops 1998 a to SAFRAS - SOJA - COMPLETO harvest 1720 colhedoras hipoclorito (%) clorox test (%)
79 Mechanical damage identified by tetrazolium test.
80 Mechanical damage identified by tetrazolium test.
81 Sanitary seed quality - Phomopsis
82 Sanitary seed quality - Coletotrichum
83 Sanitary seed quality - Fusarium
84 SEED TESTING LABORATORY THE HUB OF A SEED QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM STORAGE PRE - SALE PROCESSING PRE SOWING STL DRYING PRE HARVEST HARVEST RECEPTION
85 INTERNACIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION - ISTA TECHNICAL COMMITTEES RULES FOR TESTING SEEDS LABORATORY ACCREDITATION AND PROFICIENCY TESTING SYSTEM WORKSHOPS ANNUAL MEETING ISTA CONGRESS SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SEED TESTING INTERNATIONAL ISTA provides the knowledge for quality evaluation in seed production.
86 Thank You!
Humidtropics Kiboga/Kyankwanzi Soybean production training
Humidtropics Kiboga/Kyankwanzi Soybean production training Makerere University and Humidtropics collaboration Soybean Seed production Training of Kiboga-Kyankwanzi platform members in Soybean Seed Production
"Fingerprinting" Vegetables DNA-based Marker Assisted Selection
"Fingerprinting" Vegetables DNA-based Marker Assisted Selection Faster, Cheaper, More Reliable; These are some of the goals that vegetable breeders at seed companies and public institutions desire for
Challenges in On farm Drying and Storage of Soybean for Seed in Modern Bin Systems
Challenges in On farm Drying and Storage of Soybean for Seed in Modern Bin Systems Griffiths G. Atungulu University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Introduction Commercial practice allows seed to dry
Farm to Fork. Dr. Clifford Hall
Farm to Fork Dr. Clifford Hall Clifford.Hall@NDSU.edu Dr. Hall is an Associate Professor of Food Sciences at North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, and a Member of the Bean Institute Editorial
Harvesting Dry Bean John Nowatzki, NDSU Extension Agricultural Machine Systems Specialist
Harvesting Dry Bean John Nowatzki, NDSU Extension Agricultural Machine Systems Specialist Estimating Dry Bean Yield Dry bean yields can be estimated by knowing the number of seeds per pod, pods per plant
Changes in Viability, Vigour and Chemical Composition of Soybean Seeds Stored Under the Humid Tropical Conditions
Changes in Viability, Vigour and Chemical Composition of Soybean Seeds Stored Under the Humid Tropical Conditions V. Arulnandhy and Y.D.A. Senanayake Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture University of
PEACH TREE PHYSIOLOGY
PEACH TREE PHYSIOLOGY David W. Lockwood Department of Plant Sciences & Landscape Systems University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996 D. C. Coston Agricultural Experiment Station Oklahoma State University
Table 3. List of descritors for maize
Table 3. List of descritors for maize Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor state Recording stage Remarks number 1 Accession number 2 Total no. of leaves Record the total number of At flowering leaves per plant
Harvesting, Drying, and Storing Malting Barley
Harvesting, Drying, and Storing Malting Barley To Get Market Premiums Maltsters will pay premiums for malting barley that has been harvested in good condition and stored properly. Bright barley with good
Soybean Growth and Development
Soybean Growth and Development Palle Pedersen Soybean Extension Agronomist Department of Agronomy Iowa State University University Extension 515-294-9905 www.soybeanmanagement.info Extension Publication
SEED VIABILITY OF OIL CROPS DEPENDING ON STORAGE CONDITIONS
HELIA, 33, Nr. 52, p.p. 153-160, (2010) UDC 633.854.78:631.53.01.026:631.542.841 DOI: 10.2298/HEL1052153B SEED VIABILITY OF OIL CROPS DEPENDING ON STORAGE CONDITIONS Balešević-Tubić, S. *, Tatić, M., Ðorđević,
ABSTRACT: 142 EFFECT OF STORAGE ON SOYBEAN SEED VIGOR AND EMERGENCE
ABSTRACT: 142 EFFECT OF STORAGE ON SOYBEAN SEED VIGOR AND EMERGENCE RUPE J C 1, CARTWRIGHT R E 2, ROBINSON J 3, COCHRAN K 1, HOLLAND R 1, GOEKE S 1, PALMER A 3 & STEGER A 1 1 University of Arkansas; 2
I. RECOMMENDED PRACTICES BASED ON GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES (GAP) AND GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES (GMP)
CAC/RCP 51-2003 Page 1 of 8 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OF MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION IN CEREALS, INCLUDING ANNEXES ON OCHRATOXIN A, ZEARALENONE, FUMONISINS AND TRICOTHECENES CAC/RCP
LAB TOPIC 4: ENZYMES. Enzyme catalyzed reactions can be expressed in the following way:
LAB TOPIC 4: ENZYMES Objectives Define enzyme and describe the activity of enzymes in cells. Discuss the effects of varying enzyme concentrations on the rate of enzyme activity. Discuss the effects of
FACT SHEET. Production Risk
ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL & MECHANICAL UNIVERSITY SMALL FARMERS RESEARCH CENTER FACT SHEET Production Risk Any production related activity or event that is uncertain is a production risk. Agricultural production
New Directions and Changing Faces for the USDA Sunflower Genetics Research Programs. Brent Hulke, Ph.D. Research Geneticist
New Directions and Changing Faces for the USDA Sunflower Genetics Research Programs Brent Hulke, Ph.D. Research Geneticist Brent s background Grew up on dairy farm in southern MN Agronomy BS from South
Catalase. ***You will be working with hot water, acids and bases in this laboratory*** ****Use Extreme Caution!!!****
AP BIOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY ACTIVITY #9 NAME DATE HOUR CATALASE LAB INTRODUCTION Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is a poisonous byproduct of metabolism that can damage cells if it is not removed. Catalase is
Sample Liver Enzyme Lab
Sample Liver Enzyme Lab Design Aspect 1: Research Question This lab will be driven by the research question, Do changes in temperature have an effect on the activity of the enzyme catalase? Pearson Baccalaureate:
BREEDING CANOLA IN CANADA FOR A CHANGING MARKET
BREEDING CANOLA IN CANADA FOR A CHANGING MARKET Greg Buzza Advanta Seeds, Winnipeg, Canada. The plant breeders aim is to produce a variety, a cultivar, a hybrid, or in other words a product. This product
Culture in field conditions - Challenges A South American point of view Roberto Campos Pura Natura, Argentina
A South American point of view Roberto Campos Pura Natura, Argentina EUSTAS 6 th Stevia Symposium Leuven, July 3 rd and 4 th I. Area of cultivation II. Environment III. Production of seedlings IV. Planting
HARVESTING, DRYING AND STORAGE SOYBEANS Paul E. Sumner, Extension Engineer
Cooperative Extension Service The University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences HARVESTING, DRYING AND STORAGE SOYBEANS Paul E. Sumner, Extension Engineer Producing a high-quality
Research Roadmap for the Future. National Grape and Wine Initiative March 2013
Research Roadmap for the Future National Grape and Wine Initiative March 2013 Objective of Today s Meeting Our mission drives the roadmap Our Mission Drive research to maximize productivity, sustainability
Key Growth Stages. Kent McKay, NCREC. Minot, ND
Growing Peas and Lentils Key Growth Stages Kent McKay, NCREC Area Extension Agronomist Minot, ND Pea and Lentil Growth Stages Seed Germination considerations Growth and development Desiccating Considerations
Exploring Seed Germination by Brad Williamson
Exploring Seed Germination by Brad Williamson Background: Seeds are very remarkable. Laying dormant inside the seed is an embryo plant. Packed with the embryo is enough stored chemical energy to power
The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens. How Sweet It Is: Enzyme Action in Seed Germination
The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens How Sweet It Is: Enzyme Action in Seed Germination Overview This experiment is intended to familiarize students with the macromolecule starch,
Strawberry Leaf Spot
Strawberry Leaf Spot Cathy Heidenreich and Bill Turechek Introduction - Leaf spot is one of the most common and widespread diseases of strawberry. Mycosphaerella fragariae is also the cause of black seed
Phenology. Phenology and Growth of Grapevines. Vine Performance
Phenology and Growth of Grapevines Ker 2007 1 Soil Depth Texture Water and nutrient supply Climate Radiation Temperature Humidity Windspeed Rainfall Evaporation Cultural decisions Vine density Scion and
How To Make A Drought Tolerant Corn
DROUGHT TOLERANT CORN STEVE PADGETTE JOHN GOETTE CHAN MAZOUR Forward Looking Statements Certain statements contained in this presentation are "forward-looking statements," such as statements concerning
COMPOST AND PLANT GROWTH EXPERIMENTS
6y COMPOST AND PLANT GROWTH EXPERIMENTS Up to this point, we have concentrated primarily on the processes involved in converting organic wastes to compost. But, in addition to being an environmentally
Strawberry Anthracnose
Strawberry Anthracnose Bill Turechek and Cathy Heidenreich Introduction - The term anthracnose is a general term used to describe plant diseases. Strawberry anthracnose refers to several diseases of strawberry
Soybean Physiology: How Well Do You Know Soybeans?
Soybean Physiology: How Well Do You Know Soybeans? Shaun Casteel, Purdue University Soybean Extension Specialist www.soybeanstation.org 2010-11, Purdue University - 1 Vegetative Growth Stages Reproductive
Plant and Soil Science I
Plant and Soil Science I Levels: Grades 9-12 Units of Credit: 1.00 CIP Code: 02.0411 Core Code: 30-02-00-00-080 Prerequisite: None Skill Test: # 140 COURSE DESCRIPTION Students will develop knowledge and
Introduction to Plant Propagation. Glenn T. Sako Assistant County Extension Agent CTAHR, UHM
Introduction to Plant Propagation Glenn T. Sako Assistant County Extension Agent CTAHR, UHM Purposes for Plant Propagation Multiply the number of a species Perpetuate a species Maintain the youthfulness
Seeds introduction and selection
Women in Agriculture Training manual for female extension educators Seeds introduction and selection Introduction Part of the fun of growing your own vegetables is choosing from the thousands of varieties
How Much Does Acid Rain Hinder the Growth Height of Brassica rapa Plants Without Other Environmental Stressors?
How Much Does Acid Rain Hinder the Growth Height of Brassica rapa Plants Without Other Environmental Stressors? Author(s) Redacted Abstract: Brassica rapa plants are one of many plants in the environment
PS1-7 - 6121 Influence of storage condition on seed quality of maize, soybean and sunflower
PS1-7 - 6121 Influence of storage condition on seed quality of maize, soybean and sunflower B. Šimic 1,*, A. Sudaric 1, I. Liovic 1, I. Kalinovic 2, V. Rozman 2, J. Cosic 2 Abstract The study was aimed
Virginia Gardener http://www.hort.vt.edu/envirohort
The Virginia Gardener http://www.hort.vt.edu/envirohort Name Help Sheets: Seeds What Is a Seed? A seed is a very young plant that is in the dormant, or resting stage. It is very much alive. There are three
(1) Hybrid Cucumber Seed Production. Samuel Contreras Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
(1) Hybrid Cucumber Seed Production Samuel Contreras Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile (2) Introduction Cucurbitaceae family The Cucurbitaceae
Dry Bean Types and Development Stages
Dry Bean Types and Development Stages Two basic plant growth habits are found in dry edible bean: determinate (bush) or indeterminate (vining or trailing). Cultivars may be classified according to plant
NO-TILL AND NITROGEN FIXING INOCULANTS
NO-TILL AND NITROGEN FIXING INOCULANTS Tom Wacek R & D Director for Urbana Laboratories St. Joseph, Missouri Nitrogen fixation is the utilization of the free gaseous nitrogen in the air by soil bacteria
Effect of moisture on lentil seed germination and growth
Effect of moisture on lentil seed germination and growth By Francisco Javier Hidalgo Zamora, 7º A (This experiment was carried out in collaboration with Robert Henshaw Amado) Objective/Hypothesis The objective
Organic Gardening Certificate Program Quiz Week 3 Answer Key
Q uiz for week 3 readings: 1. The database on the Organic Weed management Website contains the following sections except: A. Picture B. Ecology C. Management D. Description 2. The weed quackgrass can reproduce
JUNIPER TREE NURSERY. Growing The Future Forest Today. A Promise We ve Been Keeping Since 1957.
JUNIPER TREE NURSERY Growing The Future Forest Today. A Promise We ve Been Keeping Since 1957. JUNIPER TREE NURSERY J.D. Irving, Limited has had an active tree growing program since 1957 as part of our
PUTTING FORAGES TOGETHER FOR YEAR ROUND GRAZING
PUTTING FORAGES TOGETHER FOR YEAR ROUND GRAZING Jimmy C. Henning A good rotational grazing system begins with a forage system that allows the maximum number of grazing days per year with forages that are
Soybean Marketing & Production College, Minneapolis, MN. isafarmnet.com
Soybean Marketing & Production College, Minneapolis, MN Peter Kyveryga, Ph.D. Operations Manager of Analytics On-Farm Network, Iowa Soybean Association Technical Editor-Precision Agriculture of the Agronomy
For all turfgrass areas. Now you can test soil reaction at different levels in the soil profile. Check Soil ph on:
Turf-Tec ph Meter Test soil ph in the mat, thatch and above and below the root zone. ph can be checked, 0" to 4" inch level right on the turfgrass area. Simply insert probe to desired depth, allow to stand
Yield Response of Corn to Plant Population in Indiana
Purdue University Department of Agronomy Applied Crop Production Research Update Updated May 2016 URL: http://www.kingcorn.org/news/timeless/seedingrateguidelines.pdf Yield Response of Corn to Plant Population
Jeremiah K.S. Dung Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center Oregon State University
Jeremiah K.S. Dung Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center Oregon State University Species of Pectobacterium and Dickeya Formerly known as soft rot Erwinias P. carotovorum subspecies P. atrosepticum
Fertilizer, Weed Control, Grubs, and General Application Questions
Lawn Care FAQ s Fertilizer, Weed Control, Grubs, and General Application Questions Why do we have so many weeds? Dandelions in particular, weeds in general, do not seem concerned about how long lawn has
Tech Prep Articulation
Tech Prep Articulation Agriculture & Natural Resources Tech Prep Education: Tech Prep education in Missouri is an articulated two-year secondary and two or more year post-secondary education program which:
The Effects of Hydrochloric Acid Concentrations on the Growth of the Plant Brassica Rapa. Worcester State College
Running Head: EFFECTS OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID ON PLANTS Effects Hydrochloric Acid 1 The Effects of Hydrochloric Acid Concentrations on the Growth of the Plant Brassica Rapa Worcester State College Author(s)
Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
INTRODUCTION Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity The chemical reactions occurring in living things are controlled by enzymes. An enzyme is a protein in the cell which lowers the activation energy of a catalyzed
Name Section Lab 5 Photosynthesis, Respiration and Fermentation
Name Section Lab 5 Photosynthesis, Respiration and Fermentation Plants are photosynthetic, which means that they produce their own food from atmospheric CO 2 using light energy from the sun. This process
Light in the Greenhouse: How Much is Enough?
Light in the Greenhouse: How Much is Enough? by: James W. Brown http://www.cropking.com/articlelghe Most of us know that green plants need light for photosynthesis, growth, and development. As important
GRAIN SORGHUM PERFORMANCE TRIALS IN OKLAHOMA, 2011
GRAIN SORGHUM PERFORMANCE TRIALS IN OKLAHOMA, 2011 PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY CROPS OKLAHOMA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES & NATURAL RESOURCES
2014 Flax Weed Control Trial
2014 Flax Weed Control Trial Dr. Heather Darby, UVM Extension Agronomist Susan Monahan, Erica Cummings, Julian Post, and Sara Ziegler UVM Extension Crops and Soils Technicians 802-524-6501 Visit us on
runing & Orchard Renewal
P runing & Orchard Renewal Richard G. St-Pierre, Ph.D. (January 2006) The Basics Of Pruning & Orchard Renewal Pruning is defined as the art and science of cutting away a portion of a plant to improve its
Big Data: Challenges in Agriculture. Big Data Summit, November 2014 Moorea Brega: Agronomic Modeling Lead The Climate Corporation
Big Data: Challenges in Agriculture Big Data Summit, November 2014 Moorea Brega: Agronomic Modeling Lead The Climate Corporation Outline THE AGRICULTURAL CHALLENGE DATA SCIENCE MEETS AGRICULTURE THE ROLE
Effect Of Amino Acids On Plants
Effect Of Amino Acids On Plants Agriculture production is a very intensive business and is related to better quality and better yield leading to better profitability Every farmer s dreams to achieve this
1 SEEDLING QUALITY. Seedling quality
Seedling quality Quality versus quantity A nursery manager s most important goal is to produce quality trees. Quality is more important than quantity. It is a common mistake in nurseries to concentrate
2015 WISCONSIN SOYBEAN VARIETY EVALUATION PROGRAM Department of Agronomy University of Wisconsin - Madison http://www.coolbean.
2015 WISCONSIN SOYBEAN VARIETY EVALUATION PROGRAM Department of Agronomy University of Wisconsin - Madison http://www.coolbean.info Eligibility of Entrants Any producer, marketer, or breeder of soybean
Pineapples. Ian Hewett Horticultural Marketing Inspectorate United Kingdom. Version - October 2011
Pineapples Ian Hewett Horticultural Marketing Inspectorate United Kingdom Version - October 2011 1 Definition Of Produce This Standard applies to pineapples of varieties (cultivars) grown from Ananascomosus(L).
Soybean Production in Kentucky
AGR 132 Soybean Production in Kentucky Part V: Harvesting, Drying, Storage, and Marketing Soybean Production in Kentucky Part V: Harvesting, Drying, Storage, and Marketing James H. Herbek and Morris J.
Functional Biology of Plants
Brochure More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2252012/ Functional Biology of Plants Description: Functional Biology of Plants provides students and researchers with a clearly
Environmental Monitoring and Modeling of the Genetic Potential of Sugarcane Cultivars under Appropriate Water Availability in the Soil
Environmental Monitoring and Modeling of the Genetic Potential of Sugarcane Cultivars under Appropriate Water Availability in the Soil Eduardo Machado, Glauco Rolim, Leonardo B. Oliveira, Marcos Landell,
2015 Kentucky Soybean Variety Performance Test Nomination Form University of Kentucky
2015 Kentucky Soybean Variety Performance Test Nomination Form University of Kentucky The Kentucky Soybean Variety Performance Tests are conducted to provide an unbiased and objective estimate of the relative
Regional MSc and PhD in Plant Breeding. Thomas L Odong November 2014
Regional MSc and PhD in Plant Breeding Thomas L Odong November 2014 Background Plant breeding is one areas with potential to revolutionized agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa Limited number of plant breeders
Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP): Genetic Transformation, Synthesis and Purification of the Recombinant Protein
Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP): Genetic Transformation, Synthesis and Purification of the Recombinant Protein INTRODUCTION Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) is a novel protein produced by the bioluminescent
CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES, INC. Implementation of Sustainable Agricultural Initiatives
CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES, INC. Implementation of Sustainable Agricultural Initiatives TFI and FIRT Fertilizer Outlook and Technology Conference Presenter: Bill Grillo November 2010 TOPICS Crop Production
Applied molecular genetics testing for quality control in seed testing. Dr. Patrik Stolt ScanBi Diagnostics
Applied molecular genetics testing for quality control in seed testing Dr. Patrik Stolt ScanBi Diagnostics It is hard to find things you do not know that you are looking for! Short reminder about DNA/PCR
Will It Sprout? Seed Germination Test
Objective Will It Sprout? Seed Germination Test The student will understand the importance of a seed germination test performed on field seed, and will do a classroom germ test. Grade Level 1-3 4-6 TEKS:
Grain Sorghum Hybrid Tests in Tennessee
Grain Sorghum Hybrid Tests in Tennessee 2010 Fred L. Allen, Coordinator, Agronomic Crop Variety Testing & Demonstrations Richard Johnson, Research Associate, Agronomic Crop Variety Testing & Demonstrations
THE SCIENCE THE FUTURE OF CANADIAN CANOLA: APPLY THE SCIENCE OF AGRONOMICS TO MAXIMIZE GENETIC POTENTIAL.
THE SCIENCE THE FUTURE OF CANADIAN CANOLA: APPLY THE SCIENCE OF AGRONOMICS TO MAXIMIZE GENETIC POTENTIAL. WHERE WE HAVE BEEN CANOLA PRODUCTION HAS SURPASSED THE INDUSTRY TARGET OF 15 MMT. This was achieved
The Relationship Between Grain Yield and Silage Yield in Field Corn in Northern Illinois INTRODUCTION
The Relationship Between Grain Yield and Silage Yield in Field Corn in Northern Illinois INTRODUCTION Corn silage is an important ingredient in dairy and beef rations. Acres of Illinois corn harvested
INTRODUCTION TO BACTERIA
Morphology and Classification INTRODUCTION TO BACTERIA Most bacteria (singular, bacterium) are very small, on the order of a few micrometers µm (10-6 meters) in length. It would take about 1,000 bacteria,
(1) (2) Physiology of Seed Germination
1 (1) (2) Physiology of Seed Germination Miller B. McDonald Seed Biology Program Department of Horticulture and Crop Science The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210-1086 mcdonald.2@osu.edu (3) In
Practical Uses of Crop Monitoring for Arizona Cotton
Practical Uses of Crop Monitoring for Arizona Cotton J. C. Silvertooth The use of crop monitoring and plant mapping has received a considerable amount of attention in the cotton production arena in recent
catalase 2H 2 O 2 (l) ----> 2H 2 O (l) + O 2 (g)
ENZYME POST LAB QUIZ STUDY GUIDE Below are the answers to the post-lab (Data Analysis) questions. Make sure you UNDERSTAND all of these questions. The post-lab questions will, of course, be different,
Soybean. Illinois is first or second among states in soybean. Soybean Plant Development
3 Soybean Emerson Nafziger Department of Crop Sciences ednaf@illinois.edu Illinois is first or second among states in soybean production in the United States, with between 8 and 10 million acres a year
Section 24 1 Reproduction With Cones and Flowers (pages 609 616)
Chapter 24 Reproduction of Seed Plants Section 24 1 Reproduction With Cones and Flowers (pages 609 616) This section describes the reproductive structures of gymnosperms and angiosperms. It also explains
Irrigation Scheduling on Small Grains using AZSCHED for Windows - Safford Agricultural Center, 2003
Irrigation Scheduling on Small Grains using AZSCHED for Windows - Safford Agricultural Center, 23 L.J. Clark and K.F. Ellsworth Abstract The AZSCHED irrigation scheduling software was developed in the
Forage Sorghum Production Guide
Forage Sorghum Production Guide Dr. Twain Butler, Extension Agronomist Stephenville Dr. Brent Bean, Extension Agronomist - Amarillo Introduction The use of Sorghum has increased in recent years due to
WHAT IS IN FERTILIZER OTHER THAN NUTRIENTS?
WHAT IS IN FERTILIZER OTHER THAN NUTRIENTS? Raymond C. Ward Ward Laboratories Inc. Kearney, NE Commercial fertilizer is a source of plant nutrients that can be applied to soil to nourish crops when the
Sample Lab Report. Effect of the Hormone Gibberellic Acid on the Growth of Dwarf Peas
Dana Hitchcock Dr. Cummings - Prd. 1 September 9, 1996 Sample Lab Report Effect of the Hormone Gibberellic Acid on the Growth of Dwarf Peas Objective In this experiment students will grow genetically dwarf
MTT Cell Proliferation Assay
ATCC 30-1010K Store at 4 C This product is intended for laboratory research purposes only. It is not intended for use in humans, animals or for diagnostics. Introduction Measurement of cell viability and
Corn Tissue Sampling WHEN AND HOW
WHEN AND HOW Corn Tissue Sampling After the grower, farm, field and plant tissue work order have been created within the Nutra-Links Crop Intelligence software; 1. Print the field s work order and take
Maize is a major cereal grown and consumed in Uganda and in the countries of Kenya, Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda
Maize Production in Uganda Farmers have improved maize yields from 1,000Kg/ha to 3,000-5,000 Kg/ha using the recommended technologies Maize is a major cereal grown and consumed in Uganda and in the countries
PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL, INC.
D E V E L O P I N G A S U P E R I O R M A I Z E H Y B R I D PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL, INC. A HISTORY OF INNOVATION When commercial hybrid maize was first introduced, few people realized its potential
Question Bank Seed : Structure, Types and Germination
Question Bank Seed : Structure, Types and Germination 1. Describe the structure of a seed. Ans. A mature seed consists of two essential parts : (i) the seed coat, and (ii) the embryo The Seed coat : A
CORN IS GROWN ON MORE ACRES OF IOWA LAND THAN ANY OTHER CROP.
CORN IS GROWN ON MORE ACRES OF IOWA LAND THAN ANY OTHER CROP. Planted acreage reached a high in 1981 with 14.4 million acres planted for all purposes and has hovered near 12.5 million acres since the early
GARDEN FACTS. When are apples ripe?
A3743-E GARDEN FACTS U n i v e r s i t y o f W i s c o n s i n E x t e n s i o n When are apples ripe? Teryl R. Roper DIFFERENT APPLE CULTIVARS RIPEN over a long season. In Wisconsin, apples ripen from
Enzymes: Practice Questions #1
Enzymes: Practice Questions #1 1. Compound X increases the rate of the reaction below. Compound X is most likely A. an enzyme B. a lipid molecule C. an indicator D. an ADP molecule 2. The equation below
CRANBERRY ETNA. Etna is a cranberry bean with early maturity, high yield potential and a large seed size.
SEMINIS DRY BEANS BLACK BEAN From black to pinto, the Seminis lineup has the beans you need to be competitive in the field and successful in the plant. Our breeders are dedicated to developing dry bean
Light penetration into the soybean canopy and its influence on soybean rust infection
Light penetration into the soybean canopy and its influence on soybean rust infection Jim Marois David Wright, Sheeja George, Pratibha Srivastava, Phil Harmon, Carrie Harmon, Heather Young (UF) Andy Schuerger
Starting Plants Indoors from Seed
Starting Plants Indoors from Seed Gardeners can grow most annuals, biennials and many of the popular herbaceous perennials from seed. Sowing seed is less expensive than buying established plants and requires
This laboratory explores the affects ph has on a reaction rate. The reaction
Joy Paul Enzyme Catalyst lab Abstract: This laboratory explores the affects ph has on a reaction rate. The reaction studied was the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by the enzyme peroxidase. Three
Understanding the. Soil Test Report. Client and Sample Identification
Understanding the Soil Test Report Page 1 of 7 Crops absorb the nutrients required from soil in order to grow, so ensuring that your soil is meeting the crops needs is critical. Having the proper level
Managing of Annual Winter Forages in Southwest Texas
r r r rr EDUCATION RESEARCH EXTENSION The Texas A&M University System Soil & Crop Sciences Managing of Annual Winter Forages in Southwest Texas Mr Charles Stichler Assocaite Professor and Extension Agronomist
Growing Balaton - Horticultural Considerations
Growing Balaton - Horticultural Considerations Amy Iezzoni Dept. of Horticulture Michigan State University Jim Nugent District Horticulturist MSU Extension The fruit industry in Michigan has generations
MOLECULAR MARKERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN CEREALS BREEDING
MOLECULAR MARKERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN CEREALS BREEDING Viktor Korzun Lochow-Petkus GmbH, Grimsehlstr.24, 37574 Einbeck, Germany korzun@lochow-petkus.de Summary The development of molecular techniques