FUNGICIDE. The Copper Champs! Unique Copper Hydroxide Formulations. Champ Dry Prill Champ Formula 2 Flowable Champion WP. Nufarm Agriculture Division

Transcription

1 FUNGICIDE The Copper Champs! Unique Copper Hydroxide Formulations Champ Dry Prill Champ Formula 2 Flowable Champion WP Nufarm Agriculture Division

2 Nothing Protects Crops Like Copper From the moment the first crop disease was unpleasantly discovered, farmers have tried everything to control fungal activity all to varying degrees of success. In 470 B.C., Democritus suggested essence of olives for blight control. In 1733, salt brine was used to treat wheat seed. In 1755, arsenic was recommended for smut. Copper, as an effective control for disease, had been discovered, neglected and rediscovered through the years almost from the beginning. But it wasn t until the copper/lime Bordeaux mixture in the late 19th century that copper made a long-lasting splash of disease-control relief. In the following decades, copper secured its place as one of the most effective methods of crop disease control with newer, cleaner formulations and substantial success treating molds, mildews and blights for everything from almonds to grapes. Today, copper has been further refined and remains an effective weapon in the 2 war on crop disease with the copper hydroxide products Champ Dry Prill, Champ Formula 2 Flowable and Champion WP from Nufarm. Champ products provide superior broad-spectrum disease control on a wide range of Tomatoes contain beneficial amounts of vitamins A and C, folic acid and potassium All tomatoes belong to the genus Lycopersicon, meaning "wolf peach" There are more than 10,000 varieties of tomatoes By decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1893, the tomato is legally considered a vegetable Botanically speaking, the tomato is considered a fruit blights, mildews, rots, blotches and spots on fruits, berries, vegetables, tree crops and field crops to name a few. Champ products also offer some degree of frost injury protection, providing control of the ice nucleating bacteria Pseudomonas syringae, Erwina herbicola and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Champ products are made of the highest quality formulations for easy mixing and spraying, and are manufactured to produce a very fine particle size to ensure excellent coverage. Since the dawn of farming, copper has proven to be one of the most effective disease control substances available for your crops. Nufarm s family of quality Champ products Champ Dry Prill, Champ Formula 2 Flowable and Champion WP provides the grower with a choice of proven performers. Count on a proven winner. Count on the Copper Champ. Count on Nufarm.

3 FUNGICIDE A Brief History of Copper Fungicides Through the Generations As early as 1761, copper sulfate was used to combat wheat smut but remained unused on other crops. In 1846, a newspaper correspondent in Wales noted that potatoes growing near a copper smelter were healthy while potatoes farther away rotted into a stinking, putrid mess. This information was largely ignored at the height of the Irish Potato Famine when an estimated 1.5 million people perished. Fortunately, the widespread advantages of copper were rediscovered just 40 years later. The rest, as they say, is history: st Generation. In an effort to combat downy mildew in French grape vineyards, P.M.A. Millardet combined copper sulfate with lime to produce an extremely effective fungicide the Bordeaux mixture nd Generation. Copper carbonate dust and dry copper-lime treatments were developed and used on a variety of crops. These and The potato is a relative of tobacco and the tomato The potato is the fourth most important crop in the world after wheat, rice and corn Potatoes and lettuce are the two most popular fresh vegetables in the U.S. U.S. potato production in 1998 was 47.5 billion pounds 3 other dry fixed coppers signaled a new era of copper fungicides. 1960s 3rd Generation. Copper hydroxide formulations came into their own, improving crop protection and reducing usage rates. In 1984, Champion WP further refined this generation of fungicides with a wettable powder that made the practice of crop treatment easier and more economical. 1990s 4th Generation. With the introduction of Champ Formula 2 Flowable in the 90s, fungicides have trended toward smaller particle Today sizes, less phytotoxicity and even lower usage rates. 5th Generation. Champ Dry Prill, a dustless dry prill formulation that uses MLP (Moisture Leveling Polymer) technology, was introduced in Offering efficient control, superior handling characteristics, greater surface coverage and excellent rainfastness, Champ Dry Prill is the most advanced copper fungicide ever developed. It requires the least amount of copper per acre of any fixed-copper on the market and is as effective as Champ Formula 2 Flowable for disease control.

4 How Champ Controls Disease How do Champ products work? Every Champ product contains the active ingredient copper hydroxide, a multi-site inhibitor and protectant fungicide. The copper ions in copper hydroxide stop the germination of fungal spores and kill bacteria, protecting plants from infection. But to understand how copper works, we have to first understand how fungi and bacteria infect plants. How fungi and bacteria infect plants Fungi are spread by microscopic spores that consist of a protoplasm of chemical complexes, including enzymes, bound together by a cell wall and membrane. Plant pathogenic bacteria are similar, but spread as individual cells. These enzymes control all cell functions for fungi and bacteria, including growth and reproduction. 4 When fungal spores land on a susceptible host under favorable environmental conditions, they germinate and infect plants, cause disease, reproduce and continue the cycle. Bacteria reproduce on and within plants, cause disease and spread throughout the The peach originated in China, but was botanically named after Persia The Chinese believed eating peaches would make one immortal Curiously, the peach tree itself is very shortlived, about 20 years Brought to the Americasby Spaniards, the peach was favored by Native Americans, who began growing them before the colonists did Georgia, the Peach State, is the largest producer of peaches in the U.S. crop. If untreated with copper hydroxide, fungi and bacteria can spread until the whole crop is infected good for the fungi and bacteria, bad for crops. How copper works Copper hydroxide particles need moisture (dew, rain and leaf transpiration) to release effective doses of copper ions. These copper ions, dissolved in the water layer on the plant surface, become translocatable this enables the copper ions to be carried to the site of the spore or bacteria where they can be absorbed through the cell membrane. Now the copper ion is able to enter the cell protoplasm of fungi and bacteria. Once inside the cell, the copper ion destroys the ability of many enzymes to function. This multi-site effect also makes it difficult for fungi to develop resistance to copper fungicides. Without these enzymes at work, fungal spores are unable to germinate and bacteria are killed bad for fungi and bacteria, good for crops.

5 FUNGICIDE How can I determine the efficacy of a copper product? There are a number of ways to measure the effectiveness of a copper product not the least of which is the result at harvest time. Factors such as particle size, product distribution on the leaf surface, and resistance to rain wash-off all combine to determine the final effectiveness of a copper fungicide and bactericide. Ionic copper bio-availability (parts per million) In addition, there is a test that measures Champ Dry Prill Kocide 2000 NuCop 50DF Kocide ppm 1.1 ppm 63 ppm Champ Dry Prill has the highest level of the concentration of lethal copper ions within a product called the Bio-availability Index. As the chart shows, Champ Dry Prill has the highest value and therefore the best bio-availability of all the copper products listed. How does particle size affect the copper product s ability to fight disease? As paradoxical as it sounds, the smaller the particle size, the more effective the copper is. How is this possible? 85 ppm ionic copper of any DF and WP formulation. Here s an example: Take one large particle of copper hydroxide and apply it to a leaf. Do the same with several smaller particles of copper. The total amount of active copper is the same for both samples. The large particle releases copper ions at a very slow rate. California produces 80% of the world's almond supply 40 percent of the world s almonds are used by chocolate makers Almonds are among the earliest cultivated foods Almonds are mentioned in the Old Testament of the Bible Almonds are actually stone fruits related to cherries, plums and peaches In Sacramento, California, the world's largest almond factory processes 2 million pounds of almonds daily It takes 1,000 pounds of almonds to make 1 pint of almond oil 5 It takes more time for a large particle to completely cover the leaf surface. In the meantime, fungi and bacteria can still get through to the unprotected areas.

6 How Champ Controls Disease cont. Smaller copper hydroxide particles are able to release more copper ions to quickly form a protective layer over the leaf s surface. In other words, the finer the particle size, the less time it takes to completely cover and protect the leaf s surface. More than 40 million tons of apples are produced worldwide each year There are more than 7,000 varieties of apples Particle size is often measured in micrometers (commonly called microns or µm). For comparison s sake, 1 micron is 1/25,000 of an inch, 100 microns equal one human hair, 300 microns equal one toothbrush bristle. The particle size for Champ Dry Prill is 0.15 µm. In fact, the particle size for every Champ product is consistently very fine. Surface Area Comparison (m 2 /g) Charles H. Bendheim Memorial Laboratories, 1998 Champ Dry Prill 80 m 2 /g Kocide m 2 /g Kocide m 2 /g m 2 /g = meters 2 per gram Champ Dry Prill provides two times the surface area coverage as competitive products. 6 The U.S. grows 100 varieties commercially The average American eats almost 20 pounds of fresh apples each year The U.S. is the world s second largest apple producer; China is first Washington state produces more apples than any other state How does rainfall affect copper s effectiveness? Heavy rainfall will have an adverse effect on all copper fungicides, especially if it occurs right after application. But Champ products have been formulated to be more tenacious than other copper fungicides. They will establish and maintain a protective barrier on the plant surface that is still effective, even after heavy rainfall. Copper Tenacity Test Champ Dry Prill, in particular, is incredibly effective with its one-of-a-kind MLP (Moisture Leveling Polymer) technology that provides weather-responsive protection. This technology improves water retention, enhances the release of copper ions and minimizes the adverse effects of weather extremes. Champ Formula 2 Kocide 4.5LF The coppertenacity test visually demonstrates how well a productresistsrain wash-off. A spraysolution containing a concentration of copper, consistent with field spray application rates, is painted on a plexiglass surface. It is then air dried. Water is then applied using a spray bottle at a rate equal to one inch of rain. The surface is again air dried. The results speak for themselves.

7 FUNGICIDE Tomato Leaf Coverage Comparison ABC Laboratories, Inc Kocide % of leaf coverage 13% of leaf coverage 10% of leaf coverage Champ Dry Prill 225% of leaf coverage 140% of leaf coverage 110% of leaf coverage 0 inches of rainfall.5 inches of rainfall 2 inches of rainfall Champ Dry Prill provides complete coverage of tomato leaf surfaces with a weather-responsive film of protection... even after significant rainfall. California produces 98% of the U.S. walnut crop California produces two-thirds of the world's walnuts According to the Tomato Leaf Coverage Comparison graphic, Champ Dry Prill covers 225% of the leaf s surface. How is this possible? It s like applying multiple coats of paint to a house. The many layers protect the house through weathering. In the same way, Champ Dry Prill protects crops. One half inch of rainfall may bring the leaf coverage percentage down to 140%, but that is still more than enough to protect the plant from fungal activity. In fact, Champ Dry Prill is still effective after two inches of rainfall. The walnut is the official state nut of Missouri American Indian tribes are known to use black walnut husks as a laxative Walnuts may be the oldest tree food known to man dating back to about 7000 B.C. 7 How good are Champ products? Champ products are convenient, easy-to-use formulations that optimize the effectiveness of copper. Champ products are manufactured with technologically advanced processes. These processes produce formulations that have a consistent particle size, crystalline structure and bulk density from batch to batch. In addition, Champ products are manufactured using some of the purest copper materials available copper that is highly refined and of the highest quality. Higher bio-availability, finer particle size, better tenacity, greater Virgin copper wire and recycled copper wire. surface area coverage, superior handling characteristics no matter how you look at it, from Champ Dry Prill to Champ Formula 2 Flowable to Champion WP, Champ products have what it takes to get the job done! For superior disease control, count on Nufarm The Copper Champ!

8 Champ Dry Prill Active Ingredient: Copper Hydroxide Champ Dry Prill is the only dry prill copper product on the market. Unlike dry flowable formulations, Champ Dry Prill is made using a unique polymer process that forms particles that are resistant to attrition so Champ Dry Prill is virtually dust-free. This unique formulation makes Champ Dry Prill easy to measure and more Champ Dry Prill vs. Kocide 2000 efficient to handle. Plus, it mixes fast and easily. 8 Oranges do not ripen after they are picked, but lemons do Citrus fruits have been cultivated for over 4,000 years Almost 40% of the U.S. orange crop is used for frozen concentrates Brazil is the world s largest orange producer Third century Romans believed that the lemon was an antidote for all poisons Florida produces more grapefruit than the rest of the world combined In addition, Champ Dry Prill s MLP technology controls a reservoir of copper ions that are constantly released, even under varying weather conditions. As a result, Champ Dry Prill s efficiency offers highly effective disease control with reduced levels of active ingredient per acre. This, in turn, leads to less product used per acre than any other formulation. Add in greater bulk density, and Champ Dry Prill requires only one-fifth to one-half of the shipping and storage space on a per acre basis as other products. Features and Benefits Lowest dose rate of metallic copper of any copper hydroxide product available Smaller particles deliver greater surface area coverage for better protection Strong tenacity provides excellent rainfastness Dust-free formulation Mixes fast and easily, and will not clog spray rigs Unique MLP technology provides a weather responsive film of protection More efficient reduces handling and loading characteristics Highly effective disease control Champ Dry Prill Kocide 2000 NuCop 50DF Kocide 101 Highest bio-availability index of any copper hydroxide product Dry Flowable particles often break down in shipping and handling, resulting in dust problems when mixing and loading. Warehouse Storage Space Comparison (on a per treated acre basis) cubic ft Champ Dry Prill s lower use rates, coupled with higher bulk density, significantly reduce handling, storage and loading issues.

9 FUNGICIDE Application Methods Champ Dry Prill can be applied using most types of spraying equipment. The volume per acre will differ depending on the crop and the equipment used. Please consult label for specific application information. Crops Protected * Champ Dry Prill offers excellent disease protection for the following crops: Apple Anthracnose, European Canker, Blossom Blast, Shoot Blast, Fireblight, Scab Grapes Black Rot, Phomopsis, Powdery Mildew, Downy Mildew Almonds Blossom Brown Rot, Dead Bud, Bacterial Blast Citrus Melanose, Scab, Algal Spot, Greasy Spot, Pink Pitting, Brown Rot Walnut Walnut Blight Potato Early Blight, Late Blight Tomato Early Blight, Late Blight, Bacterial Spot, Anthracnose, Gray Leaf Mold, Septoria Leaf Spot *Consult label for a complete list of diseases Champ Dry Prill controls and the crops they affect. Citrus Scab Control Trials 1998 University of Florida, IFAS Grape growing is the largest food industry in the world There are more than 8,000 varieties of grapes The average person eats eight pounds of grapes a year The best selling table grape in the U.S. is the Thompson Seedless Botanically, grapes are berries There are about 25 million acres of grapes worldwide The world production of grapes is over 72 million tons % 7.8% 6.2% % of fruit infected Champ Dry Prill offers very good disease control at lower dose rates.

10 Champ Formula 2 Flowable Active Ingredient: Copper Hydroxide Champ Formula 2 Flowable is an advanced copper hydroxide formulation that is easy to handle and offers superior mixing characteristics. Champ Formula 2 Flowable provides broad-spectrum disease control, excellent tenacity and plant protection efficacy. Ordinary copper hydroxide crystals Champ Formula 2 Flowable is a liquid formulation that features a unique needle-shaped crystal structure that offers greater surface area coverage, as well as layers of protective coverage. Champ Formula 2 Flowable copper hydroxide crystals Features and Benefits Fine particle size ensures excellent surface area coverage Unique crystal particles layer for greater protection 10 Excellent tenacity Superior broad-spectrum disease control High quality formulations that are easy to mix and spray Colonists brought the carrot to the New World Carrots are native to Afghanistan Unlike most other vegetables, carrots are more nutritious when eaten cooked than eaten raw Vitamin A is very important for good health, especially for your eyes; Carrots are one of the best sources of Vitamin A Application Methods Champ Formula 2 Flowable can be applied using most types of spraying equipment. The volume per acre will differ depending on the crop and the equipment used. Please consult label for specific application information. Crops Protected * Champ Formula 2 Flowable offers excellent disease protection for the following crops: Apple Anthracnose, European Canker, Blossom Blast, Shoot Blast, Fireblight, Scab, Crown Rot Grapes Black Rot, Phomopsis, Powdery Mildew, Downy Mildew Almonds Blossom Brown Rot, Dead Bud, Bacterial Blast Citrus Melanose, Scab, Algal Spot, Brown Rot Dry Beans Brown Spot, Bacterial Blight, Downy Mildew Carrots Alternaria Leaf Spot, Carrot Blight Onions Purple Blotch, Downy Mildw, Bacterial Blight *Consult label for a complete list of diseases Champ Formula 2 Flowable controls and the crops they affect.

11 Champion WP Active Ingredient: Copper Hydroxide FUNGICIDE Champion WP is an effective copper hydroxide formulation that is easy and efficient to use. As a wettable powder, this formulation offers superior surface area coverage and fungicidal protection. Plus, it won t clog equipment so the applicator can cover more acres per day. Features and Benefits Complex crystalline structure ensures excellent surface area coverage Excellent broad-spectrum disease control Easy and efficient to use Won t clog equipment No pre-harvest interval Application Methods Champion WP can be applied using most types of spraying equipment. The volume per acre will differ depending on the crop and the equipment used. Please consult label for specific application information. Crops Protected * Champion WP offers excellent disease protection for the following crops: Apple Anthracnose, European Canker, Blossom Blast, Shoot Blast Grapes Black Rot, Phomopsis, Powdery Mildew, Downy Mildew Almonds Blossom Brown Rot, Dead Bud, Bacterial Blast Pepper Bacterial Spot Blueberry Bacterial Canker Peach Leaf Curl, Bacterial Canker, Bacterial Blast, Bacterial Spot Early American colonists made graypaintbyboiling blueberries in milk The strawberry is the most popular berry in the U.S., the blueberry is numbertwo Over 200 million pounds of blueberries are grown commercially each year Blueberries may help protect against heart disease 11 *Consult label for a complete list of diseases Champion WP controls and the crops they affect.

12 CB Nufarm Americas Inc. Nufarm Americas Inc Burr Ridge Parkway Suite 125A Burr Ridge, IL Phone: Fax: Champ is a registered trademark of Nufarm Americas Inc. Champion is a registered trademark of Nufarm Americas Inc. Kocide is a registered trademark of Griffin LLC. NuCop is a registered trademark of MicroFlo Corp.