The Future of VLC: Potential and Limitations

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1 The Future of VLC: Potential and Limitations Prof. Maite Brandt-Pearce 9/7/2014

2 Optical Communications 9/7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 2

3 What technical, political and economic factors led to the widespread deployment and use of fiber-optics? 9/7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 3

4 Fiber-optics Promised to (eventually) hugely expand upon the capability of current systems Replaced technology that is fundamentally limited with another that is merely technologically limited. Used revolutionary approach instead of being evolutionary Offered service that was previously entirely unavailable and thus had no market Required a considerable investment in infrastructure sound familiar? 9/7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 4

5 Recipe for Adoption of New Technology Technical benefits of significant scale game changing Consumer demand for improvement: o Cost o Service o Perceived environmental impact o Coolness factor Cost-point must be highly competitive compared with established solutions Coexistence/synergy with big-boys in industry (in lighting and comm) 9/7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 5

6 Visible Light Communications Goal: Use the lighting system also for communications Why: 80% of wireless data communication today is indoors, and Wi-Fi can t keep up. Transmission requires energy, yet energy is already going from infrastructure to user in the form of light. 9/7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 6

7 Limitations and Opportunities Transmitters Information rates Shadowing MAC layer and multiuser access Uplink technology Uplink technology Backhaul Convergence Lighting features Applications Let s fix the technical issues so the marketing guys can run with it and make all the money 9/7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 7

8 Sources Not Designed for Comm. LEDS Ubiquitous Noncoherent and easy to modulate Bandwidth limited to few MHz Tri-band offers λ multiplexing Luminaries So much potential, but how do we access it easily and cheaply? 9/7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 8

9 Improving Information Rates Hardware new µleds Transmitter processing o Modulation and Coding o Pre-equalization Receiver processing o Imaging receivers o Equalization MIMO o Is there a possibility of significant multiplexing gain? 9/7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 9

10 Modulation Issues: o Flicker o Dimming o LED rise-time o LED nonlinearity Options: o Pulse-based (MEPPM) o Multicarrier (OFDM) 9/7/

11 Shadowing Need a magical Peter Pan Algorithm Schools of thought: o Overprovision and over-light so there is no shadow o Use VLC as an enhancement when available. Or use adaptive modulation and coding to adjust to channel changes Key: fast accurate channel estimation Jungnickel, /7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 11

12 Multiuser Access Frequency, time, and code division, as usual for optical comm. More interesting: space division multiple access, with significant spatial reuse Optimized LED modulation with CDMA: 4 users 1 user 9/7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 12

13 Uplink Stand alone: Technology o Visible o Infrared o RF o Millimeter wave Except RF, not currently ubiquitously deployed Converged: Heterogeneous networking: Use another currently available technology: o Wi-Fi o Cellular Easier for market entry as all wireless devices already equipped. 9/7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 13

14 Backhaul and Data Distribution To extract the full benefit of VLC, need many luminaries, but what infrastructure is needed to support this? Gbps per user to tens of users DSL or cable modems not sufficient Ethernet to the room not sufficient (PoE?) Couple VLC with widespread PON deployment 9/7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 14

15 Convergence with Existing Systems Benefits of technology have to compensate for increased cost. Make people feel good about previous investments Convergence with 5G? Accelerate fiber to the home? 9/7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 15

16 Lighting Features Uniform illumination... Not like RF, since each cell served by many base-stations Dimming: game changer the goal is no longer to minimize E b /N 0 Rendering: all is for naught if humans don t like it. Cost remains an issue 9/7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 16

17 Applications 9/7/

18 Outside the Box Applications Wireless docking Data centers/ cloud computing centers Underwater communications Health monitoring systems o Implanted devices o Activity monitoring Specialized uses: o Nuclear reactor monitoring o Manufacturing robot control and telemetry 9/7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 18

19 Open Questions What are the fundamental limits of VLC networks? What is the killer app? How does it converge into the current telecomm market? Can communications drive lighting? How can emerging technologies exploit VLC: o Internet of things (peer-to-peer?) o Cloud computing o Personalized health care o 5G o 9/7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 19

20 My Vision A bumpy road ahead Years of heavy research and only highly specialized or kitschy products Low data rate implementations for indoor positioning Sudden large-scale commercial buy-in as: o Usurp Wi-Fi s position as the standard for indoor lighting, with Wi-Fi as backup o Communications from every device/system via illumination total convergence 9/7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 20

21 We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light. --- Plato Women will then build the VLC systems. -- Maite Brandt-Pearce, September 2014 Questions? 9/7/2014 Maite Brandt-Pearce, UVA 21

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