Slimetrail - Game Playing and Expertise in Blind and Poor Vision Students

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Slimetrail - Game Playing and Expertise in Blind and Poor Vision Students"

Transcription

1 International Council for Children s Play 26th World Play Conference Tallinn, Estonia 2012 Slimetrail - Game Playing and Expertise in Blind and Poor Vision Students Carlota Brazileiro Dias, Universidade do Minho Pedro Palhares, Universidade do Minho Jorge Nuno Silva, Universidade de Lisboa

2 «( ) Inevitably there will be a number of subjects that create profound difficulties for a child with visual impairment. Experimental science and biology and physical education and games are often identified as creating special difficulties.» Tobin (1993, p. 160)

3 Introduction The aim of this research is the creation of conditions that enable the participation of students with visual impairment in the National Championship of Mathematical Games, as well as the implementation of the practice of its games in the educational system, so as to develop playing skills through the creation and perfection of strategies.

4 Definition The sight of our surroundings largely depends on the visual function which according to Ladeira & Queiros (2002) consists in the ability of individuals to collect, integrate and given mean to the luminous stimuli captured by the eye.

5 Visual Impairment in Portugal Classification of visual impairment in Portugal according the Law nº49331/69 of 28/10

6 Visual Impairment Implications: «( ) Vision is the main input sense for many aspects of development and contributes substantially to most; and because all five senses interact and are to a large degree interdependent.» Sonksen (1993, p.78) Blind children suffer from a delay in acquiring the capacity to perceive concrete operations (Piaget) and present a bigger delay in figurative-perceptive tasks than in linguistic ones. This delay is justified by the sensory way in which they collect information, that is, the tactile perception and their own natural aptitude. This means of perception does not allow for the same development of a normal visual child between 11 and 14 years of age. (Bueno & Martin, 1993)

7 A game allows for the creation of a middle ground between the objective reality and the imaginary one. This idea was reinforced by Vigotsky (1995), adding that such a middle ground enables learning development.

8 In Portugal The Championship of Mathematical Games has been held every year since 2004, and all schools in the country are invited to participate. For the first time, in March 2009, this championship welcomed the participation of blind and poor vision children. This was made possible by adapting the games in such a way that all could participate on even ground. The adaptations that were brought to the Slimetrail game will be later discussed and described.

9 Concerns under Investigation The study consists in investigating what adaptations are needed for the building of prototypes that will make playing possible for visually impaired children. Another concern being investigated is whether the inclusion of the playing of these games in schools, helps students develop their playing skills through the use and applying of strategies.

10 Experimental Six students were selected from different schools from across the country. The participants were selected according to their visual impairment.

11 Method Qualitative investigation which included 6 case studies. It began with a participant observation of various game sessions which were videotaped. These sessions were divided into three levels: a beginner level; an intermediate level and an advanced level of Slimetrail. The field work consisted in the setting up of game sessions in Portuguese schools. The participants, however, did not authorize their identity to be known. Thus, the names which appear in this paper are fictitious so as to guarantee the privacy of the data gathered.

12 Slimetrail Author: Bill Taylor (1992) Goal: Place the squared piece on its respective final square (a1- player one and g7- player two) or keep the adversary from playing any further.

13 Material: Board 7x7; A square piece; About 40 circular pieces. Rules: The game begins with the squared piece on e5; Each player, alternatively, moves the squared piece to an adjacent empty square (moves can be vertical, horizontal or diagonal); The square where the squared piece previously was receives a circular piece; Squares which receive a circular piece cannot be occupied by the squared piece anymore.

14 Prototype Evolution Martinez Criado (1998) says the materials used in the games may interfere in their ludic functions. Their complexity must never exceed that of the child. The material employed in the games must be according to the age group of the students so as to stimulate creativity without hindering their play.

15 Low Vision «The main visual pathways in the brain can be thought of as an intricate wiring pattern that links a hierarchy of brain areas. Starting at the bottom, the pattern of light intensity, edges and other features in the visual scene forms and image on the retina.» (Smith & Kosslyn, 2009, p.53) «The faces and facets of things, the edges, corners and curvatures, are mapped into the array by virtue of a law relating the inclination of a surface to the amount of light it reflects in a given direction. But there are two other causes of structure that combine with this one the chemical composition of substance that determines its reflectance (surface color), and the existence of cast shadows.» (Gibson, 1983, p.221) Contrast Wood does not reflect light Resistant

16 Prototype Evolution Low Vision Board in plasticized paper 1 red piece 40 black pieces Small sized board in wood 1 red piece 40 black pieces Difficulties -The stones fall out of the squares. - It reflects light (Brightness). -The stones move too easily. Difficulties -The pieces fall out of the squares.

17 Prototype Evolution Low Vision Small sized board in wood 1 square piece 40 circular pieces Difficulties - Lack of identification of the initial square. - Too much time to identify the position of the square piece. Small sized board in wood 1 square piece 40 circular pieces Indication of the initial square (different texture and colour) Difficulties -Too much time to identify the position of the square piece.

18 Adaptations

19 Final Version

20 Blindness «If the sense of touch could serve as well as the sense of sight, blind people would not be at any particular disadvantage. However, tactual experiences have distinct limitations caused by the fact that tactual perception requires direct contact with the object to be observed.» (Lowenfeld, 1948, p.69 ) Touch Slow process; Sequential; Problems in processing/collecting data Different Texture Different shape Wood (Resistant) Dificulties in representing the environment Teenagers between 14 and 18 present a gap on the level of formal thinking and objective operations. (Piaget) Implementation of the practice of Slimetrail

21 Prototype Evolution Blindness Small sized board in wood 1 square piece 40 circular pieces Difficulties - Lack of identification of the initial square. -Too much time to identify the position of the square piece. - Players push many pieces aside. Big sized board in wood 1 square piece 40 circular pieces Indication of the initial square (different texture) Difficulties - Too much time to identify the position of the square piece.

22 Adaptations

23 Final Version

24 Game Playing and Expertise «Play can in many ways be experienced as a problem-solving process where the child explores the environment and himself in relation to his abilities, needs, interests, and other conditions.» (Lillemyr, 2009, p. 6) In Portugal, research in Mathematical games for education has revealed there is a relation between chess playing efficiency and mathematical skills related to problem solving, involving patterns (Ferreira & Palhares, 2008), there being traces of a higher relation for other mathematical games (Ferreira, Palhares & Silva, 2008).

25 Beginner Level The setting up of the board is done in a systematic way. The zig-zag strategy evolved into a cris-cross strategy which made the player advanced to the top left corner and was unable to identify a stalemate a b c d e f g

26 Intermediate Level Less systematic repetition of movements. The game moves to the lower right corner. Quick game a b c d e f g

27 Advanced Level No systematic repetition of movements. Player 1 applies winning strategy. The game ends when player 1 has wan a b c d e f g

28 Advanced Level Player 2 creates a defensive and winning strategy. Anticipates the rival s moves and plans strategy a b c d e f g

29 Errors Committed a b c d e f g a b c d e f g Did not affect the game Affected the game Difficulties in recognizing the surroundings

30 Results Actions Luís Manuel Pedro Gaspar Lúcia Beatriz Opening strategy 100% 44% 92% 100% 71% 89% Zig-zag strategy 61% 85% 44% 30% 55% 74% Criss-cross strategy 83% 65% 100% 100% 100% 74% Weak strategy 22% 15% 39% 20% 18% 21% Very weak stratgy 5,6% 25% 17% 10% 18% 5% Identifying the winning position Non-understanding of the game 71% 80% 71% - 25% 80% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Error of reconstitution 5,6% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Failure of anticipation 28% 15% 33% 50% 82% 37% Rules-breakinh 5,6% 0% 6% 0% 0% 21% Time 1:49 1:53 1:49 2:26 2:32 2:16 1:51 2:08 2:24

31 Conclusions «If visual imagery is distinct from spatial imagery, then we would expect to find neurological dissociations not between perception and imagery, but also between the types of imagery.» (Reisberg & Heuer, 2005, p.59) Visual impairment interferes with the way information is collected from the board and therefore with the perception of it. The mental picture perceived by the students was not precise and therefore affected the playing of the game. It was more difficult identify winning positions and more errors of anticipation were made. Visual impairment affected the visuospatial thinking of students.

32 Errors decrease as they gain more practice in playing. The bigger the degree of visual impairment, is, the more frequent errors of anticipation occurs. The games last longer as the level of vision lowers. Visual impairment affected the visuospatial thinking. The mental picture perceived by the students was not precise and therefore affected the playing of the game. It was more difficulty for them to identify winning positions and more errors of anticipation were made.

33 All the students learnt how to play the game and have developed winning strategy. We did not register any case of non-understanding of the game at advanced level which clearly indicates a good control of the rules. Students almost always identify a winning position which also includes blocking. The most frequently used strategy during the game was the Criss-cross one. Poor and very poor strategies do not happen very frequently which proves that students understand the general objective of the game. «Making a decision is often a problem that requires reasoning.» (Holyoak & Morrison, 2005, p.3)

34 References Bueno, S. & Martín, M.l (1993). Deficiente Visual e Acção Educativa. In Bautista, R. (Eds) Necessidades Educativas Especiais, p Lisboa: Dinalivro. Criado, G. (1998). El juego y el desarrollo infantil. In Aprendizagens Através do Jogo, Murcia, J., São Paulo, Artmed Editora, SA, Ferreira, D. & Palhares, P. (2008). Chess and problem solving involving patterns. The Montana Mathematics Enthusiast. Vol. 5 n. 2 & 3, p Ferreira, D., Palhares, P. & Silva, J. N. (2008). Padrões e jogos matemáticos. REVEMAT Revista Electrónica de Educação Matemática, V 3.3, p UFSC Fuentes, M. (2005). Evolução do jogo ao longo do ciclo vital. In Murcia, J. (Eds.) Aprendizagem através do jogo, p Porto Alegre: Artmed. Holyoak, K. & Morrison. R. (2005). Thinking and Reasoning: A Reader s Guide In Thinking and Reasoning, p Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Ladeira, F. & Queirós, S. (2002). Compreender a Baixa Visão. Lisboa: Ministério da Educação/Departamento da Educação Básica. Lillemyr, O. (2009). What Is Play? In Taking Play Seriously, p Charlotte: Information Age Publishing, Inc. Lowenfeld, B. (1948). Effects of Blindness on the Cognitive Functions of Children. In Blindness and Blind People, p New York: AFFB.

35 Piaget, J. (2010). Seis estudos de psicologia (N. C. Pereira, Trad.) Alfragide: Texto Editores, Lda. Reisberg, D. & Heuer, F. (2005). Visuospatial Images In Visuospatial Thinking, p Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Smith, E. & Kosslyn, S. (2009). Perseption in Cognitive Psychology Mind and Brain, p New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Sonksen, M. (1993). Effect of Severe Visual Impairment on Development. In Best, A., Fielder, A. & Bax, M. (1993). The Manegement of Visual Impairment in Childhood, p London: Mac Keith Press. Tobin, M. (1993). The Educatinal Implications of Visual Impairment. In Best, A., Fielder, A. & Bax, M. (1993). The Manegement of Visual Impairment in Childhood, p London: Mac Keith Press. Vigotsky, L. S. (1995), O desenvolvimento dos Processos Psicológicos Superiores. In Desarrollo de Competencias Matemáticas com Recursos Lúdicomanipulativos. Para ninos y ninas de 6 a 12 anos, Pastells, Àngel A.,1ª ed., Madrid, Narcea, SA de Ediciones, 2004 (tr. It. de Manuel Rangel, O Desenvolvimento de Competências Matemáticas com Recursos Lúdicomanipulativos. Para Crianças dos 6 aos 12 Anos, Porto, Porto Editora, 2004).

36 Thank you for your attention!

PATTERN: A two-dimensional decorative visual repetition. A pattern has no movement and may or may not have rhythm.

PATTERN: A two-dimensional decorative visual repetition. A pattern has no movement and may or may not have rhythm. Project: Elements of Design - NAME Elements: Line, Color, Value, Shape, Space, Texture Principles: Consider what principles you may have used based on the definition of each. Artist to Remember: Research

More information

An Overview of the Developmental Stages in Children's Drawings

An Overview of the Developmental Stages in Children's Drawings Marilyn Zurmuehlen Working Papers in Art Education ISSN: 2326-7070 (Print) ISSN: 2326-7062 (Online) Volume 2 Issue 1 (1983) pps. 2-7 An Overview of the Developmental Stages in Children's Drawings Hufford

More information

Meganmarie Pinkerton. Importance of Art in Education. Art 205

Meganmarie Pinkerton. Importance of Art in Education. Art 205 Pinkerton 0 Meganmarie Pinkerton Importance of Art in Education Art 205 30 November 2004 Pinkerton 1 I believe art education in music, theater, dance, and the visual arts, is one of the most creative ways

More information

Rules for TAK Created December 30, 2014 Update Sept 9, 2015

Rules for TAK Created December 30, 2014 Update Sept 9, 2015 Rules for TAK Created December 30, 2014 Update Sept 9, 2015 Design: James Ernest and Patrick Rothfuss Testers: Boyan Radakovich, Paul Peterson, Rick Fish, Jeff Morrow, Jeff Wilcox, and Joe Kisenwether.

More information

A Computer-Based Assessment and Rehabilitation of Visual Function in Low Vision Children

A Computer-Based Assessment and Rehabilitation of Visual Function in Low Vision Children A Computer-Based Assessment and Rehabilitation of Visual Function in Low Vision Children M.C. Neves, * C. Antunes, ** I. Lynce, ** A. Castanheira-Dinis, * J. Ribeiro-da-Silva, * and João P. Martins **

More information

Copyright 2013 Steven Bradley All Rights Reserved

Copyright 2013 Steven Bradley All Rights Reserved Copyright 2013 Steven Bradley All Rights Reserved Vanseo Design Boulder, Colorado http://vanseodesign.com Version 1.0 Contents 1 Introduction 9 Chapter 1: VisualGrammar Objects Structures Activities Relations

More information

How To Assess Soccer Players Without Skill Tests. Tom Turner, OYSAN Director of Coaching and Player Development

How To Assess Soccer Players Without Skill Tests. Tom Turner, OYSAN Director of Coaching and Player Development How To Assess Soccer Players Without Skill Tests. Tom Turner, OYSAN Director of Coaching and Player Development This article was originally created for presentation at the 1999 USYSA Workshop in Chicago.

More information

Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development LP 9C Piaget 1 Cognitive Development Piaget was intrigued by the errors in thinking children made. To investigate how these errors and how thinking changes as we grow older, Jean Piaget carefully observed

More information

Jean Piaget: A Cognitive Account of Development

Jean Piaget: A Cognitive Account of Development Jean Piaget: A Cognitive Account of Development My central aim has always been the search for the mechanisms of biological adaptation and the analysis and epistemological interpretation of that higher

More information

Ready, Set, Go! Math Games for Serious Minds

Ready, Set, Go! Math Games for Serious Minds Math Games with Cards and Dice presented at NAGC November, 2013 Ready, Set, Go! Math Games for Serious Minds Rande McCreight Lincoln Public Schools Lincoln, Nebraska Math Games with Cards Close to 20 -

More information

ART & BOOKS by Shannon Christensen TEACHING KINDERGARTEN

ART & BOOKS by Shannon Christensen TEACHING KINDERGARTEN ART & BOOKS by Shannon Christensen TEACHING KINDERGARTEN LESSON #1 LINES CONCEPT THE DOT by Peter H. Reynolds TEACHING KINDERGARTEN LESSON #1 LINES & THE DOT OBJECTIVE The student should be able to 1)

More information

Jean Piaget: Cognitive Theorist 1. Theorists from centuries ago have provided support and research about the growth of

Jean Piaget: Cognitive Theorist 1. Theorists from centuries ago have provided support and research about the growth of Jean Piaget: Cognitive Theorist 1 Theorists from centuries ago have provided support and research about the growth of children in many different developmental areas. Theorists have played and still play

More information

Learning Center System. Preschool Resource Guide. Muriel Wong

Learning Center System. Preschool Resource Guide. Muriel Wong Learning Center System Preschool Resource Guide Muriel Wong TABLE OF CONTENTS Overview and purpose 3 Page Supporting Children s Learning 4 Daily Routine 8 The Classroom Environment 10 Learning Centers

More information

Cognitive and Motor Development. Four Domains. Interaction. Affective Cognitive Motor Physical. Why organize into domains?

Cognitive and Motor Development. Four Domains. Interaction. Affective Cognitive Motor Physical. Why organize into domains? Cognitive and Motor Development There is a strong relationship between human intellectual function and movement: Any intellectual change is also accompanied by a change in motor function Four Domains Interaction

More information

Hooray for the Hundreds Chart!!

Hooray for the Hundreds Chart!! Hooray for the Hundreds Chart!! The hundreds chart consists of a grid of numbers from 1 to 100, with each row containing a group of 10 numbers. As a result, children using this chart can count across rows

More information

Has difficulty with counting reliably in tens from a multiple of ten

Has difficulty with counting reliably in tens from a multiple of ten Has difficulty with counting reliably in tens from a multiple of ten Opportunity for: looking for patterns 5 YR / 100-square Tens cards (Resource sheet 24) Multiples of ten (10 100) written on A5 pieces

More information

The Microorganisms in the Portuguese National Curriculum and Primary School Textbooks

The Microorganisms in the Portuguese National Curriculum and Primary School Textbooks The Microorganisms in the Portuguese National Curriculum and Primary School Textbooks Paulo Mafra *,1,3, Nelson Lima 2,3 1 Department of Natural Sciences, ESE of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia Apartado

More information

Learning Styles and Aptitudes

Learning Styles and Aptitudes Learning Styles and Aptitudes Learning style is the ability to learn and to develop in some ways better than others. Each person has a natural way of learning. We all learn from listening, watching something

More information

Processing the Image or Can you Believe what you see? Light and Color for Nonscientists PHYS 1230

Processing the Image or Can you Believe what you see? Light and Color for Nonscientists PHYS 1230 Processing the Image or Can you Believe what you see? Light and Color for Nonscientists PHYS 1230 Optical Illusions http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot_mib/index.html Vision We construct images unconsciously

More information

Gamesman: A Graphical Game Analysis System

Gamesman: A Graphical Game Analysis System Gamesman: A Graphical Game Analysis System Dan Garcia Abstract We present Gamesman, a graphical system for implementing, learning, analyzing and playing small finite two-person

More information

INTERIOR DESIGN. Total Credits: 70 Studio Credits: 46 Academic Credits: 24. SEMESTER I Credits: 18 Studio Credits: 12 Academic Credits: 6

INTERIOR DESIGN. Total Credits: 70 Studio Credits: 46 Academic Credits: 24. SEMESTER I Credits: 18 Studio Credits: 12 Academic Credits: 6 DELAWARE COLLEGE OF ART AND DESIGN 600 N MARKET ST WILMINGTON DELAWARE 19801 302.622.8000 INTERIOR DESIGN Total Credits: 70 Studio Credits: 46 Academic Credits: 24 SEMESTER I Drawing I 3 2D Design I: Black

More information

Math vocabulary can be taught with what Montessorians call the Three Period Lesson.

Math vocabulary can be taught with what Montessorians call the Three Period Lesson. Full Transcript of: Montessori Mathematics Materials Presentations Introduction to Montessori Math Demonstrations ( Disclaimer) This program is intended to give the viewers a general understanding of the

More information

Graphic Design. Background: The part of an artwork that appears to be farthest from the viewer, or in the distance of the scene.

Graphic Design. Background: The part of an artwork that appears to be farthest from the viewer, or in the distance of the scene. Graphic Design Active Layer- When you create multi layers for your images the active layer, or the only one that will be affected by your actions, is the one with a blue background in your layers palette.

More information

BPM: Chess vs. Checkers

BPM: Chess vs. Checkers BPM: Chess vs. Checkers Jonathon Struthers Introducing the Games Business relies upon IT systems to perform many of its tasks. While many times systems don t really do what the business wants them to do,

More information

Alecia Hudson. St. Edward s University

Alecia Hudson. St. Edward s University Jean Piaget s Theories and Applications for First Grade Mathematics Alecia Hudson St. Edward s University October 31, 2011 EDUC 2331:02 - Learning Processes and Evaluation The theories of Jean Piaget have

More information

Composition and Layout Techniques

Composition and Layout Techniques Composition and Layout Techniques Composition Techniques Composition Composition is the placement or arrangement of visual elements or ingredients in a work of art, as distinct from the subject of a work.

More information

In-Class Game. The Transformation Game (Lesson 6-9)

In-Class Game. The Transformation Game (Lesson 6-9) EACHING SUGGESIONS he ransformation Game (Lesson 6-9) Separate the class into groups of four. he ransformation Game master, p. 22 he ransformation Game Board master, p. 23 he ransformation Game Pieces

More information

Basic Theory of Intermedia Composing with Sounds and Images

Basic Theory of Intermedia Composing with Sounds and Images (This article was written originally in 1997 as part of a larger text to accompany a Ph.D. thesis at the Music Department of the University of California, San Diego. It was published in "Monochord. De

More information

Chapter 7: Memory. Memory

Chapter 7: Memory. Memory Chapter 7: Memory Case Study: H.M. and His Missing Memories Section 1: Memory Classifications and Processes Section 2: Three Stages of Memory Section 3: Forgetting and Memory Improvement Experiment: Applying

More information

Players: 2-4 Age: up to 10 years Duration: approx. 45 minutes

Players: 2-4 Age: up to 10 years Duration: approx. 45 minutes Players: 2-4 Age: up to 10 years Duration: approx. 45 minutes AD. 63 Pompeji, the city at the foot of Mount Vesuvius, is heavily damaged by a strong earthquake. Fearing an eruption of the volcano, many

More information

Roles of Visuals in Instruction

Roles of Visuals in Instruction Literacy Ms. Magdalena Galloway The ability to read and write verbal messages? What about knowing Shakespeare? Is knowing how to e-mail part of literacy? Language is Power? wordle.net Visual Literacy Learned

More information

Quick Guide. Inclusive Coaching

Quick Guide. Inclusive Coaching Quick Guide Inclusive Coaching Contents Introduction 1 The Inclusion Spectrum 2 STEPS 4 Inclusive coaching considerations 7 Where can you go for further information? 8 All images Alan Edwards. 90713:2

More information

Perceptual Motor Development

Perceptual Motor Development Perceptual Motor Development Characteristic Involves children during preschool to primary grades; usually ages 21/2 to 6. Combines movement abilities with academics (reading,writing,language, math) Engages

More information

BASIC RULES OF CHESS

BASIC RULES OF CHESS BASIC RULES OF CHESS Introduction Chess is a game of strategy believed to have been invented more then 00 years ago in India. It is a game for two players, one with the light pieces and one with the dark

More information

Problem of the Month: Cutting a Cube

Problem of the Month: Cutting a Cube Problem of the Month: The Problems of the Month (POM) are used in a variety of ways to promote problem solving and to foster the first standard of mathematical practice from the Common Core State Standards:

More information

TEACHER S GUIDE TO RUSH HOUR

TEACHER S GUIDE TO RUSH HOUR Using Puzzles to Teach Problem Solving TEACHER S GUIDE TO RUSH HOUR Includes Rush Hour 2, 3, 4, Rush Hour Jr., Railroad Rush Hour and Safari Rush Hour BENEFITS Rush Hour is a sliding piece puzzle that

More information

Introducing Students to the Game of Science. David P. Maloney and Mark F. Masters. Physics Department. Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne

Introducing Students to the Game of Science. David P. Maloney and Mark F. Masters. Physics Department. Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne Introducing Students to the Game of Science David P. Maloney and Mark F. Masters Physics Department Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne 1 We can imagine that this complicated array of moving

More information

Non-Stop Optical Illusions A Teacher s Guide to the Empire State Plaza Art Collection

Non-Stop Optical Illusions A Teacher s Guide to the Empire State Plaza Art Collection Non-Stop Optical Illusions A Teacher s Guide to the Empire State Plaza Art Collection New York State Office of General Services Curatorial/Tour Services 29 th Floor, Corning Tower Albany, NY 12242 518.473.7521

More information

How To Train Special Education Frontline Professionals For A New Teaching Experience

How To Train Special Education Frontline Professionals For A New Teaching Experience Preparing special education frontline professionals for a new teaching experience Jaime Moreira Ribeiro & António Moreira Digital Contents Laboratory, University of Aveiro, Portugal Ana Margarida Pisco

More information

Motor Planning Organizing Yourself to Move

Motor Planning Organizing Yourself to Move Motor Planning Organizing Yourself to Move What is motor planning? Praxis: It s actually a component of praxis although the terms are often used interchangeably. the ability to conceive of, organize, and

More information

Teachers should read through the following activity ideas and make their own risk assessment for them before proceeding with them in the classroom.

Teachers should read through the following activity ideas and make their own risk assessment for them before proceeding with them in the classroom. Mathematical games Teacher notes Teachers should read through the following activity ideas and make their own risk assessment for them before proceeding with them in the classroom. Aims: To use mathematics

More information

GAME ART DESIGN BA (HONS) PORTFOLIO GUIDANCE

GAME ART DESIGN BA (HONS) PORTFOLIO GUIDANCE GAME ART DESIGN BA (HONS) PORTFOLIO GUIDANCE GAME ART DESIGN BA (HONS) YOUR PORTFOLIO AND THE APPLICATION PROCESS Your portfolio is extremely important in helping us to assess your potential and suitability

More information

WBU PowerPoint Guidelines

WBU PowerPoint Guidelines WBU PowerPoint Guidelines Guidelines on how to make the use of PowerPoint and other visual presentations accessible to audience members who have a vision or print impairment Published by the World Blind

More information

Primary and Secondary Qualities Charles Kaijo

Primary and Secondary Qualities Charles Kaijo Primary and Secondary Qualities Charles Kaijo From examining John Locke s distinction between primary and secondary qualities in an object and Bishop George Berkeley s refutation to Locke s argument, it

More information

DESIGNING FOR THE USER INSTEAD OF YOUR PORTFOLIO

DESIGNING FOR THE USER INSTEAD OF YOUR PORTFOLIO DESIGNING FOR THE USER INSTEAD OF YOUR PORTFOLIO AN INTRODUCTION TO USER EXPERIENCE DESIGN Wade Shearer wadeshearer.com Wade Shearer User Experience Designer and Evangelist Vivint, Omniture, LDS Church,

More information

Research. Investigation of Optical Illusions on the Aspects of Gender and Age. Dr. Ivo Dinov Department of Statistics/ Neuroscience

Research. Investigation of Optical Illusions on the Aspects of Gender and Age. Dr. Ivo Dinov Department of Statistics/ Neuroscience RESEARCH Research Ka Chai Lo Dr. Ivo Dinov Department of Statistics/ Neuroscience Investigation of Optical Illusions on the Aspects of Gender and Age Optical illusions can reveal the remarkable vulnerabilities

More information

Physical and Cognitive Development. Cognitive Development. Physical and Cognitive Development. Physical and Cognitive Development

Physical and Cognitive Development. Cognitive Development. Physical and Cognitive Development. Physical and Cognitive Development Physical and Cognitive Cognitive Intro Psychology Georgia Tech Instructor: Dr. Bruce Walker Changes in behavior and structure from womb to tomb We focus on childhood because more is known about that stage

More information

Symmetrical Pentomino Pairs

Symmetrical Pentomino Pairs 44 Geometry at Play Symmetrical Pentomino Pairs Kate Jones, Kadon Enterprises, Inc. Pentominoes shapes made of five congruent squares provide a natural platform for games and puzzles. In this article,

More information

Nikki White Children s Occupational Therapist Barnet Community Services

Nikki White Children s Occupational Therapist Barnet Community Services Nikki White Children s Occupational Therapist Barnet Community Services What is Occupational Therapy (OT)? An occupation is anything you do in your daily life. Anything meaningful or purposeful Eg. Getting

More information

Strategies for Inclusion of Children with Multiple Disabilities, including Deaf-Blindness. Barbara Purvis

Strategies for Inclusion of Children with Multiple Disabilities, including Deaf-Blindness. Barbara Purvis TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE C INFORMATION PERSONNEL TRAINING National Consortium on Deaf-Blindness info@nationaldb.org Strategies for Inclusion of Children with Multiple Disabilities, including Deaf-Blindness

More information

Chapter 7 COGNITION PRACTICE 240-end Intelligence/heredity/creativity Name Period Date

Chapter 7 COGNITION PRACTICE 240-end Intelligence/heredity/creativity Name Period Date Chapter 7 COGNITION PRACTICE 240-end Intelligence/heredity/creativity Name Period Date MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Creativity

More information

Socialization From Infancy to Old Age A. Socialization and the Self self a. Self-identity Socialization

Socialization From Infancy to Old Age A. Socialization and the Self self a. Self-identity Socialization I. Socialization From Infancy to Old Age A. Socialization and the Self 1. Over our lives, we develop a sense of self: a perception of being a distinct personality with a distinct identity. a. Self-identity:

More information

The Need of Continuous Teachers Training in the Coaching of Vocational Education 1

The Need of Continuous Teachers Training in the Coaching of Vocational Education 1 Casanova, M. P., Santos, C. e Silva, M. A. (2014). The Need of Continuous Teachers Training in the Coaching of Vocational Education. In ECER 2014. The Past, Present and Future of Educational Research in

More information

Luiz Felipe Scolari, Portuguese National Team Coach: Who scores, wins!

Luiz Felipe Scolari, Portuguese National Team Coach: Who scores, wins! The complete soccer coaching experience SOCCERCOACHING Interna tiona l SPECIAL Luiz Felipe Scolari, Portuguese National Team Coach: Who scores, wins! Portugal started Euro 2008 as one of the favorites

More information

Cerebral Palsy and Visual Impairment

Cerebral Palsy and Visual Impairment CP Factsheet Cerebral Palsy and Visual Impairment Although cerebral palsy mainly causes difficulty with movement, other conditions may also occur. This is because other parts of the brain may also be affected

More information

Problem-Based Group Activities for a Sensation & Perception Course. David S. Kreiner. University of Central Missouri

Problem-Based Group Activities for a Sensation & Perception Course. David S. Kreiner. University of Central Missouri -Based Group Activities for a Course David S. Kreiner University of Central Missouri Author contact information: David Kreiner Professor of Psychology University of Central Missouri Lovinger 1111 Warrensburg

More information

Three daily lessons. Year 5

Three daily lessons. Year 5 Unit 6 Perimeter, co-ordinates Three daily lessons Year 4 Autumn term Unit Objectives Year 4 Measure and calculate the perimeter of rectangles and other Page 96 simple shapes using standard units. Suggest

More information

THE SENSE OF TOUCH. Roope Raisamo and Jukka Raisamo

THE SENSE OF TOUCH. Roope Raisamo and Jukka Raisamo THE SENSE OF TOUCH Roope Raisamo and Jukka Raisamo Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction School of Information Sciences University of Tampere, Finland Outline for the talk Introduction to the sense

More information

ELEMENTS OF ART & PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

ELEMENTS OF ART & PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN ELEMENTS OF ART & PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Elements of Art: 1. COLOR Color (hue) is one of the elements of art. Artists use color in many different ways. The colors we see are light waves absorbed or reflected

More information

How To Play Go Lesson 1: Introduction To Go

How To Play Go Lesson 1: Introduction To Go How To Play Go Lesson 1: Introduction To Go 1.1 About The Game Of Go Go is an ancient game originated from China, with a definite history of over 3000 years, although there are historians who say that

More information

PUZZLES WITH POLYHEDRA AND PERMUTATION GROUPS

PUZZLES WITH POLYHEDRA AND PERMUTATION GROUPS PUZZLES WITH POLYHEDRA AND PERMUTATION GROUPS JORGE REZENDE. Introduction Consider a polyhedron. For example, a platonic, an arquemidean, or a dual of an arquemidean polyhedron. Construct flat polygonal

More information

USING CONTEXTUALIZED NARRATIVE GAME TO IMPROVE STUDENTS AND TEACHERS COMMUNICATION

USING CONTEXTUALIZED NARRATIVE GAME TO IMPROVE STUDENTS AND TEACHERS COMMUNICATION USING CONTEXTUALIZED NARRATIVE GAME TO IMPROVE STUDENTS AND TEACHERS COMMUNICATION Marcos Alexandre Rose Silva, Ana Luiza Dias, Junia Coutinho Anacleto Federal University of São Carlos. Washigton Luis

More information

Continuous vs. Discontinuous Nature vs. Nurture

Continuous vs. Discontinuous Nature vs. Nurture Piaget s Theory The first cognitive theory, developed by Jean Piaget beginning about 1920. Piaget observed and described children at different ages. His theory is very broad, from birth adolescence, and

More information

Colour by Numbers Image Representation

Colour by Numbers Image Representation Activity 2 Colour by Numbers Image Representation Summary Computers store drawings, photographs and other pictures using only numbers. The following activity demonstrates how they can do this. Curriculum

More information

n 2 + 4n + 3. The answer in decimal form (for the Blitz): 0, 75. Solution. (n + 1)(n + 3) = n + 3 2 lim m 2 1

n 2 + 4n + 3. The answer in decimal form (for the Blitz): 0, 75. Solution. (n + 1)(n + 3) = n + 3 2 lim m 2 1 . Calculate the sum of the series Answer: 3 4. n 2 + 4n + 3. The answer in decimal form (for the Blitz):, 75. Solution. n 2 + 4n + 3 = (n + )(n + 3) = (n + 3) (n + ) = 2 (n + )(n + 3) ( 2 n + ) = m ( n

More information

Portfolio Advice For UK and European Union applicants Architecture BA (Hons)

Portfolio Advice For UK and European Union applicants Architecture BA (Hons) dmu.ac.uk/portfolio Portfolio Advice For UK and European Union applicants Architecture BA (Hons) Your portfolio As a vital part of your application we would ask you to submit a portfolio of work to demonstrate

More information

CHAPTER 1 JON MORENO MARTÍNEZ. Athletic Bilbao Academy Coach

CHAPTER 1 JON MORENO MARTÍNEZ. Athletic Bilbao Academy Coach CHAPTER 1 JON MORENO MARTÍNEZ Athletic Bilbao Academy Coach 1 ATHLETIC BILBAO ACADEMY COACH PROFILE Jon MORENO MARTÍNEZ Athletic Bilbao Academy Coach National football coach (level III) Bachelors Degree

More information

Graphic Design: BFA Portfolio Review

Graphic Design: BFA Portfolio Review Graphic Design: BFA Portfolio Review Instructions For Submission Page: 1 Table of Contents Pages: 2-3 General Information: Portfolio Instructions & Requirements Page: 4 Acceptable Sizes: Portfolios & Presentation

More information

Bruner s Theory of Cognitive Development

Bruner s Theory of Cognitive Development http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2h_swmulog Bruner s Theory of Cognitive Development BATs A01 -Outline Bruner's Theory of Cognitive Development (D) - Apply knowledge of Scaffolding to teach a new concept

More information

Driver Distraction is Greater with Cell Phone Conversation than with Passenger Conversation -- A Social Cybernetic Interpretation

Driver Distraction is Greater with Cell Phone Conversation than with Passenger Conversation -- A Social Cybernetic Interpretation Driver Distraction is Greater with Cell Phone Conversation than with Passenger Conversation -- A Social Cybernetic Interpretation Zhezi Yang and Thomas J. Smith University of Minnesota May 20, 2015 26th

More information

Design Elements & Principles

Design Elements & Principles Design Elements & Principles I. Introduction Certain web sites seize users sights more easily, while others don t. Why? Sometimes we have to remark our opinion about likes or dislikes of web sites, and

More information

Making Decisions in Chess

Making Decisions in Chess Making Decisions in Chess How can I find the best move in a position? This is a question that every chess player would like to have answered. Playing the best move in all positions would make someone invincible.

More information

There are basically three options available for overcoming barriers to learning:

There are basically three options available for overcoming barriers to learning: COGNITIVE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT Teacher Introduction Determining Your Students Weaknesses (Excerpts from article by Dr. Ken Gibson, Founder and CEO of LearningRx) Do you have students who struggle to understand

More information

ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN APPENDIX A1 4 T T ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Groups: 1. Select an advertisement. 2. Examine the advertisement to find examples of a few elements and principles of design that you are familiar with.

More information

José M. F. Moura, Director of ICTI at Carnegie Mellon Carnegie Mellon Victor Barroso, Director of ICTI in Portugal www.cmu.

José M. F. Moura, Director of ICTI at Carnegie Mellon Carnegie Mellon Victor Barroso, Director of ICTI in Portugal www.cmu. José M. F. Moura, Director of ICTI at Victor Barroso, Director of ICTI in Portugal www.cmu.edu/portugal Portugal program timeline 2005: Discussions and meeting with Ministry of Science Technology, Higher

More information

Examples of Data Representation using Tables, Graphs and Charts

Examples of Data Representation using Tables, Graphs and Charts Examples of Data Representation using Tables, Graphs and Charts This document discusses how to properly display numerical data. It discusses the differences between tables and graphs and it discusses various

More information

2 THE LAWS OF TABLE TENNIS

2 THE LAWS OF TABLE TENNIS 2 THE LAWS OF TABLE TENNIS 2.1 THE TABLE 2.1.1 The upper surface of the table, known as the playing surface, shall be rectangular, 2.74m long and 1.525m wide, and shall lie in a horizontal plane 76cm above

More information

20-30 minutes, can be used within a longer activity

20-30 minutes, can be used within a longer activity Locked-in 1 Age group successfully used with: Abilities assumed: Time: Size of group: 11 adult None 20-30 minutes, can be used within a longer activity anything from 2 to hundreds Focus What is an algorithm?

More information

ART A. PROGRAM RATIONALE AND PHILOSOPHY

ART A. PROGRAM RATIONALE AND PHILOSOPHY ART A. PROGRAM RATIONALE AND PHILOSOPHY Art education is concerned with the organization of visual material. A primary reliance upon visual experience gives an emphasis that sets it apart from the performing

More information

SPATIAL DATA INFRASTUCTURE: DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL ABILITIES IN THE FRAMEWORK OF EUROPEAN SPACE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

SPATIAL DATA INFRASTUCTURE: DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL ABILITIES IN THE FRAMEWORK OF EUROPEAN SPACE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION Boletín Spatial de data la Asociación infrastucture: de Geógrafos development Españoles of spatial N.º abilities 58-2012, in the págs. framework 463-467 of European Space for Higher Education I.S.S.N.:

More information

Second Grade Science Curriculum

Second Grade Science Curriculum Second Grade Science Curriculum Approved July 12, 2004 The Georgia Performance Standards are designed to provide students with the knowledge and skills for proficiency in science at the second grade level.

More information

OFFICIAL RULES OF THE NATIONAL SHUFFLEBOARD ASSOCIATION, INC. Revised 1997 Updated January 2005

OFFICIAL RULES OF THE NATIONAL SHUFFLEBOARD ASSOCIATION, INC. Revised 1997 Updated January 2005 OFFICIAL RULES OF THE NATIONAL SHUFFLEBOARD ASSOCIATION, INC. Revised 1997 Updated January 2005 A - GAME 1. The game of shuffleboard is played by: two (2) persons (called singles), or by four (4) persons

More information

COMPLEX LEARNING DIFFICULTIES AND DISABILITIES RESEARCH PROJECT (CLDD)

COMPLEX LEARNING DIFFICULTIES AND DISABILITIES RESEARCH PROJECT (CLDD) Page 1 This is a general overview of the implications of vision impairment, hearing impairment and multi-sensory impairment. The impact of impairments for individual students with complex learning difficulties

More information

Spring 2016 Short Course Programme COURSE INFORMATION SHEET PSYCHOLOGY. Freud and his legacy Tom Garner PhD Study Day

Spring 2016 Short Course Programme COURSE INFORMATION SHEET PSYCHOLOGY. Freud and his legacy Tom Garner PhD Study Day Spring 2016 Short Course Programme COURSE INFORMATION SHEET PSYCHOLOGY Freud and his legacy Tom Garner PhD Study Day Saturday 12 March 10am 4pm Course code: 15TON219 Course fee: 35 This course introduces

More information

Chapter 4: Eligibility Categories

Chapter 4: Eligibility Categories 23 Chapter 4: Eligibility Categories In this chapter you will: learn the different special education categories 24 IDEA lists different disability categories under which children may be eligible for services.

More information

Stages of development

Stages of development 112 Chapter 8: Cognitive development Jean Piaget, 1896 1980. An example of the dominance in play of assimilation over accommodation pretending that an old packing case, a box, and a tube are a tank. The

More information

Supporting Online Material for

Supporting Online Material for www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/316/5828/1128/dc1 Supporting Online Material for Cognitive Supports for Analogies in the Mathematics Classroom Lindsey E. Richland,* Osnat Zur, Keith J. Holyoak *To

More information

Customer Relationship Management Systems why many large companies do not have them?

Customer Relationship Management Systems why many large companies do not have them? Customer Relationship Management Systems why many large companies do not have them? Manuela Cunha 1 4, João Varajão 2,3, Daniela Santana 2, Isabel Bentes 2 1 Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave, Portugal

More information

Definitions, Identification, and Supportive Professionals

Definitions, Identification, and Supportive Professionals Definitions, Identification, and Supportive Professionals Dolly Bhargava, M. Spec. Ed. with Supportive Information from Elmwood Visual Resource Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand Vision plays an important

More information

CORTICAL VISUAL IMPAIRMENT

CORTICAL VISUAL IMPAIRMENT Idaho Project for Children and Youth with Deaf-Blindness Fact Sheet CORTICAL VISUAL IMPAIRMENT Definition: Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) is a temporary or permanent visual impairment caused by the disturbance

More information

VISUAL ARTS VOCABULARY

VISUAL ARTS VOCABULARY VISUAL ARTS VOCABULARY Abstract Artwork in which the subject matter is stated in a brief, simplified manner; little or no attempt is made to represent images realistically, and objects are often simplified

More information

Background. Bereavement and Grief in Childhood. Ariel A. Kell. University of Pittsburgh. December 2011

Background. Bereavement and Grief in Childhood. Ariel A. Kell. University of Pittsburgh. December 2011 Running Head: BEREAVEMENT AND GRIEF Background Bereavement and Grief in Childhood by Ariel A. Kell University of Pittsburgh December 2011 BEREAVEMENT AND GRIEF 2 When looking at how individuals experience

More information

innovative, interactive technology for special needs education, corporate presentation systems and digital kiosks

innovative, interactive technology for special needs education, corporate presentation systems and digital kiosks innovative, interactive technology for special needs education, corporate presentation systems and digital kiosks VisiLift the plasma with altitude VisiLift is a fully mobile interactive HD touchscreen

More information

Advice for Teachers of Colour Blind Secondary School Students

Advice for Teachers of Colour Blind Secondary School Students Advice for Teachers of Colour Blind Secondary School Students Colour vision deficiency (CVD) affects 1 in 12 boys (8%) and 1 in 200 girls. There are approximately 400,000 colour blind pupils in British

More information

Developmental Phases

Developmental Phases Dribbling with Foot Dribbling with foot, commonly used in soccer, involves controlling a ball and travelling with it. It is a foot-eye coordination skill that requires visual tracking, dynamic balance

More information

COACHES PERCEIVED IMPORTANCE OF DRILLS ITEMS IN BASKETBALL PLAYERS' LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT

COACHES PERCEIVED IMPORTANCE OF DRILLS ITEMS IN BASKETBALL PLAYERS' LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT Revista de Psicología del Deporte 2009. Vol. 18 - suppl., pp. 457-461 ISSN: 1132-239X Universitat de les Illes Balears Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona COACHES PERCEIVED IMPORTANCE OF DRILLS ITEMS IN

More information

Counting Money and Making Change Grade Two

Counting Money and Making Change Grade Two Ohio Standards Connection Number, Number Sense and Operations Benchmark D Determine the value of a collection of coins and dollar bills. Indicator 4 Represent and write the value of money using the sign

More information

Teaching Methodology for 3D Animation

Teaching Methodology for 3D Animation Abstract The field of 3d animation has addressed design processes and work practices in the design disciplines for in recent years. There are good reasons for considering the development of systematic

More information

Making tessellations combines the creativity of an art project with the challenge of solving a puzzle.

Making tessellations combines the creativity of an art project with the challenge of solving a puzzle. Activities Grades 6 8 www.exploratorium.edu/geometryplayground/activities EXPLORING TESSELLATIONS Background: What is a tessellation? A tessellation is any pattern made of repeating shapes that covers

More information