Biology Program Core Course Learning Objectives

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1 ASSESSMENT OF BASIC PROGRAM COURSES BIOLOGY Biology Program Core Course Learning Objectives BIOL 1200/1205 Cells and Molecules Learning Objectives Lecture: Lab: To understand elements and chemical bonds and the relationship between biology and chemistry. To understand the basic structures of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell and their functions. To be able to describe energy flow at the cellular level. To be able to describe the mechanisms of inheritance at both the cellular and organismal level. To understand the cellular functions of DNA, RNA, and proteins. The ability to apply lecture concepts in a laboratory setting To obtain basic laboratory skills such as microscopy, spectrophotometry, measuring, etc. To understand enzyme systems and energy systems. The ability to write scientific reports including analysis of data and graphing, BIOL 1400/1405 Biodiversity and Evolution Learning Objectives Lecture: Students should understand the scientific method, and associated terminology, such as hypothesis, theory, etc. Students should understand the theory of evolution, the mechanisms of evolution (especially natural selection), the evolution of populations and species, and the underlying support for evolution. They should also understand the historical context in which this theory was originally formed. Students should have a working knowledge of the history of life on Earth and research into the origin of life. Students should have a sense of geologic time and the fossil record and the roles of changing environmental conditions, mass extinctions, endosymbiosis, and the rise of eukaryotic cells play in the evolution of life on Earth. Students should understand how to read a phylogenetic tree, have a basic understanding of the mechanisms by which they are created, and have a general understanding of the principles involved in grouping organisms on an evolutionary tree. 1

2 Lab: Students should be able to distinguish between organisms in all three domains of life, and to give identifying characteristics of each. Students should also be able to distinguish between some groups of prokaryotes, some groups of protists, the 4 main groups of land plants, 5 clades of fungi, and both invertebrate and vertebrate animals, to varying degrees. Students should be able to describe both the evolution of land plants and the evolution of vertebrates/tetrapods/amniotes providing several steps along the way in the process. Students should understand general ecological concepts, including major biomes, ecosystems interactions, the carbon cycle, the greenhouse effect, and global climate change. Students should also understand the concept of a carbon footprint, and be familiar with the science of conservation biology. Physiology? Yay or nay? Students should be able to identify and/or create testable hypotheses, as well as predictions based on those hypotheses. Students should understand the components of a scientific lab report and be able to write a lab report, including data description, analysis, graphing, and drawing conclusions. Students should gain basic laboratory and field skills, such as microscopy, anatomical dissection, quadrat plotting, etc. Students should gain an appreciation of the diversity of life, both extant and extinct, including our local unique ecosystem. BIOL 2110/2115 Genetics Learning Objectives Lecture & lab: Understand and describe the mechanisms that underpin inheritance o Explain the link between meiosis and Mendelian genetics o Explain how Mendelian inheritance patterns can be modified by linkage, sex chromosomes, gene interactions and variable gene expression o Understand relationships among recombination and genetic mapping Interpret experimental data including hybrid, dihybrid and advanced intercrosses, pedigree analyses and probability Understand DNA replication, transcription, translation as underlying mechanism of inheritance. o Explain the strengths and limitations of Central Dogma o Describe the molecular structure of DNA o Interpret Mendelian patterns in molecular terms o Explain the structure and molecular basis of the genetic code o Describe and compare the structure of prokaryotic, eukaryotic and organellar chromosomes Understand the role of mutation in disease and cancer Understand mathematical models used in quantitative and population genetics, as well as evolutionary biology o Explain the mechanism of genetic change Mutation Migration Selection 2

3 Drift o Hardy-Weinberg o Phenotype = Genotype + Environment Understand the role of technology and DNA technologies in all aspects of modern life. o Recombinant DNA technologies/biotechnology o Identify and navigate major genetics databases 3

4 CHEMISTRY The efforts of the Chemistry program in assessment began in the last decade and continue to this day. Initially, there were discussions about what the students should learn in classes and this ranged from those students who only take one semester of Chemistry to those that are majors. There was discussion of what skills students should gain in the laboratory, what the content of the courses should be to impart the necessary information. A list of competencies was compiled and two specific ones were identified. One of them was qualitative that students need to understand what chemical formulas mean. The other was quantitative students need to be able to construct as well as interpret graphs. Steps were taken to improve students understanding of graphs. Specifically, a laboratory experiment in the first semester of chemistry was changed to emphasize graphing using a computer program. The new experiment required students to make a graph and analyze it. Professors of subsequent chemistry courses noted that there was an increase in student understanding of graphs and the ability to use them. Other changes were made in Chemistry I lab including have students analyze results from other students in the class. A composite of all the class data was assembled. This information is always depicted in form of various types of graphs and this allowed students more experience in interpreting graphs and analyzing data. Changes were also made to improve student s engagement in the first chemistry class known as CHEM 1. In fall 2008, all CHEM 1 sections began to use an on line problem system known as Wileyplus. This allowed instructors to assign problems based on what was covered in the lecture. There were links to the textbook so that the students could review the relevant material and hints were provided. Instructors could choose how many attempts the students could make to solve a problem and decide upon the scoring of the question. To make sure that the students did not get the right answer by eliminating the wrong ones, the problems would change if a wrong answer was recorded. All instructors used the Wileyplus system and agreed that it would account for the same overall amount in the grade. The Wileyplus system has been in use in CHEM 1 for 5 semesters and the impact has been evaluated in a number of ways. Students were given questionnaires specifically addressing the impact of wileyplus on learning the material and academic performance. Results indicate that a clear majority credit wileyplus for increasing the understanding of the material and improving performance. The impact of wileyplus has also been evaluated by comparing the overall score on a standardized test before and after wileyplus was used. The standardized test is provided by the American Chemical Society and scores were analyzed for a section before wileyplus was used and one that used wileyplus. The results do show an improvement of about 10%. In addition to comparing scores on standardized tests, student performance on exams given in class was assessed. The results indicate that performance increased. To demonstrate this, the % of students scoring in each percentile was evaluated. At this point, the results 4

5 need further analysis to ensure that the students were of similar background and preparation. The wileyplus system has worked so well that it is now being implemented in CHEM 4. There have also been discussions of introducing an on line homework component in CHEM 2 and CHEM3 as well. It has been used in two sections of Biochemistry. The American Chemical Society is an accrediting institute for chemistry departments at colleges and universities. Stockton does do the four semesters of introductory chemistry in an unorthodox order. Most colleges offer the year of inorganic chemistry (CHEM 1 and CHEM4) followed by the year of organic chemistry (CHEM 2 and 3). Stockton offers one semester of inorganic, two semesters of organic and one semester of inorganic. This means that the students taking the tests are most likely not at the same stage as at other schools. The ACS does have standardized exams that students can take in a number of classes and the national averages are made available. The Chemistry program has a long history of the use of standardized tests to assess learning. As mentioned, the appropriate American Chemical Society (ACS) tests have been used at the end of CHEM 1, CHEM 4 and CHEM 3. The program has sporadically used the exam for CHEM 1 while both CHEM 4 and CHEM 3 always use the standardized tests. The test in CHEM 4 is used to test knowledge in the area of inorganic chemistry while the test in CHEM 3 comes after the two traditional semesters of organic chemistry. There have also been individual efforts to assess learning objectives. Based on the goal of getting students to understand what chemical formulas mean, one faculty member has embedded questions regarding this topic in exams throughout the semester. Another faculty member in collaboration with a colleague at another institution uses extensive internet and on line sources for the class. In summary, the Chemistry program has had discussions to identify learning objectives and efforts have been made in terms of changing curriculum to improve them. The use of standardized tests and student surveys allow analysis of whether the changes are effective. 5

6 COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE Having completed CPLS 2110: Introduction to Computational Science, a successful student will: 1. be able to differentiate between variables (independent and dependent), parameters and rules (rate laws) and explain their respective roles both in building and in using a computational model; 2. be aware of the limitations imposed by finite precision arithmetic and of some strategies for avoiding or minimizing the consequences of these limitations; 3. know how to use matlab to visualize and post-process results from a model; 4. be able to verify and validate (test the integrity of) a model; 5. realize that there is often a trade-off between model complexity and utility and be able to choose and use a model as dictated by the scientific question of interest; 6. be able to modify a Simulink model by adding enhanced functionality; 7. apprehend the difference between a deterministic and a stochastic model and be able to identify which type of model is most appropriate when modeling a specific phenomenon; 8. realize the importance of steady states in models of dynamical systems and be able to identify their presence; and 9. be capable of recognizing the signature of common mathematical functions as well as their combinations in a data set and of fitting an appropriate function to the data set to obtain model parameters. 6

7 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE/GEOLOGY Currently, the program is reviewing core courses, working to bring our learning objectives into line and to agree on assessment procedures. We are reluctant to consider a senior level examination, in part because we have done that in the past with very mixed results but also because our students select from a wide variety of electives. Based on what our students seem capable of doing upon graduation through reviewing their work and through our survey of graduates, we ve agreed to concentrate more on computer literacy in our core courses. We ve agreed to take our senior level course (Environmental Issues, ENVL 4300/4305) and move the two sections closer together and provide more training in geographic information systems such that all students will have some exposure to GIS upon graduation. Moving the course was done some time in the past; agreeing to emphasize GIS is recent. In our 2000 level courses, we are now putting much more emphasis on students using Microsoft Excel much more heavily in our labs, including using canned formulas and modifying these for different applications, graphing, and downloading information and turning into usable data. The LO s for one of the core courses (Physical Geography, ENVL 2100/2105) seem reasonably close among the various sections taught. There are significant differences in some aspects of the LO s for Ecological Principles, particularly the lab. Jamie and I are a subcommittee trying to meld the LO s more effectively and to come up with assessment techniques. Agreeing on the LO s for the introductory level course seems more problematic at this point. It s a required course for ENVL majors, a recommended course for EDUC students, and an ASD or cognate course taken by students most notably in CRIM, POLS, ECON, BSNS. It s also been taught by many different faculty members and in some cases was team taught. Each faculty member who has taught the Introductory level course will send me his/her LO s for that course, and we intend to produce a common core from that. By our next Program meeting, we will present the LO s for Ecological Principles and lab and put the final touches on the LO s for Physical Geography. 7

8 MARINE SCIENCE Learning outcome goals for Introduction to Marine Biology Knowledge of the principal types of marine life: microbes, plants, invertebrates, fishes, reptiles, birds, mammals (including common southern New Jersey species). Understanding of the biological, chemical, geological, and physical aspects of the marine environment and their significance to marine life. Appreciation of the major ecological zones found in the marine environment: including the open ocean, deep sea, estuaries, coasts, coral reefs, intertidal, and other significant littoral habitats. Experience from field trips: exposure to local habitats and organisms, standard physical and biological collecting techniques, and identification of specimens. Insight into current themes in marine resource management and conservation. Methods of Assessment: Quizzes / exams. Class discussion / engagement of students in the field. Lab reports / practical exam. Marine Science assessment instrument given to graduating seniors. Feedback from local colleagues and agencies that hire Marine Science graduates. Learning outcomes goals for Introduction to Oceanography Geographical features of the oceans: ocean basins, ridges, trenches, regional seas, important straits. Main surface ocean currents, their names and directions of flow. Several different types of waves and some of their parameters (length, height, period, speed). Major ions in the ocean and their proportions to salinity. Main nutrient cycles the ocean. Important marine pollution events and their ramifications. Methods of assessment include: class discussions/questions from students homework questions from the textbook quizzes (recent material) exams (non-cumulative) and final exam (cumulative) 8

9 MATHEMATICS Precalculus MATH 1100 Course Description: Precalculus is an entry level mathematics course satisfying a dual purpose. Precalculus is designed as a preparatory course for the Calculus sequence which provides students with a toolbox of skills which will aid in the transition to Calculus I. Precalculus is a stand alone course which provides the student with a mathematical sophistication necessary for completing various scientific majors. (e.g. Biology.) Topical Learning Outcomes: Students will understand the concept of functions and will be able to perform operations with functions algebraically, graphically, and analytically. Students will be able to recognize a function based on the formal definition. Students will learn the basic properties and graphs of elementary functions and will use transformations to graph functions. Students will learn basic properties that will aid in the graphical representation of function, including: Domain/Range, x/y intercepts, symmetry, etc. Students will learn basic properties of polynominal and rational functions and will apply these properties to develop graphs of these functions. Students will learn to solve polynomial and rational inequalities. Students will understand the concept of inverse functions both algebraically and graphically. Students will learn basic properties of exponential and logarithmic functions and will work with these functions analytically and graphically. Students will solve exponential and logarithmic equations. Students will understand trigonometric functions in terms of both the right triangle definition and the circular definition. Students will study basic properties and graphs of trigonometric functions and transformed trigonometric functions. Students will work with trigonometric identities. 9

10 Students will solve trigonometric equations. Application Based Learning Outcomes: Students will see uses of Precalculus material as a preparation for the Calculus sequence. These may, for example, include some or all of the following. Students will learn to construct and simplify a difference quotient of a function. Students will see applications of slope applied to a secant line of a function to understand average rate of change. Students will learn basic properties of functions, including: Increasing, Decreasing, Relative Minimum, Relative Maximum, etc., which will be formalized in Calculus I. Students will use basic properties of quadratic functions to investigate maximizing and minimizing an application based function. Students will be introduced to the Intermediate Value Theorem. Students will be introduced to the concept of critical numbers and test intervals. Students will see applications of the tools learned in Precalculus to other scientific and non-scientific fields. These may, for example, include some or all of the following. Students will recognize the relationship between a function and an algorithm. (Computer Science) Students will consider a model of profit predicting using linear functions. (Economics) Students will investigate population models of growth and decay using polynomial, exponential, and logarithmic functions. (Biology) Students will learn to compute compound interest using exponential functions. (Economics) Students will be introduced to a declining Human Memory Model using logarithmic functions. (Psychology) Learning Outcomes for Calculus I 10

11 Here is a list of topics which the math program feels make up the desired learning outcomes of our students in Calculus I. It should be noted that Calculus I not only serves as an essential stepping stone for the rest of the Calculus sequence as well as more advanced mathematics, but it is also a stand-alone course. Limits Understand concept and definition of a limit. Know notation used for limits. Find a limit from a graph as well as analytically using the methods presented such as the Squeeze Theorem, multiplying by the conjugate, simplifying fractions, factoring, etc. Find one-sided limits. Know when a limit does not exist. Understand concept of continuity and show it for a given function. Understand and evaluate infinite limits and limits at infinity. Know properties of limits. Derivatives Understand that a derivative is a function which essentially gives you the slope (or rate of change) of the differentiated function. Know the limit definition of a derivative and how to apply it. Know the different notation used for differentiation. Find tangent line/linearization of a function at a point. Know when a derivative does not exist. For example, a function must be continuous to be differentiable (at a point). Know basic differentiation rules: multiplying by constants, power rule, sum/difference rule, product rule, quotient rule and chain rule. Understand concept of higher-order derivatives and how to compute them. 11

12 Know how to differentiate implicitly. Be able to apply it to related rate problems. Know how to find absolute and relative extrema of a function using derivatives. Apply this to optimization problems. Understand concept and importance of a critical number. Be able to find where a function is increasing, decreasing, or constant using the first derivative test. Be able to use the second derivative to determine concavity and inflection points. Be able to use information collected from the derivatives to sketch a function. Understand concept of differentials and error propagation. Know relationship between the a function s derivative and its inverse s. Integration Know definition of an antiderivative and that they are not unique and in fact, part of a family (unless initial condition is given). Find antiderivative of specific types of functions using basic integration rules. Find specific solutions to initial value problems. Know notation for integration, both definite and indefinite. Approximate area using upper and lower sums as well as the more general Riemann Sums. Understand link between Riemann Sums and the definite integral. Understand concept of integrability and that continuity implies integrability. Know how to compute the definite integral using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (when possible). Know properties of definite integrals. Understand the difference between indefinite and definite integrals. Understand the concept of the average value of a function. 12

13 Know the Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and how to apply it. Integrate by substitution (change of variables) for both indefinite and definite integrals. Differential Equations (If Time Allows) Verify a solution to a differential equation. Find general and particular solutions to differential equations of the form y =f(x) via integration. Sketch a slope field and a particular solution from it. Understand exponential growth and decay and be able to apply it. Solve simple differential equations (including exponential growth and decay) using separation of variables. Calculus I Math 2115 Here is a list of topics which the math program feels make up the desired learning outcomes Limits Understand concept and definition of a limit. Know notation used for limits. Find a limit from a graph as well as analytically using the methods presented such as the Squeeze Theorem, multiplying by the conjugate, simplifying fractions, factoring, etc. Find one-sided limits. Know when a limit does not exist. Understand concept of continuity and show it for a given function. Understand and evaluate infinite limits and limits at infinity. Know properties of limits. Derivatives 13

14 Understand that a derivative is a function which essentially gives you the slope (or rate of change) of the differentiated function. Know the limit definition of a derivative and how to apply it. Know the different notation used for differentiation. Find tangent line/linearization of a function at a point. Know when a derivative does not exist. For example, a function must be continuous to be differentiable (at a point). Know basic differentiation rules: multiplying by constants, power rule, sum/difference rule, product rule, quotient rule and chain rule. Understand concept of higher-order derivatives and how to compute them. Know how to differentiate implicitly. Be able to apply it to related rate problems. Know how to find absolute and relative extrema of a function using derivatives. Apply this to optimization problems. Understand concept and importance of a critical number. Be able to find where a function is increasing, decreasing, or constant using the first derivative test. Be able to use the second derivative to determine concavity and inflection points. Be able to use information collected from the derivatives to sketch a function. Understand concept of differentials and error propagation. Know relationship between the a function s derivative and its inverse s. Integration Know definition of an antiderivative and that they are not unique and in fact, part of a family (unless initial condition is given). Find antiderivative of specific types of functions using basic integration rules. Find specific solutions to initial value problems. Know notation for integration, both definite and indefinite. Approximate area using upper and lower sums as well as the more general Riemann Sums. 14

15 Understand link between Riemann Sums and the definite integral. Understand concept of integrability and that continuity implies integrability. Know how to compute the definite integral using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (when possible). Know properties of definite integrals. Understand the difference between indefinite and definite integrals. Understand the concept of the average value of a function. Know the Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and how to apply it. Integrate by substitution (change of variables) for both indefinite and definite integrals. Differential Equations (If Time Allows) Verify a solution to a differential equation. Find general and particular solutions to differential equations of the form y =f(x) via integration. Sketch a slope field and a particular solution from it. Understand exponential growth and decay and be able to apply it. Solve simple differential equations (including exponential growth and decay) using separation of variables. MATH Calculus II The student is expected to acquire the following skills which are presented in the text and demonstrated by the instructor in class: Applications of Integration. Integration has wide applications in all sciences. The student should learn: How to use a definite integral to find the area of a plane region bounded by two or more curves and surface area of revolution. How to use the disk method, cross section method, or the shell method to find the volume of a solid of revolution. How to find the length of a plane curve. 15

16 How to find the work done by a variable force. How to find the moment of a planar lamina with respect to x- axis and y-axis and the center and the centroid of a planar lamina. Integration Techniques The student should learn: 1) How to do integration by parts. 2) How to do some important trigonometric integrals and trigonometric substitutions. 3) How to do integration of rational functions. 4) How to evaluate improper integrals where the integrand is discontinuous or the limit of integration is infinity or negative infinity. Applying L Hopital s Rule to find the limit of indeterminate forms if the limit exists. Infinite Series. The student should learn: 1) How to determine whether a sequence and a series converge or diverge. 2) How to find Taylor or Maclaurin polynomial approximations to the functions which have n+1 derivatives. 3) How to find the interval of convergence of a power series and how to differentiate and integrate power series. 4) How to represent functions by power series and how to find a Taylor or Maclaurin series for a function. Parametric Equations, and Polar Coordinates. The student should learn: How to use a set of parametric equations to find the slope of a tangent line to a plain curve and the arc length of a plain curve. 2) How to find the slope of a tangent line to a polar graph, and identify some special polar graphs. 3) How to find the area of a region bounded by a polar graph and find the arc length of a polar graph. 16

17 Calculus III MATH 2117 Calculus III is the course where students can explore multi-dimensional space objects and study the application tools to Engineering and Physics. It is also the last part of calculus sequence. Students who enrolled in this course include Mathematics, Physics, CPLS and others who are seeking minor in math. Students Learning Outcomes: Students who successfully complete this course will be able to perform the following task. Learn to work with vectors in two or three dimensions. Students should able to: Perform algebraic operations of vector in two or three dimensions. Geometric interpretation of vector operations. Construct lines, planes in space. Identify and able to describe Quadric surfaces. Conversion of Rectangular to Cylindrical and Spherical coordinates. Learn to work with vector-valued functions. Students should be able to Find limit, derivative and integral of vector-valued functions. Described curves with vector-valued functions. Able to find curvature, tangent, normal, and binormal vectors of a curve at a point. Describe and analyze motion in space. Learn to work with multivariable functions. Students should be able to Describe domain and range of a multivariable function. Identify level curves and its applications Evaluate limit, continuity, integral of a multivariable function. Compute directional and partial derivatives, use Chain rule properly. Work on applications using differentials. 17

18 Work on extreme value problems using critical points, gradient vector, Work on optimization applications using Lagrange multipliers. Learn to evaluate multiple integrals. Students should able to Compute double, triple integrals. Applications using multiple integrals, such as finding volumes of solids, areas of regions. Evaluate multiple integrals in different coordinates system, polar coordinate, cylindrical and spherical coordinates. Use of Fubini s theorem when dealing multiple integral. Learn Vector Calculus. Students should able to Work with vector fields in two or three dimensional spaces. Determine conservativeness of vector fields, finding potential functions. Evaluate line integral, using Theorem of Line integrals. Understand Green s, Stokes and Divergence theorem. Applications using vector calculus. 18

19 PHYSICS Upon successful completion of the following courses: PHYS2110 PLS I Physics for Life Sciences I PHYS2120 PLSII Physics for Life Sciences II PHYS2220 PHYS I PHYS2230 PHYS II The student will have acquired the following knowledge and skills: Demonstrate the understanding of the fundamental concepts/laws in physics by explaining and discussing both verbally and in written language the physics concepts listed in course content, as well as their relevance to everyday events and circumstances in a broad interdisciplinary context. Demonstrate critical thinking/ analytical reasoning ability by using algebra, trigonometry, and calculus to set up mathematical descriptions of physical systems and to calculate measurable quantities that provide an understanding of the physical environment in terms of the concepts listed in the course content. Demonstrate the ability to apply knowledge/skills to real world settings Demonstrate the ability to analyze/solve complex problems by retaining information from course to course to solve integrated problems. Learning Outcomes for Introductory Physics Laboratory courses Upon successful completion of the following laboratory courses: PHYS2115 PLS I lab Physics for Life Sciences I Lab PHYS2125 PLS II lab Physics for Life Sciences II Lab PHYS2225 PHYS I lab PHYS2235 PHYSII lab The student will have acquired the following knowledge and skills: Demonstrate the understanding of the fundamental concepts/laws in physics by setting up laboratory equipment safely and efficiently and planning and carrying out experimental procedures Demonstrate the ability to apply knowledge/skills to real world settings by identifying possible sources of error and implementing techniques that enhance precision Demonstrate critical thinking/ analytical reasoning ability through analyzing and interpreting experimental data 19

20 Demonstrate effective oral/written communication skills/ability by reporting verbally and in written language the experimental data, results, and assessment of reliability Demonstrate teamwork skills/ ability to collaborate by working in groups on a laboratory experiment Demonstrate ability to innovate and be creative in a laboratory experiment 20