Implementation of a battery / fuel cell / ultracapacitor configuration into a heavy-duty vehicle (ECCE)

Transcription

1 Implementation of a battery / fuel cell / ultracapacitor configuration into a heavy-duty vehicle (ECCE) Jérôme Mulot, Javier Solano-Martinez, Fabien Harel, Daniel Hissel, Marie-Cécile Péra, Ivan Rodel, Jean-Christophe Duclos, Sébastien Boblet, Michel Amiet Département ENERGIE Equipe 2M RHEVE Conference December 7th, 2011

2 ECCE mobile laboratory ECCE = French acronym for evaluation and characterization of electrical components Complete test bench for land vehicle electrical transmission systems PARTNERS : DGA FEMTO-ST PANHARD GENAL DEFENSE HELION fuel cell systems CIRTEM Evaluation of: Traction chain, power electronics, energy storage, power sources Energy management strategies 2/24

3 Summary Presentation Control Structure Energy Management Strategy Validation Conclusion 3/24

4 ECCE Phase 1 Objective : Development of a heavy-duty mobile test platform (ECCE) dedicated to component and system evaluation (motor, energy sources, energy storage devices, power converters/inverters etc Power converters and control systems Development time period : Internal combustion engines Lead-Acid batteries 4/24

5 ECCE Phase 2 Objective : Assess different technologies of permanent and transient power sources and their association onboard the ECCE vehicle. (Fuel cell systems (FCS), ultracapacitor systems (UCS), Flywheel systems (FWS), Internal combustion Engines (ICE) Power converters and control systems Development time period : Internal combustion engines or fuel cell system or flywheel + ICE Lead-Acid batteries Ultracapacitors 5/24

6 ECCE Phase 2 6/24

7 Energetic Macroscopic Representation Energetic Macroscopic Representation approach Advantages: Physical causality Highlight measures and sensors Control structure identification Implementation under Matlab / Simulink 7/24

8 Practical Control Structure Solano Mar)nez, J. et al, Prac)cal Control Structure of a Heavy Duty Hybrid Electric Vehicle, IEEE VPPC'10 Vehicular Power Propulsion Conference, Lille, France, /24

9 Energy Management strategy Not a priori knowledge of the driving cycle Only real-time information is considered 9/24

10 Energy Management strategy 10/24

11 Batteries Energy Management strategy Variation DC bus voltage Less efficient than UCS Directly connected (not power converter) Indirectly controlled by the other sources 11/24

12 Most efficient source in this configuration High output power, low energy density UCS Energy Management strategy 12/24

13 FCS Energy Management strategy Supply the mean energy while regulating the state-of-charge of the storage sources: A fuzzy controller is well appropriated It consider the speed of the vehicle (and then the kinetic energy stored) Solano Mar)nez, J. et al, "Prac)cal Control Structure and Energy Management of a Test Bed Hybrid Electric Vehicle," Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transac)ons on, vol.pp, no.99, pp.1, 0 13/24

14 Survey-based type-2 FLS A survey-based type-2 fuzzy logic system Allows design fuzzy systems by using expert knowledge It considers the uncertainty in the meaning of the words It considers the different opinion of the experts 14/24

15 Survey-based type-2 FLS Solano MarOnez, J. et al A survey- based type- 2 fuzzy logic system for energy management in hybrid electrical vehicles, Informa)on Sciences, Accepted for publica)on. 15/24

16 Simulation 16/24

17 Simulation Ultracapacitors supply high dynamic power and allows regenerative braking DC bus voltage variation is minimised as well as the batteries power Fuel cell system regulate the UC SOC and operates at low frequencies; The fuzzy logic controller implicitly acts as a low-band filter Simulation results are considered as satisfactory to continue with experimental validation 17/24

18 Static Validation Validation before driving validation Courant (A) FCS Consigne de courant système PAC Courant bus système PAC Puissance nette système PAC Temps (min) Pmax nette = 35 kw Puissance (kw) Courant (A) / Puissance (kw) Puissance nette SCAP Tension SCAP Courant bus SCAP UCS Appel de courant charge résistive Temps (s) Pmax nette = 80 kw Tension (V) 18/24

19 Static Validation x [W] Power distribution Pow er distribution UCS+FCS+batteries Load FCS SCS Batt [V] DC Bus voltage Vbatt time [s] Static results are considered as satisfactory to continue with driving validation 19/24

20 Driving Validation Real-world evaluation of the sources and the EMS without previous knowledge of the driving cycle Performed on a drive circuit located in PANHARD at Saint-Germain Laval, Loire, France From January to Mars /24

21 Driving Validation 21/24

22 Driving Validation 5 x [W] Power Distribution Batteries Reference UCS FCS Lap time [s] 6 x [W] Power Distribution Batteriestime [s] Reference UCS FCS Lap time [s] 22/24

23 Conclusion Successful demonstration of a real-scale HEV demonstrator using battery / FCS / UCS and type-2 Fuzzy Logic EMS Most powerful FCS implemented in a real vehicle to date! Field Validation of an EMS based on type-2 FL is a world premiere! A complete research and development approach was carried out Vehicle model & EMS Simulation Static validation of the sources Driving session The ECCE2 projects highlights the great potential of a private/public partnership High performance of the EMS : The power split is properly done by the EMS minimizing the contribution of the battery pack The FCS successfully regulates the SOC of the storage sources. A fuzzy logic controller designed from human expertise. The UCS acts as high dynamic high efficiency source It SOC is properly regulated by considering the vehicle speed 23/24

24 Conclusion Perspectives : EMS for all the different configurations of ECCE Degraded operation EMS Optimisation of H2 consumption GPS based EMS (predictive forecasting) Acknowledgement : This work was sponsored by DGA within the framework of the ECCE2 project. The partners are FEMTO-ST/ENERGY Department (University of Franche-Comte), Panhard General Defense, and Hélion. 24/24