ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF A WIND POWERED REVERSE OSMOSIS DESALINATION SYSTEM IN TAN-TAN, MOROCCO

Transcription

1 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF A WIND POWERED REVERSE OSMOSIS DESALINATION SYSTEM IN TAN-TAN, MOROCCO Driss Zejli Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CNRST) CNRST Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique TEER Unité des Technologies et Économie des Énergies Renouvelables

2 Renewable energies: in order that the progress better serve the future of humanity From unsustainable addiction on fossil fuels to a new infatuation with renewable energy?

3 The Moroccan Solar and Wind Projects W The Moroccan Solar and wind Projects MW

4 Energy Water Nexus Hydraulic Energy Desalination Barrage de Katsé (B. Tardieu. GID Enjeux et défis de l énergie, 22 Novembre Rabat, Maroc ) Water

5 N O R T H A F R I C A 11,540 km Coastline length High Renewable Energy Potential Neither water nor energy should be scare

6 Renewable energy powered desalination Renewable Energy Sources Indirect processes Direct processes Electricity Heat Heat (Wind energy & solar energy) (Solar energy) (Solar energy) Reverse osmosis Vapour compression Electrodialysis MED MSF TVC HD MD Solar stills (Water production : 3-5 l/m 2.d)

7 R&D IN THE FIELD OF RENEWABLE ENERGY DRIVEN DESALINATION SYSTEMS IN MOROCCO Solar Thermal Desalination

8 Basic Solar Stills Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II École Mohammadia d Ingénieurs ( ) ( ) The production: less than 5 litres/m 2.d

9 Basic Solar Stills Heat consumption in solar still ~1.5 kwh/litre 0.7 kwh/litre 0.8 kwh/litre Evaporation heat Heat losses For a daily global irradiation of kwh/m 2 on an horizontal surface (South of Morocco) Production : 3-5 litres/m 2.d

10 Solar Stills Improvements Solar stills with the recovery of the condensation latent heat into the water heating liq 1 kg 500 kcal/kg vap 5 kg 20 C 100 C Recovered heat: 20%

11 Solar Stills Improvements Examples of realization Faculté des Sciences - Agadir ( ) The production: less than 7 litres/m 2.d

12 Solar Stills Improvements Solar stills with the recovery of the condensation latent heat into the water evaporation Multi-Effect Solar Still DIFICAP (ENCIC Nancy) Un. Sc. Tech. Houari Boumediene (Algeria) Ecole Nationale d Ingénieurs-Gabes (Tunisia) Ecole Supérieure de Technologie- Casablanca (Morocco) Research Centre on Solar Energy (Libya) The production: less than 20 litres/m 2.d

13 Solar Stills Improvements Hybrid Fossil/Solar Heated Multi-Effect-Still in colaboration with the Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research (ZSW Germany) and the support of the Middle East Desalination Research Centre (MEDRC) ( ) brine storage brine overflow 20 C solar collector boiler 80 C 100 C 40 C Distillate storage concentrated brine From sea The production: less than 20 litres/m 2.d

14 Adsorption desalination Design by TEER of an adsorption desalination system (2000) Total distillate water production per cycle Energy consumption 0.4 l/kg zeolite kwh (th) /m 3

15 Adsorption desalination Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, Daily Production : litres/kg Silica gel (Source: Xiaolin Wang, Kim Choon Ng, Applied Thermal Engineering 25 (2005) )

16 PV Driven Electric Desalination Systems

17 ADIRA Project in Morocco Ait Bensaine Ouelad Elboukhari Ounzar RO unit (l/h) PV Generator (W c ) (Source : A. Outzourhit, 2009) Batteries (Ah)

18 Wind/PV hybrid desalination system

19 An optimization model for a mechanical vapor compression desalination plant driven by a wind/pv hybrid system

20 An optimization model for a mechanical vapor compression desalination plant driven by a wind/pv hybrid system Applied Energy 88 (2011)

21 Wind Driven Desalination systems

22 Wind energy Croissance de l industrie éolienne locale en Chine The installed capacity in 2009 increased by 31.7%, the highest rate since The trend is towards a capacity doubling every three years. A total capacity of about 240,000 MW was achieved in the end 0f The wind industry employs 550,000 people worldwide. In 2012, the number of jobs could have reached 1 million worldwide.

23 Development of wind energy in Morocco Wind energy Main projects Cities Installed power (MW) Tetouan Tanger 140 Essaouira 60 (Total : 286 MW) Distribution of the mean annual wind speed at 9 m above the ground (m/s) (Source :

24 Wind powered desalination Best choice of the windy site Wind powered desalination Water shortage Competitiveness of wind technology

25 Wind powered desalination configuration of the Tan-Tan plant project (Data source: M. Enzili (2008))

26 Wind Turbines High values of wind speed Desalination processes Grid

27 Wind Turbines Low values of wind speed Desalination processes Grid

28 k i 1 k i i w c v exp c v c k ) (v f The Weibull distribution Statistical wind analysis for energy output estimation of the wind park

29 s 5.18m / ) p(v v v i n i i m s 2.48m/ v v ) p(v n i m i i Low windy region Mean annual wind speed (vm) and standard deviation (s) calculations

30 Determination of the Weibull parameters k V m k= 2.23 c V m 1 1 k c= 5.86 m/s Wind speed frequencies comparison between Weibull function prediction and the wind data in Tan-Tan (measured at 9 m above the ground)

31 Estimation of the wind energy output of the wind turbine Height (z) in m Calculation c c 2 1 z z Measurement Measurement

32 Estimation of the wind energy output of the wind turbine Non-dimensional power curves for two selected wind turbines: Gamesa G52 and Enercon E48 Technical Characteristics of GAMESA G52 and ENERCON E48

33 E out n i f w (v i )P (v i i )T Estimation of the wind energy output of the wind turbine The Probability distribution of wind speed at 40 m above the ground and the non-dimensional power curve used for energy output estimation

34 Estimation of the wind energy output of the wind turbine The annual energy output distribution of the wind park at 40 m above the ground (GWh/MW) and the yearly cumulative energy production (GWh/MW) E=2.308 GWh/MW CF=26% The Probability distribution of wind speed at 40 m above the ground and the non-dimensional Gamesa G52 power curve used for energy output estimation

35 LWC n t0 I n t t 1 r t0 M t 1 r W E t t t Economic analysis Technical characteristics, investment and the O&M costs of the Wind Powered Reverse Osmosis installation Investment costs ( /kw) ( /m 3 /d)

36 Economic analysis wind-grid configuration grid-only configuration LWC=0.84 LWC=0.82

37 CONCLUSION Economically; wind powered desalination could not be suitable for Tan-Tan 5 m/s<v m <6 m/s For making wind-powered desalination system more competitive, it is necessary to reduce the wind turbine investments and increase the wind turbines Capacity Factor by looking for more favorable sites

38 CONCLUSION Cities Installed capacity (MW) Capacity Factor (CF) Tetouan Tanger 140 Essaouira 60 48% - 43% 38% Tan-Tan 26%

39 General Conclusion To move from pilot plant level to viable commercial renewable desalination projects, these should benefit at least from the same incentives provided to encourage the renewable power sector

40 Thank you to all of you