Experimental Results of Underground Coal Gasification of Turkish Lignite in an Ex-Situ Reactor Prof. Dr. Mesut Gür

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1 Experimental Results of Underground Coal Gasification of Turkish Lignite in an Ex-Situ Reactor Prof. Dr. Mesut Gür Istanbul Technical University (ITU) Mechanical Engineering Mesut Gür 1, Nurdil Eskin 1, Hasancan Okutan 2, Ahmet Arısoy 1, Erhan Böke 1, Ünal Altıntaş 1, Ahmet Yıldız 1, Oğuz Büyükşirin 1, Olgu Yıldırım 1, E. Deniz Canbaz 1 1 Istanbul Technical University Mechanical Engineering Department Istanbul, Turkey, 2 Istanbul Technical University Chemical Engineering Department Istanbul, Turkey (Presenter): mesutgur@itu.edu.tr faculty of mechanical engineering 1

2 Scope of the presentation 1. Introduction and Purpose 2. Experimental Setup and Plan 3. Experimental Results 4. Discussions and Comparison of Experimental Results with Literature 5. Conclusions 2

3 Introduction and purpose The work presented in this paper has been performed in the frame of Development of Underground Coal Gasification Technology For Turkish Lignites project and supported by TURKISH -TUBITAK-ARDEB under the contract number 113M038. Methodology of project: Conduction of UCG experiments with Turkish lignite seams from different lignite basins in a ex situ reactor for the simulation of the UCG process, Development of a UCG mathematical model, Additional cost analysis and feasibility of the UCG process will be performed. 3

4 Coal reserves in Europe

5 Coal production in Europe

6 Lignite basins in turkey Sample Lignite taken from this location 6

7 . Lignite Seam from Malkara Pirinççeşme The lignite samples were provided from the lignite opencast mining by the company Uysal Mining LTD 7

8 Turkish lignite basins suitable for UCG Region Kütahya- Seyitömer Çobanköy Kütahya- Tunçbilek (Ömerler) Muğla- Yatağan Eskihisar Bolu- Göynük Himmetoğlu Bursa- Keles Harmanalan Tekirdağ- Saray Edirköy Tekirdağ- Malkara Pirinççeşme Coal Rank Lignite Lignite Lignite Lignite Lignite Lignite Lignite Visible Reserve (MTonne) Moisture % Ash % Sulphur % Fixed Carbon % Volatiles % Coal Melting Point ( o C) Coking Characteristic Black, in Dust Form Black, in Dust Form Black, in Dust Form Black, in Dust Form Black, in Dust Form Black, in Dust Form Black, in Dust Form LHV (kcal/kg) Seam Depth (m) Min. Mostra Mostra Mostra Mostra Mostra 5.0 Genel Max Seam Width (m) Minimum Average ,28 Maximum Coal Spread Area (km 2 ) Altitude (m)

9 . Lignite Seam from Malkara Pirinççeşme 9

10 Underground coal gasification technology COAL Gasification Agents Lignite Subbituminous Coal Bituminous Coal Air Oxygen Oxygen Enriched Air Water Vapor UCG Ash, Tar Products CO CO H2 CO2 H2O CH4 N2 SYNGAS 10

11 Significant UCG parameters to improve the quality of syngas The composition of the product gas and its calorific value depends on 1. gasification agents, 2. temperature, 3. pressure 4. hydrodynamic condition of process 11

12 Analysis of the Malkara lignite Approximate Analysis (%) Heating Value [kcal/kg] Analysis Type Original Sample Dry in Air Dry Sample Standard Moisture 25,17 15,27 - Ash 17,95 20,33 23,99 Volatile Matter 28,74 32,55 38,41 ASTM D ASTM D ASTM D Low Heating Value ASTM D-5865 High Heating Value ASTM D-5865 Unit In Dry Sample Standard C (Carbon) % mass. 57,02 ASTM D H (Hydrgoen) % mass. 3,99 ASTM D N (Nitrogen) % mass. 1,44 ASTM D S (Sulphur) % mass. 5,41 ASTM D Ash % mass. 23,99 ASTM D Oxygen % mass. 8,15 ASTM D Sulphate Sulphur: % Pyritic Sulphur: % Total Sulphur: % 5.41 Organic Sulphur: %

13 Experimental setup Reactor was designed and constructed to simulate in a ex situ conditions of coal seam. 13

14 Ex situ reactors for experiments Reactor Dimensions: 0,65 x 1,01 x 2,07m Outer Shell Material: St37 Sheet, Thickness: 5 mm Refractor Material: Hycast 85 Refractor Concrete Refractor Thickness: 105 mm Small Reactor Dimensions: 0,65 x 0,67 x 0,815m 14

15 Thermocouple location on ex situ reactor ITU 15

16 experimental setup: Syn-gas measurement analyzer Gas composition was continuously monitored with A)Gas Chromatography Agilent 7890B B) MRU Syngas Analyzer - Varioplus Syngas 16

17 Coal seam placed in the ex situ reactor 17

18 Coal seam after experiments (cavity) 18

19 results: experiment parameters and test procedure 19

20 Results: Temperature in the coal seam 20

21 Results: Temperature in the coal seam 21

22 Results: Temperature in the gasification channel 22

23 Results: Temperature in the seam and reactor outlet 23

24 Results: Flow rates and heat value of syngas 24

25 Results: composition of gaseous product mixture 25

26 Results: composition of syngas 26

27 Results: composition of gaseous product mixture during the experiment 27

28 Results: Comparison of experiments with literature 28

29 Results: Comparison of experiments with literature Stanczyk etc. lignite sample Our lignite sample Original Sample Dry in Air Dry Sample Moisture 25,17 15,27 - Approximate Analysis Ash 17,95 20,33 23,99 Volatile Matter Fixed Carbon 28,74 32,55 38,41 28,14 31,86 37,60 29

30 Conclusion and outlook High moisture content of Turkish Malkara Pirinççeşme lignite seems to be very suitable for underground gasification UCG, On average, 20-35% of Carbon monoxide, 20-35% of hydrogen and 2-3% of methane gases are produced with oxygen, steam and oxygen/steam mixture gasification steps. Produced syngas heat value lies in the range of 5-11 MJ /m 3 The average gas production rate was m 3 As expected, the hydrogen content of syngas is increased significantly in the steam gasification step. Underground gasification (UCG) availability for Turkish Malkara Pirinççeşme coal was analyzed by experiments. Further studies were planned by using coal samples with different characteristics from different locations. In addition to the experimental aspects of this study, mathematical modeling will be developed in subsequent studies. 30

31 Thank you for your attention Acknowledgements The work presented in this paper has been performed in the frame of Development of Underground Coal Gasification Technology For Turkish Lignite project and supported by TURKEY -TUBİTAK-ARDEB under the contract number 113M

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