El Salvador Tax Guide

Transcription

1 El Salvador Tax Guide 2013

2 foreword A country s tax regime is always a key factor for any business considering moving into new markets. What is the corporate tax rate? Are there any incentives for overseas businesses? Are there double tax treaties in place? How will foreign source income be taxed? Foreword Since 1994, the PKF network of independent member firms, administered by PKF International Limited, has produced the PKF Worldwide Tax Guide (WWTG) to provide international businesses with the answers to these key tax questions. This handy reference guide provides clients and professional practitioners with comprehensive tax and business information for over 90 countries throughout the world. As you will appreciate, the production of the WWTG is a huge team effort and I would like to thank all tax experts within PFK member firms who gave up their time to contribute the vital information on their country s taxes that forms the heart of this publication. I hope that the combination of the WWTG and assistance from your local PKF member firm will provide you with the advice you need to make the right decisions for your international business. Richard Sackin Chairman, PKF International Tax Committee Eisner Amper LLP richard.sackin@eisneramper.com I

3 important disclaimer Disclaimer This publication should not be regarded as offering a complete explanation of the taxation matters that are contained within this publication. This publication has been sold or distributed on the express terms and understanding that the publishers and the authors are not responsible for the results of any actions which are undertaken on the basis of the information which is contained within this publication, nor for any error in, or omission from, this publication. The publishers and the authors expressly disclaim all and any liability and responsibility to any person, entity or corporation who acts or fails to act as a consequence of any reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this publication. Accordingly no person, entity or corporation should act or rely upon any matter or information as contained or implied within this publication without first obtaining advice from an appropriately qualified professional person or firm of advisors, and ensuring that such advice specifically relates to their particular circumstances. PKF International is a network of legally independent member firms administered by PKF International Limited (PKFI). Neither PKFI nor the member firms of the network generally accept any responsibility or liability for the actions or inactions on the part of any individual member firm or firms. II

4 Preface The (WWTG) is an annual publication that provides an overview of the taxation and business regulation regimes of the world s most significant trading countries. In compiling this publication, member firms of the PKF network have based their summaries on information current on 1 January 2013, while also noting imminent changes where necessary. On a country-by-country basis, each summary addresses the major taxes applicable to business; how taxable income is determined; sundry other related taxation and business issues; and the country s personal tax regime. The final section of each country summary sets out the Double Tax Treaty and Non-Treaty rates of tax withholding relating to the payment of dividends, interest, royalties and other related payments. While the WWTG should not to be regarded as offering a complete explanation of the taxation issues in each country, we hope readers will use the publication as their first point of reference and then use the services of their local PKF member firm to provide specific information and advice. Preface In addition to the printed version of the WWTG, individual country taxation guides are available in PDF format which can be downloaded from the PKF website at PKF INTERNATIONAL LIMITED MAY 2013 PKF INTERNATIONAL LIMITED ALL RIGHTS RESERVED USE APPROVED WITH ATTRIBUTION III

5 About PKF International Limited PKF International Limited (PKFI) administers the PKF network of legally independent member firms. There are around 300 member firms and correspondents in 440 locations in around 125 countries providing accounting and business advisory services. PKFI member firms employ around 2,270 partners and more than 22,000 staff. PKFI is the 11th largest global accountancy network and its member firms have $2.68 billion aggregate fee income (year end June 2012). The network is a member of the Forum of Firms, an organisation dedicated to consistent and high quality standards of financial reporting and auditing practices worldwide. Services provided by member firms include: Introduction Assurance & Advisory Insolvency Corporate & Personal Financial Planning/Wealth management Taxation Corporate Finance Forensic Accounting Management Consultancy Hotel Consultancy IT Consultancy PKF member firms are organised into five geographical regions covering Africa; Latin America; Asia Pacific; Europe, the Middle East & India (EMEI); and North America & the Caribbean. Each region elects representatives to the board of PKF International Limited which administers the network. While the member firms remain separate and independent, international tax, corporate finance, professional standards, audit, hotel consultancy and business development committees work together to improve quality standards, develop initiatives and share knowledge and best practice cross the network. Please visit for more information. IV

6 Structure of Country Descriptions A. TAXES PAYABLE FEDERAL TAXES AND LEVIES COMPANY TAX CAPITAL GAINS TAX BRANCH PROFITS TAX SALES TAX/VALUE ADDED TAX FRINGE BENEFITS TAX LOCAL TAXES OTHER TAXES B. DETERMINATION OF TAXABLE INCOME CAPITAL ALLOWANCES DEPRECIATION STOCK/INVENTORY CAPITAL GAINS AND LOSSES DIVIDENDS INTEREST DEDUCTIONS LOSSES FOREIGN SOURCED INCOME INCENTIVES Structure C. FOREIGN TAX RELIEF D. CORPORATE GROUPS E. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS F. WITHHOLDING TAX G. EXCHANGE CONTROL H. PERSONAL TAX I. TREATY AND NON-TREATY WITHHOLDING TAX RATES V

7 INTERNATIONAL TIME ZONES Time Zones At 12 noon, Greenwich Mean Time, the standard time elsewhere is: A Algeria pm Angola pm Argentina am Australia - Melbourne pm Sydney pm Adelaide pm Perth pm Austria pm B Bahamas am Bahrain pm Belgium pm Belize am Bermuda am Brazil am British Virgin Islands am Guernsey noon Guyana am H Hong Kong pm Hungary pm I India pm Indonesia pm Ireland noon Isle of Man noon Israel pm Italy pm J Jamaica am Japan pm Jordan pm C Canada - Toronto am Winnipeg am Calgary am Vancouver am Cayman Islands am Chile am China - Beijing pm Colombia am Cyprus pm Czech Republic pm D Denmark pm Dominican Republic am E Ecuador am Egypt pm El Salvador am Estonia pm F Fiji midnight Finland pm France pm G Gambia (The) noon Germany pm Ghana noon Greece pm Grenada am Guatemala am VI K Kenya pm L Latvia pm Lebanon pm Luxembourg pm M Malaysia pm Malta pm Mexico am Morocco noon N Namibia pm Netherlands (The) pm New Zealand midnight Nigeria pm Norway pm O Oman pm P Panama am Papua New Guinea pm Peru am Philippines pm Poland pm Portugal pm Q Qatar am R Romania pm

8 Russia - Moscow pm St Petersburg pm S Singapore pm Slovak Republic pm Slovenia pm South Africa pm Spain pm Sweden pm Switzerland pm T Taiwan pm Thailand pm Tunisia noon Turkey pm Turks and Caicos Islands am U Uganda pm Ukraine pm United Arab Emirates pm United Kingdom (GMT) 12 noon United States of America - New York City am Washington, D.C am Chicago am Houston am Denver am Los Angeles am San Francisco am Uruguay am Time Zones V Venezuela am Z Zimbabwe pm VII

9 El Salvador El Salvador Currency: US Dollars Dial Code To: 503 Dial Code Out: 00 ($) Member Firm: City: Name: Contact Information: San Salvador Horacio A Castellanos Ch. ha.castellanos@pkfelsalvador.com A. TAXES PAYABLE COMPANY INCOME TAX El Salvador s income tax law affects annual revenue from business activities conducted in El Salvador when any of the causes of such revenue occur within the national territory. Income Tax - A tax rate of 25% is applied to the net profit for companies that sell up to US$150, For all others is 30%. If the company sells more than US150,000,00, a comparison will be done between 30% of profit or 1% of revenue. The one that results in the highest will be paid. The 1% calculation does not apply if the gross profit margin is less than 2% of sales. If the company has losses for two consecutive periods, the company has to pay income tax of 1% of revenue. A corporation is required to prepay its estimated tax liability on a monthly basis of 1.75% of gross revenue. This is deducted as credit in the annual income tax return. Corporate tax returns are due by the end of the fourth month following the end of the fiscal year. An extension of six months may be granted if requested for the payment only. The fiscal year of companies corresponds to the calendar year. CAPITAL GAINS TAX The tax involved is a 10% income tax on the net profit. The 10% income tax is calculated on the net profit of the transaction. Net profit is calculated by deducting the cost of the property plus any related expenses from the sales price. Income from the sale of securities is taxable as follows: the buyer will withhold 10% of the profit and remit it to the Tax Department. BRANCH PROFITS TAX Branches of foreign companies are subject to the same tax rates as Salvadoran companies. SALES TAX/VALUE ADDED TAX (VAT) Services and goods are subject to a 13% value added tax. The following items are exempt from VAT: Public health, home rentals, education, state titles, public water, public transportation, pension funds and public lottery. Note: the government will assess if the 13% is increased in AD VALOREM/ SPECIFIC TAXES Two taxes are paid for alcoholic beverages: Ad Valorem taxes at a 5% tax rate A specific tax on the alcoholic grade per litre ranging from 0.04 to 0.16 cents. Cigarettes pay a specific tax of $ per cigarette. LOCAL TAXES El Salvador s income tax law affects the whole national territory equally. OTHER TAXES Other taxes that are applicable in their various manifestations include: Municipal Office Taxes: Taxes are paid according to a table and total assets. There are different tables for every city in El Salvador. In San Salvador, the table varies depending if the company is industrial, commercial or other. National Registration Tax: All industrial or commercial businesses are required to have an annual licence to operate. This tax is paid according to the total assets and according to the following rates: 1

10 El Salvador From $ 2, to $ 57, pays $ From $ 57, to $114, pays $ From $114, to $228, pays $ If the asset is more than $228,572.00, $11.43 will be added for every $100, dollars, up to a limit of $11, dollars. Social Security Tax: These are payments that are made monthly by employers and employees on the payroll of companies for the purpose of guaranteeing the functioning of the worker social security system benefits at the national level. The table is as follows: Company 7.50% of salary Employee 3.00% of salary Maximum salary of $ per employee. Social Security has a special education tax called INSAFORP which is 1% of the total amount that the company pays (this applies to companies with more than 10 employees). Pension Tax: These are payments that are made monthly by employers and employees on the payroll of companies for the purpose of guaranteeing the functioning of the employee pension system and retirement benefits at the national level. The table is as follows: Company 6.75% of salary Employee 6.25% of salary Maximum salary of $5, per employee. B. DETERMINATION OF TAXABLE INCOME The net taxable income of a corporation or partnership is determined by subtracting all allowable deductions from gross taxable income. Generally, expenditures and/or losses are deductible provided they are incurred in gaining or producing taxable income, or preserving the source of income. Special rules apply in respect of certain expenditures. DEPRECIATION Depreciation is normally calculated by the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. STOCKS/INVENTORY The Income Tax regulations only allow the use average-cost method according to the normal course of operations. No other method is allowed. DIVIDENDS Dividends pay 5% of income tax. If the stockholder is located in a country of low or null tax tributes (fiscal paradises), the dividends will pay 25% income tax. Dividends for profits earned before 2011 are exempt. Decrease in stockholder s equity pays 5% of income tax, if the equity originated from capitalisation of profits. INTEREST INCOME Banks will withhold 10% income tax on interest income. Loans given by local companies to its stockholders, related parties, headquarters, or residents/companies located in fiscal paradises are subject to a 5% income tax withholding. INTEREST EXPENSE If a loan is made to a Salvadoran company by a foreign bank that was registered by the Central Bank of El Salvador before 2009, the interest expense is exempt from income tax. If the foreign bank is registered by the Central Bank from 2010 onwards, a 10% income tax will be withheld. If the loan is made by a foreign company or a bank that is not registered by the Central Bank, income tax will be withheld at the rate of 20%. LOSSES Losses incurred in any given year can be taken as a valid deduction only for the current year. There is no carry forward of losses. 2

11 El Salvador SOURCE OF THE INCOME Foreign sourced income is not subject to income tax. Only income earned in the territory of El Salvador is subject to El Salvador income tax. Interest income and gains on market values are the exception. Foreign sourced income is not subject to VAT tax. Income received by persons or companies domiciled outside El Salvador will be considered as being from an El Salvadoran source if it arises from services or actions that benefit persons or companies located in El Salvador, including fees, interests and royalties. INCENTIVES The following incentives are available to these qualifying industries and corporations: Companies operating in a Free Zone are tax-exempt on profit derived from sales from Free Zone to foreign countries. Dividends paid to stockholders of companies located in Free Zones pay 5%. If the stockholder is located in a country of low or null tax tributes (fiscal paradises), the dividends will pay 25%. E. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS The government is entitled to determine differences between related party transactions, and a transaction done by independent parties. If a difference is detected, this would not be deductible for income tax purposes and a 25% tax would be paid on the difference. F. WITHHOLDING TAX Services (not in payroll) and fees paid to local individuals are subject to a 10% withholding income tax. Services and fees paid to foreign corporations for work done in El Salvador are subject to a 20% income tax withholding rate. Services and fees paid or accrued to non-resident individuals for work done in El Salvador are subject to income tax withholding at a 20% flat rate. Interest, commissions, royalties or technical assistance fees paid to foreign recipients are subject to a 20% withholding tax. Any payment done to non-resident individuals or non-resident companies located in fiscal paradises is subject to a 25% withholding tax. A list of fiscal paradises may be seen in the Tax Ministry web page: H. PERSONAL TAX a) The monthly withholding income tax rates set out below are applicable to any individuals included in payroll for permanent service: Taxable Monthly Income (in US Dollars) From To Tax withheld Exempt $17.48 plus 10% over $ $32.70 plus 10% over $ , $60.00 plus 20% over $ , Over $ plus 30% over $2, b) The annual income tax rates set out below are applicable to any individuals included in payroll for permanent service: Taxable Annual Income (in US Dollars) From To Tax payable , Exempt 4, , $ plus 10% over $4,

12 El Salvador 9, , $ plus 20% over $9, , over $3, plus 30% over $22, I. TREATY AND NON-TREATY WITHHOLDING TAX RATES El Salvador has a Free Commerce Treaty with the USA, Chile, Mexico and the Dominican Republic. 4

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