28 Exploring Redi s Experiment

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1 28 Exploring Redi s Experiment Prentice-Hall, Inc. One jar was left uncovered. The second jar was covered. SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Life Science Maggots appeared on the meat in the open jar. Redi concluded that meat did not produce maggots.

2 29 Exploring Pasteur s Experiment Prentice-Hall, Inc. Pasteur boiled the broth in one flask only. SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Life Science Bacteria grew in the unboiled broth but not in the boiled broth. When the boiled broth was exposed to air, bacteria grew. Pasteur concluded that bacteria do not spontaneously arise from broth.

3 30 Seven Levels of Classification Kingdom Animalia Prentice-Hall, Inc. Phylum Chordata Class Aves SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Life Science Order Strigiformes Family Strygidae Genus Bubo Species Bubo virginianus

4 31 How a Virus Attaches to a Host Cell

5 32 Exploring How Active Viruses Multiply A virus attaches to a bacterium. The bacterium bursts open, releasing new viruses. The virus injects its genetic material. The bacterium starts to produce the virus s proteins and genetic material. New viruses assemble.

6 33 Exploring How Hidden Viruses Multiply A virus attaches to a bacterium. The bacterium bursts open and releases the new viruses. New viruses assemble. The virus injects its genetic material. The virus s genetic material becomes a part of the genetic material of the bacterium. The virus s genetic material becomes active.

7 34 The Structure of a Bacterial Cell Genetic material Cytoplasm Ribosome Cell membrane Flagellum Cell wall

8 35 Exploring Protozoans Ameba Pseudopod Cytoplasm Nucleus Contractile vacuole Cell membrane Food vacuole

9 36 Exploring Protozoans Paramecium Contractile vacuoles Cytoplasm Anal pore Cilia Food vacuole Oral groove Large nucleus Small nucleus Pellicle

10 37 The Structure of a Euglena Eyespot Contractile vacuole Chloroplast Flagellum Pellicle Nucleus

11 38 The Structure of a Mushroom Cap Prentice-Hall, Inc. Stalk Gills SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Life Science Hyphae Underground hyphae

12 39 A Plant Cell SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Life Science Prentice-Hall, Inc.

13 40 The Life Cycle of Plants Fertilization produces a zygote Produces sperm cells Sporophyte Sperm cell Produces egg cells Gametophyte Egg cells Gametophyte Produces spores

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15 42 The Structure of Seeds Corn Bean Pine Stored food Seed coat Seed coat Embryo Seed coat Cotyledon Cotyledon Embryo Cotyledon (stores food) Stored food Embryo

16 43 Exploring a Leaf Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper leaf cells Cuticle Surface cells Chloroplasts SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Life Science Lower leaf cells Stomata Vein Xylem Phloem

17 44 The Parts of a Woody Stem Pith Heartwood Outer bark Xylem Sapwood Inner bark or phloem Cambium Bark

18 45 Exploring the Life Cycle of a Gymnosperm A pine tree produces male and female cones. Female cones contain ovules. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Scale on female cone Male cones produce pollen. Ovule SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Life Science Embryo Scale on male cone A seed grows into a seedling. A seed develops. Fertilization occurs. Pollination occurs. An egg forms in an ovule.

19 46 The Structure of a Flower

20 47 Exploring the Life Cycle of an Angiosperm The angiosperm produces flowers. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Anther Ovary An egg cell is produced in each ovule. Ovule SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Life Science A seed grows into a new plant. A fruit encloses the seeds. Embryo The anther produces pollen. Pollination occurs. Sperm cells Pollen tube A seed develops. Fertilization occurs.

21 48 Animal Classification Tree SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Life Science Prentice-Hall, Inc.

22 49 Exploring a Sponge Osculum Prentice-Hall, Inc. Collar Cell Pore Spikes SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Life Science Jellylike Cells

23 50 Exploring the Life Cycle of a Dog Tapeworm Dog eats infected rabbit. Tapeworm enters dog s digestive tract. Hooks Sucker Tapeworm attaches to intestine. Rabbit eats tapeworm eggs.

24 51 Earthworm Anatomy

25 52 Exploring a Snail Heart Mantle Tentacle Shell Eye Foot Stomach Mouth Radula

26 53 Exploring a Crayfish Prentice-Hall, Inc. Tail Swimmeret Walking Leg Large Antenna SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Life Science Compound Eye Cheliped Small Antenna

27 54 Grasshopper Anatomy Abdomen Thorax Head Wing Antenna Simple eye Compound eye

28 55 Exploring Insect Metamorphosis Adult male firefly Prentice-Hall, Inc. COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS Egg Adult Larva SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Life Science Adult male grasshopper Egg Pupa GRADUAL METAMORPHOSIS Nymph Adult Larger Nymph

29 56 Exploring a Sea Star Tube Feet Stomach Spines Opening for Water Water Vascular System Eyespot

30 57 Vertebrate Evolution

31 58 Exploring a Bony Fish Gill Cover Fins for Balance Gills Heart Lateral Line Stomach Anus Tail Fin Swim Bladder Scales

32 59 Frog Metamorphosis Adult frog Front legs develop Fertilized eggs Hind legs develop Legless tadpole

33 60 Exploring a Frog Eyes Mouth Lungs Skin Ears Kidney Heart Stomach Hind Legs

34 61 A Reptile Egg Albumen (egg white) Embryo Membrane Shell Air space Yolk Membranes

35 62 Exploring a Lizard Prentice-Hall, Inc. Crest Nostrils Eyes Dewlap Heart Kidney SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Life Science Skin Claws Tail

36 63 Circulation in Fishes, Amphibians, and Birds Fish Amphibian Bird

37 64 Exploring a Bird Air Sacs Bill Contour Feathers Crop Heart Gizzard

38 SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Life Science 65 Bird Flight Prentice-Hall, Inc.