BSc Honours Biomedical Sciences with Medical Microbiology (BC95) Module Outlines.
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1 BSc Honours Biomedical Sciences with Medical Microbiology (BC95) Module Outlines
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS First Year Modules Year 1, Semester 1 BGM1002 Biochemistry 04 BGM1004 Genetics 04 CMB1004 Cell biology 05 CMB1005 Practical skills in biomedical and biomolecular sciences 1 05 First Year Modules Year 1, Semester 2 CMB1003 Microbiology and immunology 07 PED1003 Pharmacology 07 PSC1002 Physiology 08 CMB1006 Practical skills in biomedical and biomolecular sciences 2 08 Second Year Modules Year 2, Semester 1 CMB2002 Cell and molecular biosciences 10 CMB2003 Molecular medicine 10 CMB2004 Cell and molecular biology of the immune system 11 CMB2005 Practical skills in biomedical and biomolecular sciences 3 11 First Year Modules Semester 1 Year 1 Second Year Modules Year 2, Semester 2 MIC2025 Bacterial interactions with human hosts and the immune system in human disease 13 MIC2026 Microbial cell biology 13 MIC2027 Parasitic and viral diseases 14 MIC2028 Practical skills in microbiology and immunology 14 Third Year Modules Year 3, Semester 1 MIC3045 Immune recognition 16 MIC3046 Microbiota and pathogens, mucosal microbiota, protozoa and fungi 16 MIC3047 Bacterial pathogenicity and disease 17 MIC3043 Research in medical microbiology and immunology 18 BMS3003 Business for the Bioscientist 18 BMS3015 Healthcare organisation and practice 19 BMS3016 Science communication 19 Third Year Modules Year 3, Semester 2 MIC3044 Integrated microbiology and immunology 21 CMB3000 Research Project 22 CMB3001 Experimental design and the process of research 22 Please note: The modules listed in this booklet are revised on a regular basis and may be subject to change. 2 3
3 BIOCHEMISTRY BGM1002 / 15 credits This module aims to introduce the molecular basis of cellular processes and the principles that underlie many biological events. Consideration is given to the implications in relation to health and disease. The series of lectures describes the structure of proteins and their building blocks, the amino acids. Proteins are considered in relation to diseases such as BSE ( mad cow disease), cancer and Alzheimer s disease. The role of proteins as enzymes is also discussed. The course then moves on to look at the molecules that contain the secrets of life itself, the nucleic acids, and at how the expression of genes is regulated. An understanding of metabolism is crucial to make sense of health and disease and students learn about the fate of the various nutrients within the body. We look at how glucose metabolism is controlled and what goes wrong in diabetes and how cells produce the energy they need to carry out their various activities. In addition to the lectures the module also includes 4 seminars. In-course test (10%) End of module examination (90%) CELL BIOLOGY CMB1004 / 15 credits This module introduces students to the fundamental principles of cell biology. The module describes the main features of mammalian cells and their implications for cell biology. It considers the properties of biological membranes and their role in cellular function. The lectures also describe the properties of specialised animal cells. Consideration is given to excitable cells. Students will learn how messages are conveyed along nerve cells and how signals pass from the nerve to the muscle to induce contraction. Students are introduced to the biophysical processes essential to cell function. Lectures also cover red blood cells and blood groups. The course moves on to consider the endocrine system and the action of hormones and cell signalling is introduced. The role of various endocrine glands is described: the hypothalamus and pituitary, the thyroid, the adrenals and the pancreas. Consideration is also given to the female reproductive cycle. In addition to the lectures the module includes 3 seminars. In-course test (10%) End of module examination (90%) GENETICS BGM1004 / 15 credits Students will learn about the potential of post-genomic analysis to answer many of the questions that remain about gene function and control. Lectures will describe the molecular and genetic techniques that are being used. The module will also look at specific problems in human genetic diseases, and how these can be diagnosed. Consideration will be given to cytogenetics, and to how genes behave in populations. The course will also describe aspects of biotechnology, and how microorganisms can be used as factories for the production of hormones, vaccines and even human antibodies. Lectures will explore how genetic engineers can produce improved proteins by deliberately introducing changes. In addition to the lectures the module also includes 4 seminars. In-course test (10%) End of module examination (90%) PRACTICAL SKILLS IN BIOMEDICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR SCIENCES 1 CMB1005 / 15 credits This module introduces you to the practical skills essential for studying biomolecular and biomedical sciences. It will also help you to develop a number of important generic skills, including numeracy skills, information literacy and writing skills and essential study skills. The module is divided into four strands: Generic skills (strand A), Biochemistry practical skills (strand B), Cell biology practical skills (strand C), and Genetics practical skills (strand D). Each of the practical skills strands (B, C and D) link closely with the complementary modules, Biochemistry (BGM1002), Cell Biology (CMB1004) and Genetics (BGM1004), which are co-requisites for this module. The generic skills strand provides an opportunity for you to get early feedback on your writing and numeracy skills followed by optional development workshops for further writing and numeracy support. This strand also includes study skills workshops, introducing students to study techniques essential to university life, and an open-book essay to further develop writing skills and good academic practice. In the Biochemistry practical skills strand you will learn how to measure protein concentration by spectrophotometry, how to purify proteins using ion exchange chromatography, how to measure the rate of an enzyme reaction and how to analyse DNA sequence data. In the Cell Biology practical skills strand you will use light microscopes to observe cells, carry out experiments to study the process of osmosis and use computer aided learning packages to explore the mechanisms of nervous impulses and muscle contraction. In the Genetics practical skills strand you will learn how to use the E. coli bacterium to clone DNA and how to use the polymerase chain reaction to analyse the genetic makeup of the nematode worm, C. elegans. You will also use computer aided learning to study genetic linkage in the fruit fly Drosophila. All three practical skills strands will highlight the importance of laboratory health and safety. 4 5
4 First Year Modules Semester 2 Year 1 MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY CMB1003 / 15 credits This module aims to provide an introduction to Microbiology and Immunology. The emphasis is on microbes as infectious agents and the defence systems that have evolved to combat them. The series of lectures introduces the range of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic microorganisms (such as fungi and protozoa). These organisms show enormous diversity in their structures, replication requirements and metabolic processes. We also consider why microbes are important to human kind for numerous reasons: they play a vital role in sustaining life on Earth. They have important applications in a range of industries: e.g. food and drink, agriculture, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals. Some microorganisms cause disease to humans or other animals. Although this is a minority of species, these are of profound importance, as recent epidemics of HIV, SARS, Foot and Mouth Disease and Influenza have shown us. Microorganisms are also being exploited by bioterrorists. The immune system evolved to defend the body against microbial infection. This module also introduces you to the cells and molecules that contribute to these defences, and how they recognise and attack foreign invaders. In addition to the lectures the module also includes 2 seminars. In-course test (10%) End of module examination (90%) PHARMACOLOGY PED1003 / 15 credits This module introduces the subject of Pharmacology, using well-known drugs to illustrate important principles. The series of lectures is designed to provide an understanding of the mechanisms and targets of drug action, and to relate drug action at the cellular level to overall pharmacological and toxicological effects. We will consider the various routes by which drugs can be administered, and the factors that affect the distribution and bioavailability of a drug. The course then moves on to consider drugs that work on the nervous system. This section of the course looks at the treatment of Parkinson s disease and depression, and also considers drugs of abuse including cocaine, ecstasy and marijuana. Finally we look at drugs that act on the endocrine system, including insulin and female hormonal contraceptives. In addition to the lectures the module also includes three case study seminars where you will work in small student groups to solve a pharmacological problem. In-course test (10%) End of module examination (90%) 6 7
5 PHYSIOLOGY PSC1002 / 15 credits This module is concerned with mammalian physiology with special reference to humans. It is the study of body functions, with an emphasis on how organs and tissues work, on control mechanisms, and how the body responds to changes in the environment. The lectures introduce the autonomic nervous system and its involvement in the cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. You will learn about the heart and how it works, and about blood pressure and how it is regulated. The course then moves on to consider how the respiratory system delivers oxygen into the blood and removes carbon dioxide. The nervous system receives sensory inputs and generates output in the form of motor activity. This part of the course explains how the skin and ear transduce input stimuli into neural activity, and how the information is processed in the brain. This is followed by a series of lectures describing the digestive system and how the gastrointestinal tract functions. We then focus on structure and functions of the kidney in the control of body fluid balance. Finally the course looks at exercise physiology, and how cardiovascular and respiratory activities can be altered to meet the demands of exercise. We also consider how unusual environments such as high altitudes change body physiology. In addition to the lectures the module also includes 4 interactive seminars. In-course test (10%) End of module examination (90%) Second Year Modules Semester 1 Year 2 PRACTICAL SKILLS IN BIOMEDICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR SCIENCES 2 CMB1006 / 15 credits This module builds on the practical skills essential to students studying biomolecular and biomedical sciences. It also helps students to develop a number of important generic skills, including numeracy skills, information literacy, writing skills and data handling skills. The module is divided into four strands: Microbiology and Immunology practical skills, Physiology practical skills, Pharmacology practical skills and Generic skills. Each of the practical skills strands links closely with the complementary modules, Microbiology and Immunology (CMB1003), Physiology (PSC1002) and Pharmacology (PED1003), which are co-requisites for this module. In the Microbiology and Immunology practical skills strand students learn how to culture bacteria and test for antibiotic resistance, how to stain and observe bacteria and immune cells under the light microscope, how to measure antibody activity and how to grow and count viruses. In the Physiology practical skills strand students use computer-aided learning packages to study the process of blood coagulation and heart function. They also gain hands-on experience using an electrocardiogram to measure heart activity as well as practical techniques for measuring lung function. In the Pharmacology practical skills strand students learn practical techniques for quantification of drugs in biological fluids and use these techniques to explore the effect of charcoal on drug absorption and the processes affecting drug metabolism. They also measure the different therapeutic and side effect profiles of commonly used bronchodilators. The generic skills strand provides an opportunity for students to develop their ability to locate scientific papers and write a scientific essay, their ability to use Microsoft Excel to manage and analyse scientific data and their ability to deliver an oral presentation on a scientific topic. All three practical skills strands will highlight the importance of laboratory health and safety. 8 9
6 CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES CMB2002 / 20 credits This module presents two topics central to our understanding of life processes: cell signalling and the regulation of gene expression. The Cell Signalling strand aims to develop students knowledge and understanding of some of the most important means by which animal and bacterial cells sense and respond to their environment and how they communicate with each other, including the cellular and molecular mechanisms used to interpret the signals they receive. Lectures will also address the role of cell signalling in human disease. In this section of the course you will also study the control of cell cycle, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and the concept of a stem cell. For cells to function correctly protein must be provided in the correct amount at the right time and in the right place in the cell. This is partly ensured by the mechanisms that control gene expression. The Gene Expression strand will introduce you to the basics of gene structure and transcription in bacteria and eukaryotes, the role of chromatin, promoters, polymerases, operons, transcription factors and the regulation of their interaction with DNA. In addition we will see how regulation of mrna stability and translation can contribute to control of gene expression in eukaryotes. Because ultimately proteins are usually the final gene product, it is not surprising that translation, the last step in protein synthesis, is under precise cellular control. For example, in muscle tissue protein synthesis is regulated by insulin and other hormones. During early development in Drosophila the precise pattern of gene expression is partly determined by regulation of translation of specific factors so that their synthesis is restricted to certain parts of the embryo. Examination (80%) MOLECULAR MEDICINE CMB2003 / 20 credits The biomedical sciences are underpinned by a knowledge base and a range of technologies in cell and molecular biology. This module describes the way in which the molecular information that underpins many developments in the diagnosis and treatment of disease is produced and used. The module contains two strands (1) Approaches to molecular medicine and (2) Cell and membrane transport. The first strand aims to prepare you for a future in the biosciences that will be increasingly built on knowledge gained from the availability of genome sequences. The second part of the module aims to develop your understanding of the molecular structure of cell membranes and of the diverse nature of their transport processes. The transport of ions, molecules and water across cell membranes is a fundamental process that is essential for life. You will also learn how disruption of membrane transport processes, such as occurs in cystic fibrosis and multi-drug resistance, may give rise to serious diseases in humans. Examination (80%) CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM CMB2004 / 10 credits The immune system evolved to protect us against microbial infection. In order to cope with the numerous diverse and rapidly evolving microbes that threaten us, the immune system has developed special features. Firstly, it has a phenomenal repertoire of antigen recognition molecules. The diversity of antibodies and T cell receptors is such that it is extremely difficult for microbes to escape recognition by the specific immune system. Secondly, a specific immune response is mounted only when a particular antigen is present, i.e. it is an adaptive response. The cell biology that leads to this adaptive response involves activation of individual lymphocytes expressing receptors specific for the antigen in question. Thirdly, because of the enormous repertoire of antigen receptors, and the mechanisms used to generate this diversity, there is an ever-present danger that lymphocytes will be produced that can respond to our own body s molecules. Such autoimmune responses are potentially very harmful, and so the immune system has developed ways to eliminate self-reactivity. Fourthly, pathogens differ in their biology and modes of infection. Accordingly the immune system has developed the ability to generate different types of response to cope with the different microbes that we encounter. Central to the fight against infectious disease is the development of drugs that can selectively attack the infectious agent whilst leaving host cell function unaltered. The discovery of antibiotics was a major advance in the fight against infection, however the widespread use of these drugs has allowed the development of resistant organisms that are proving ever more difficult to treat. Malaria and HIV pose two of the biggest threats to human health, but the development of drugs to treat infections caused by eukaryotic organisms and viruses poses particular challenges. In this module we will consider the different types of drugs available and their mechanisms of action. Examination (100%) Practical Skills in Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences 3 CMB2005 / 10 credits The Biomedical Sciences are underpinned by a knowledge base, a range of technologies, and a diverse range of academic and scientific skills. This module will provide students with hands-on experience of a range of laboratory techniques, enabling them to develop skills of working safely and accurately in the laboratory. This module will also provide a basic knowledge of the appropriate statistical ideas and methods to use in the collection, presentation and analysis of bioscientific data, and of the use of statistical software. Students will also learn about informatics (finding the correct information online), bioinformatics (how computers can be used to analyse genomes, genes and gene products), general scientific reading and writing skills (including how to avoid plagiarising), ethics, and drug trial design
7 Second Year Modules Semester 2 Year 2 BACTERIAL INTERACTIONS WITH HUMAN HOSTS AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN HUMAN DISEASE MIC2025 / 15 credits This module covers two main topics: bacterial pathogenesis and the role of the immune system in human disease. In the first strand lectures will cover the different types of bacterial-host interaction and some of the medically important groups of bacteria. We will also consider the processes of adhesion and invasion, and how bacterial pathogens can cause tissue damage. Consideration will also be given to diagnosis of infection. In the second strand we will discuss the role of immunisation in protection against infectious disease and the causes and consequences of immunodeficiency. We will also look at the role of the immune system in non-infectious diseases including allergic disease, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Lectures will cover immune responses in transplantation and in pregnancy, and consider how new therapies are being developed based on our ability to modify immune responses. Examination (80%) MICROBIAL CELL BIOLOGY MIC2026 / 15 credits This module aims to develop students appreciation of the importance of micro-organisms to humankind. There are two main strands to the module: microbial physiology and bacterial genetics including the application to microbial technology. Topics include the relationship between growth and culturability, the metabolic processes that allow micro-organisms to generate energy in different environments and the impact of this physiological diversity on the environment. We will also consider how bacteria have been exploited by the pharmaceutical, environmental, chemical and biotechnological industries and look at the role of microorganisms in cycling nutrients essential for life. Examination (80%) 12 13
8 PARASITIC AND VIRAL DISEASES MIC2027 / 15 credits This module comprises two strands: parasitic infections and viruses of animals and man. In the first strand lectures will cover the biology and pathogenicity of eukaryotic micro-organisms of medical importance. Students will learn about the mechanisms by which eukaryotic parasites cause disease. In the second strand topics include the mechanisms by which animal viruses enter and spread within the body, host defences against viral infection and how viruses can adapt to evade these, the mechanisms by which viruses can cause cancer and approaches to viral chemotherapy and prophylaxis. Examination (80%) PRACTICAL SKILLS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY MIC2028 / 15 credits This module aims to develop students practical skills required for a range of careers in microbiology and immunology. Students will develop skills of experimental design, including identifying and applying the best experimental procedure to test a hypothesis and the interpretation of data in order to inform the design of the next experiment. The module will be based mainly on laboratory classes to allow students to develop and practice particular techniques. The experiments will reflect themes being taught in the other Year 2 semester 2 MIC modules, and so is restricted to students specialising in this subject area. Assessment is based on coursework including practical reports, a practical skills assessment and a data analysis exercise. Third Year Modules Semester 1 Year
9 Immune Recognition MIC3045 / 20 credits This course focuses on key questions relating to the immune system and aims to develop students understanding of these issues up to the forefront of current knowledge. The aim of the module is to provide an up to date review of how the cells of the immune system recognize foreign material and thereby protect us from infectious diseases. A major emphasis throughout the course will be on understanding how experimental research is continuing to contribute to knowledge in this area. The main topics dealt with in this module are: key differences in antigen recognition between B cells and T cells, antigen presentation and antigen presenting cells, the T cell antigen receptor, T cell development, development of the T cell repertoire, peripheral tolerance in T cells, the B cell receptor, B cell development, B cell tolerance, somatic mutation and class switching in B cells, gamma-delta T cells, unconventional alpha-beta T cells, NK cells and NK cell receptors. Written examination (80%) BACTERIAL PATHOGENICITY AND DISEASE MIC3047 / 20 credits This module focuses on bacterial diseases affecting humans. Lectures will concentrate on selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Vibrio cholerae, pathogenic Escherichia coli [enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic], Shigella flexneri, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium and typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) that act as paradigms of simple and complex strategies by which invasive and non-invasive pathogens cause disease. Emphasis is given to current research in this research area and experimental approaches for defining disease mechanisms. relating to independent work researching disease mechanisms of pathogens not covered in the lecture series Written examination (80%) Microbiota and Pathogens: MUCOSAL MICROBIOTA, PROTOZOA AND FUNGI MIC3046 / 20 credits This module will develop students understanding of human-microbial interactions and the basis of microbial diseases and their impact on the population. The module consists of three strands. The first strand deals with mucosal surface organisation, defences and the microbiota they host and will introduce key features of the dynamic interactions between the human mucosa and microbes leading to mutualistic and pathogenic outcomes. The second strand focuses on the molecular cell biology and genomics of eukaryotic parasites of medical importance, including Trypanosoma and selected mucosal pathogens (Giardia, Trichomonas, Microsporidia, Entamoeba and Cryptosporidium). In the third strand we will consider some of the fungal infections of medical significance, their importance in immuno-compromised patients and therapy. Written examination (80%) 16 17
10 One Optional Module from Research in medical Microbiology and Immunology MIC3043 / 10 credits Research takes place in publicly and charity funded research institutes, as well as in privately owned companies. However, the general public are often unaware that a major proportion of the research actually takes place within universities. This module is designed firstly to provide students with an insight into the process of research in the context of an academic environment. Secondly, using a research themed approach, students will learn of the latest cutting-edge knowledge in specialised areas of research. Using this background knowledge, students will be expected to critically assess scientific papers with respect to the experimental systems used and the ways in which the data are interpreted. includes oral presentations and written exercises based on research papers Business for the Bioscientist BMS3003 / 10 credits This module aims to introduce students to enterprise and entrepreneurship in relation to the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical industries. Students will learn about intellectual property rights, sources of finance, marketing and business planning, and hear first-hand from University scientists, young entrepreneurs and industry experts who have been involved in business start-ups. Students will identify and analyse real bioscience or healthcare problems and develop business strategies to solve these. Key skills are developed for graduate industry employability and knowledge of how to become self-employed or work in an SME is also reinforced. Entirely by coursework and consists of a concise written business feasibility plan, an oral pitch presentation and peer assessment. HEALTHCARE ORGANISATION AND PRACTICE BMS3015 / 10 credits This module provides an introduction to health care organisation, practice and policy, presenting an overview of healthcare that emphasises the interplay between science, society, and individuals. Key features of current and future trends in healthcare practice and delivery are identified, described and applied through worked examples to develop students understanding of the various contexts of health care practice nationally and internationally. In-course test Written assignment SCIENCE COMMUNICATION BMS3016 / 10 credits This module is an introduction to the field of science communication. Many students in biomedicine are looking for careers in which they can inform, educate and inspire others about science. This module aims to raise your awareness of science communication as both a skill and a career choice. There are many and varied roles to choose from in this field, involving different working environments, working with different media, and communicating to different audiences. Featuring lectures and workshops hosted by guest speakers working in science communication, you will learn about the range of careers available to you in this challenging field. You will find out how they developed their own careers, and understand the communication skills required and challenges faced when working in different settings. You will also gain some practical experience of different modes of communicating science; a series of Blogs, a written piece for press and an oral presentation, all with different target audiences. This will allow you to develop a short portfolio of your own work, which can be crucial for breaking into particular roles, and can be used as evidence for specific skill development
11 Third Year Modules Semester 2 Year 3 INTEGRATED MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY MIC3044 / 10 credits This module focuses on experimental design and analysis. Supported by a small number of seminars the module integrates material of a practical nature from across the programme, requiring students to demonstrate a knowledge of practical techniques and how they can be applied and to interpret experimental data. Examination (100%) 20 21
12 Research Module research PROJECT CMB3000 / 40 credits This module, which runs from January to March, allows students to experience at first hand in-depth research work, either laboratory, library, patient- or Schools-related or computer-based, on an original topic, in a research environment, under the direction of an academic supervisor. The majority of supervisors are Principal Investigators who lead research groups in one of the Institutes or Schools in the Faculty that include, The Institute for Ageing & Health; The Institute of Health & Society; The Institute of Genetic Medicine; The Institute of Neuroscience; The Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences; The Northern Institute for Cancer Research; The School of Biomedical Sciences; The School of Dental Sciences and the School of Medical Sciences Education Development. More than 80% of the students select laboratory projects and during the project period spend 7-8 weeks full-time in the research laboratory of their supervisor working with, and becoming part of, his/her research team. The module is assessed entirely by coursework. There are several elements to the assessment, including a supervisor s mark for competence and professionalism, a mark for the written report that is presented as a scientific paper, and marks for an oral presentation. or Experimental Design and the Process of Research CMB3001 / 40 credits This is a practical skills module which aims to prepare students for a laboratory based career. The module consists of a mixture of taught seminars, interactive workshops and an extended practical project. The seminars will cover research-related topics including experimental design, health and safety, and project planning. The practical project involves designing an experimental protocol, producing an accompanying risk assessment, carrying out the protocol and evaluating the success of the experiment. The practical sessions are carried out in a group teaching laboratory. Assessment is by in course assessment which consists of a group project plan (5%), a scientific calculations test (5%), laboratory report (40%), an open-book essay (20%), oral presentation (15%) and group leader s assessment of professionalism and competence (15%)
13 CONTACT DETAILS For further details please contact Dr Lindsey Ferrie Admissions Tutor Telephone: Address: School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University Framlington Place Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH Dr Chris Baldwin Head of School Telephone: Address: School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University Framlington Place Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH
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