Southwest Florida Water Management District 2014 Estimated Water Use Report

Transcription

1 Southwest Florida Water Management District 2014 Estimated Water Report Photo: The C.W. Bill Young Regional Reservoir in Hillsborough was renovated and refilled commencing in July By December 31, 2014, the reservoir held approximately 11.3 of its 15.5 billion gallon capacity. The reservoir stores water withdrawn from the Alafia River, Tampa Bypass Canal, and Hillsborough River to provide seasonal reliability of public supplies in three counties. Photo provided by Tampa Bay Water.

2 The Southwest Florida Water Management District (District) does not discriminate on the basis of disability. This nondiscrimination policy involves every aspect of the Districts functions, including access to and participation in the District's programs and activities. Anyone requiring reasonable accommodation as provided for in the Americans with Disabilities Act should contact the District's Human Resources Bureau Chief, 2379 Broad Street, Brooksville, Florida ; telephone (352) , ext or (FL only), ext. 4702; TDD (FL only) ; or to

3 Southwest Florida Water Management District 2014 Estimated Water Report This report is produced by the Southwest Florida Water Management District, Resource Management Division, Water Resources Bureau, Water Supply Section November 17, 2015 Author: John F. Ferguson, P.G. PSAR Data Editors: Jonathan Bilby, Brent White, Kevin Wills Staff Contributors: April Breton Joe Carlson, P.E. Sara Cole, P.G. Michael Cote Michelle Eddy Mary Ellen Fugate Kelly Keck Ralph Kerr, P.G. Edouard Kouadio, P.G. Bobby Lue, P.E. Kristina Mallams Nick Makris Claire Muirhead, P.G. Joe Oros, P.G. Robert Peterson, P.G. Jessica Patterson Judith Richtar, P.G. Owen Thornberry, P.G. Jay Yingling This report is available on line at: 32Thttp:// You may send a request for a printed copy to 32Tinfo@watermatters.org Suggested citation: Ferguson, J.F., 2015, Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2014 Estimated Water Report: Southwest Florida Water Management District, 218 p. Data used by this report were collected for specific permits by the Southwest Florida Water Management District from various sources and methods. The data obtained from the District s databases may be provisional and thus subject to revision. The District does not warrant, guarantee, or make any representations regarding the use, or the results of the use, of the data in terms of correctness, accuracy, reliability, completeness, usefulness, timeliness or otherwise and the District specifically disclaims any warranty, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular use. The data is provided as is and the entire risk as to quality and performance is with the user. In no event will the District be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, consequential, or other damages, including loss of profit, arising out of the use of these data even if the District has been advised of the possibility of such damages. All data are intended for the District s use. These data do not represent an endorsement or recommendation. If you have any questions concerning these data, contact the Water Resources Bureau at (352) or (Florida).

4 Table of Contents 32TExecutive Summary32T TPublic 17 32TDomestic Total Water 47 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. SWFWMD Counties and Water Caution Areas 14 Figure 2. Water Permits in the SWFWMD 15 Figure 4. Public Supply Monthly Withdrawals and Monthly Regional Rainfall 24 Figure 5. Percentage of Estimated Domestic Self-supply Water by 27 Figure 6. Percentage of Landscape/Recreation Water by 32 Figure 7. Landscape/Recreation Monthly Withdrawals and Monthly Regional Rainfall 32 Figure 8. Percentage of Agriculture Water by 37 Figure 9. Agriculture Monthly Withdrawals and Monthly Regional Rainfall 37 Figure 10. Percentage of Mining/Dewatering Water by 42 Figure 11. Mining/Dewatering Monthly Withdrawals and Monthly Regional Rainfall 42 Figure 12. Percentage of Industrial/Commercial Water by 46 Figure 13. Industrial/Commercial Monthly Withdrawals and Monthly Regional Rainfall 46 Figure 14. Percentages of Total Withdrawals and Total by 56 Figure 15. Total Groundwater and Surface Water Withdrawals by 57 Figure 16. Total Water Monthly Withdrawals and Monthly Regional Rainfall 57 Figure 17. Total Withdrawals by Predominant Category 58 LIST OF TABLES Table ES-1. Districtwide Water Withdrawals and 7 Table 1. Public Supply Water Withdrawals and Water 22 Southwest Florida Water Management District Page 4

5 32T32T 2014 ESTIMATED WATER USE REPORT Table 2. Domestic Self-Supply Water by 26 Table 3. Landscape/Recreation Water by & Water Source by Type 31 Table 4. Agricultural Water by & Water Source by Type 36 Table 5. Mining/Dewatering Water by, Material, & Source 41 Table 6. Industrial/Commercial by & Water Source by Type 45 Table 7. Institutional and Other by & Water Source by Type 48 Table 8a. Summary of 10 Years of Metered Water Data 51 Table 8b. Quantities, for Metered & Unmetered WUPs 51 Table 9. Total Withdrawal and Quantities by Predominant Category and 52 Table 10. Total and Pumped Quantities 53 Table 11. and Pumped Quantities, Metered WUPs 54 Table 12. and Pumped Quantities, Unmetered WUPs 55 APPENDICES APPENDIX A Summaries of Metered Water Permits 59 Table A-1, Part 1. Public Supply Report Water Data 62 Table A-1, Part 2. Withdrawals on Other Metered Public Supply WUPs 71 Table A-2. Public Supply Report Total and Residential Per Capita 76 Table A-3. Public Supply Report Permit to Permit Water Transfers 84 Table A-4. Public Supply Monthly Withdrawals by 88 Table A-5. and Withdrawn Quantities on Metered Landscape/Recreation WUPs 89 Table A-6. Total Landscape/Recreation Monthly Withdrawals by 106 Table A-7. and Withdrawn Quantities on Metered Agricultural WUPs 107 Table A-8. Total Agriculture Monthly Withdrawals by 164 Table A-9. and Withdrawn Quantities on Metered Mining/Dewatering WUPs 165 Table A-10. Total Mining/Dewatering Monthly Withdrawals 169 Table A-11. and Withdrawn Quantities on Metered Industrial/Com. WUPs 170 Table A-12. Total Industrial/Commercial Monthly Withdrawals 177 APPENDIX B Summaries of Groundwater & Surface Water Withdrawals 179 Table B-1. District-Wide per 180 Table B-2. Southern Water Caution Area 181 Table B-3. Most Impacted Area of the Southern Water Caution Area 182 Southwest Florida Water Management District Page 5

6 Table B-4 Northern Tampa Bay Water Caution Area 183 Table B-5. Dover/Plant City Water Caution Area 184 APPENDIX C Groundwater & Surface Water Quantities 185 Table C-1. Districtwide per 186 Table C-2. Southern Water Caution Area 187 Table C-3. Most Impacted Area of the Southern Water Caution Area 188 Table C-4. Northern Tampa Bay Water Caution Area 189 Table C-5. Dover/Plant City Water Caution Area 190 Table C-6. Dover/Plant City Water Caution Area 191 Table C-7. Freeze Protection WUPs in the Dover/Plant City Water Caution Area 191 APPENDIX D Historic Per Capita Rates for Public Supply WUPs 193 Table D-1. Public Supply Unadjusted Gross Per Capita Water 194 APPENDIX E Uniform Per Capita Report 201 Table E-1: Uniform Per Capita Report 202 APPENDIX F Estimated Water Report Methodology and Changes 211 Table F-1: Monthly and Ratios for Water Estimates 216 Southwest Florida Water Management District Page 6

7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Estimated Water (EWU) Report summarizes the withdrawal and use of surface water and groundwater from natural resources in the Southwest Florida Water Management District (District). The EWU Report is a data source for a variety of water supply planning and management purposes; however, it s not used to determine compliance with conditions of water use permits (WUPs). The report is based primarily on statistical analyses of metered pumpage records in the District s Water Management Information System (WMIS). Metered pumpage accounts for approximately 83 percent of the total withdrawals reported. In the District, there were 7,548 unique WUPs in active status in 2014 that were permitted for a combined 1,854 million gallons per day on an annual average basis. water uses are categorized under seven use types listed in Table ES-1 below. Table ES-1. Districtwide Water Withdrawals and in Category Withdrawal % % Public Supply % % *Domestic Self Supply % % Landscape/Recreation % % Agriculture % % Mining/Dewatering % % Industrial/Commercial % % Institutional % % Other s 0.6 0% 0.6 0% Total 1, * Domestic self-supply use, for small private residential wells, is not regulated but estimates are provided. For all use categories except public supply, it is assumed that the quantity of water withdrawn was equal to the quantity used, because the water was likely pumped at the same location and time of its use. Water withdrawn for public supply may be used at other locations and at times other than when it was withdrawn because it is often stored for service reliability, transferred among utilities, and is subject to treatment and distribution losses. As shown, the total amount of water withdrawn in the District from natural resources was 1,043.2 mgd. The total water used was mgd. The largest water use was for public supply at 46 percent of the total. Agricultural use was the next largest use at 33 percent of the total. PUBLIC SUPPLY The public supply use category includes public water systems, regional water supply authorities, privately held water utilities, and entities that provide potable water to persons other than in households. It also includes residential lawn and common-area landscape irrigation uses by entities receiving water from public supply utilities The mgd of public supply withdrawals in 2014 is up from mgd withdrawn in 2013, but the increase is largely attributed surface water being placed into storage for regional reliability. During 2014, the refilling of Tampa Bay Water s regional reservoir after repairs was a significant event that equated in annual average to approximately 31 mgd of surface water withdrawn but not yet used. After accounting for net changes for storage and net losses in treatment and transmission, the public supply use quantity is mgd, which is down from mgd used in The water used for public supply was distributed to a functional population of approximately 4.9 million persons. The unadjusted gross use for major utilities within the District was 96 gallons per capita per day (gpcd). Applying deductions, the adjusted gross per capita was 95 gpcd, and the compliance per capita was 91 gpcd. DOMESTIC SELF-SUPPLY The District does not regulate or meter domestic self-supply withdrawals and use. An estimate of 34.6 mgd for domestic self-supply use in 2014 was calculated using a GIS-based evaluation of self-supplied population and the residential per capita use rates observed for the public supply sector in each county. LANDSCAPE/RECREATION The landscape/recreation use category is primarily for quantities permitted to irrigate large-scale landscapes. The category includes golf courses, cemeteries, sports playing fields, botanical gardens; as well as consumptive uses at water parks, theme parks, and other recreational attractions. The annual average use for 2014 was 55.4 mgd. This was slightly up from 54.7 mgd estimated for Golf course irrigation accounted for 55 percent of water used in the landscape/recreation category. This category was formerly titled as recreation/aesthetic. Southwest Florida Water Management District Page 7

8 AGRICULTURE The agriculture use category includes water use for irrigation and establishment of crops, freeze protection of crops, fertigation and chemigation, irrigation system maintenance, on-site washing and packing, animal needs, and potable supply for employees. The annual average use in 2014 was mgd. This was down from mgd estimated for 2013, though annual variation is common due to hydrologic conditions and other reasons discussed in the Agriculture section. The highest water use crop was citrus (204.4 mgd) followed by tomatoes (39.2 mgd). MINING/DEWATERING The mining/dewatering use category includes only consumptively-used water quantities. Reclaimed and recirculated quantities are not counted. Valid uses include dewatering quantities that are discharged offsite, washing and sorting of mined materials, non-recycled slurry transport water, onsite processing, water entrained with the product, and water for potable/sanitary use. The annual average use was 19.1 mgd in This was down from the 27.7 mgd estimated for Phosphate mining accounted for 91 percent of the mining/ dewatering use quantity. INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL The industrial/commercial use category is for self-supplied water used by industries and businesses and includes product manufacturing, offsite phosphate processing, food and beverage processing and packing, power generation, evaporative cooling systems, and various general commercial operations. The annual average in 2014 was 56.0 mgd. This was down from the 61.7 mgd estimated for INSTITUTIONAL AND OTHER USES In May 2014, the new institutional and other use type categories were created by modification of 40D-2.501, Florida Administrative Code, as part of a statewide consumptive use consistency effort. At the end of 2014, there were four WUPs assigned with these new predominant use categories. It s anticipated that the type allocations will increase as WUPs continue to be renewed and issued. The institutional uses included a hospital and an elementary school which used a combined 0.01 mgd. The other uses were for two environmental augmentation WUPs in Pasco that withdrew 0.6 mgd. WATER USE CAUTION AREAS Water withdrawal quantities for the three Water Caution Areas (WUCAs) and the Most Impacted Area (MIA) of the Southern Water Caution Area (SWUCA) are reported in Appendix B. SWUCA: A quantity of mgd of water was withdrawn under WUPs in the SWUCA. Groundwater withdrawals accounted for mgd of the total quantity withdrawn. The largest water use category in the SWUCA was agriculture at mgd. MIA: A quantity of 78.9 mgd of water was withdrawn under WUPs in the MIA of the SWUCA, of which 69.5 mgd was from groundwater. Agriculture was the largest use category at 46.1mgd. Northern Tampa Bay WUCA (NTB WUCA): A quantity of mgd of water was withdrawn under WUPs in the NTB WUCA in Groundwater made up mgd of the withdrawals. The largest use category in the NTB WUCA was public supply at mgd. Dover/Plant City WUCA (DPC WUCA): A quantity of 46.4 mgd of water was withdrawn under WUPs in the DPC WUCA, of which 44.9 mgd was from groundwater. The highest use in the DPC WUCA was for agriculture at 22.6 mgd. METHODOLOGY AND DATA QUALITY IMPROVEMENT The methodology used to generate the numbers in this report is summarized in the EWU Report s introduction, and additional technical details are provided in Appendix F. The quality control of the accuracy of permitted and actual pumped quantities is a continuous process, and WMIS data queried for this report may be updated post publication. Southwest Florida Water Management District Page 8

9 INTRODUCTION The Southwest Florida Water Management District (District) is one of five regional water management districts created by the Florida Legislature, and is charged with managing and protecting water resources to ensure their continued availability while maximizing the benefits to the public. The jurisdictional boundary of the District is based primarily on watershed drainage basins. The District encompasses all or part of 16 counties: Charlotte, Citrus, DeSoto, Hardee, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Lake, Levy, Marion, Manatee, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Sarasota, and Sumter. Figure 1 shows the 16 counties that are within the District s jurisdiction and the boundaries of the three water use caution areas (WUCAs) in the District: the Southern WUCA (SWUCA), the Northern Tampa Bay WUCA (NTB WUCA), and the Dover/Plant City WUCA (DPC WUCA). The region known as the Most Impacted Area (MIA) is not a WUCA itself, but a special area within the SWUCA where permitting of new quantities that impact the Upper Floridan aquifer water level is currently suspended. Water use permits within the WUCAs are subject to additional monitoring and reporting requirements. Portions of the SWUCA and the NTB WUCA were created in 1989 and 1991, respectively, because long-term withdrawals from groundwater resources in the Upper Floridan aquifer contributed to impacts including sea water intrusion, reduced aquifer levels, and lowered water levels in lakes and wetlands. The SWUCA was expanded in 2003 to include the entire southern groundwater basin. In 2007, the NTB WUCA was expanded to include all of Pasco and all of Hillsborough that was not in the SWUCA. The DPC WUCA was created in June 2011 due to adverse impacts to existing legal users of the groundwater resource and damage to offsite property caused by high pumpage from the Upper Floridan aquifer for freeze protection of crops. The DPC WUCA includes portions of the SWUCA and NTB WUCA, but does not supersede them because the DPC WUCA addresses short-term pumping impacts for freeze events. The District s Governing Board determined that recovery strategies were needed to address resource impacts in these WUCAs. The strategies include enhanced regulatory requirements, engineering projects, and other management tools to help address the impacts. The recovery strategies are different for the three WUCAs. The Central Florida Water Initiative (CFWI) has a water supply planning area established for collaborative planning efforts of the three central water management districts and other agencies and stakeholders. The District s portion of the CFWI planning area matches the political boundaries of Polk and Lake Counties within the District. CFWI-specific calculations are not provided in this report because the data specific to Polk and Lake Counties can be easily combined if necessary. HISTORY OF SWFWMD ESTIMATED WATER USE REPORTS The District has prepared Estimated Water (EWU) reports since Until 1986, the preparation of these reports was a cooperative effort between the District and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Beginning in 1987, the District published these reports on an annual or biannual basis. Prior to 1992, the EWU reports relied on non-documented sources such as data from the Benchmark Farm Program for agricultural water use permits (WUPs), voluntary survey responses for public supply, the Bureau of Economic and Business Research (BEBR) population information for domestic use, and reported meter data for industrial use and power generation use. The water use categories were also slightly refined from those used in the 1992 and 1993 reports. Due to substantial changes in methodology, it is not recommended to create charts and graphs that combine the pre-1994 water use totals with the post-1994 water use totals. ESTIMATION PROCESS The water use data in this report was primarily derived from the District WUP database in the Water Management Information System (WMIS) database. The water quantity data is derived from metered withdrawal points and from estimates applied to unmetered withdrawal points. Population data is based on reported population data provided by utility/authority permittees on the Public Supply Reports (PSARs) and functional BEBR population data. Southwest Florida Water Management District Page 9

10 About 83 percent of the water used in this report is quantified from metered withdrawals. Since the total water use contains an element of estimation, this report is collectively known as the Estimated Water Report. Some tables present the metered withdrawals separately from the estimated withdrawals (Tables 1, 8, 11, and 12). Unless otherwise indicated, all quantities are reported as an annual average daily rate using the unit million gallons per day. For counties that are only partially within District boundaries, (Charlotte, Highlands, Lake, Levy, Marion and Polk), the quantities include water use data for only the portions of the counties within the District. In many charts, the source of water is also identified to be either groundwater or surface water. WATER USE CATEGORIES The EWU Report identifies the use of water by seven broad predominant use categories: Public Supply Domestic Self-Supply Landscape/Recreation Agricultural Mining/Dewatering Industrial/Commercial Institutional/Other The domestic self-supply use, which is not regulated by the District, is estimated from the counties rural population and average daily gross per capita use. The category is excluded from some tables in the report that focus on regulated withdrawals (Tables 10, 11, 12, and Appendices B & C). The institutional/other uses are new for the 2104 EWU Report. The categories were created by modification of 40D-2.501, Florida Administrative Code, as part of a statewide consumptive use consistency effort. Only four permits had this allocation in 2014, but more will be added in the future as WUPs are issued, modified, or renewed. The landscape/recreation category is synonymous with the former recreation/aesthetic category in prior EWU Reports; the name was changed for the statewide consistency effort. Figure 2 shows the spatial distribution of the regulated predominant use types within the District, based on permittee boundaries. There are many specific water uses within each predominant use category, such as citrus, pasture, and vegetable irrigation in the agricultural water use category. Sections of this report are dedicated to each of the predominant use categories, and summarize the specific uses. MEASURING WATER USE The ability to collect and keep accurate meter records on water used is tremendously important to the District s mission of managing the limited water resources of the District. Doing so increases the likelihood that water is shared fairly; and withdrawals of water do not adversely impact existing legal users, the environment, and the resource itself. The District has a high number of responsible permittees who submit the data and reports required under the terms and conditions of their water use permits. Maintaining accurate records is also of high value to permittees. Permittees can submit meter readings (as well as other types of data) electronically via the District s website or by mail. The data used to determine compliance with the terms and conditions of WUPs are evaluated independently from the quantities presented in this report. Metered Water : Beginning in 2003, metering pumpage is required on all WUPs in the WUCAs permitted for 100,000 gallons per day (gpd) or more on an annual average basis. Outside of the WUCAs, the metering threshold is 500,000 gpd on an annual average basis for non-public supply WUPs. Public Supply permittees outside of the WUCAs with annual average quantities over 100,000 gpd are also required to submit meter readings. Since 2012, metering has been required on all permits in the DPC WUCA that include freeze protection quantities from groundwater, or that have groundwater permitted for irrigation of crops that typically need freeze protection. Multiple Measurements of Water Withdrawals: Water withdrawals from groundwater and surface water resources are measured in numerous ways to ensure that the quantities withdrawn are reasonable and beneficial with respect to the use. Direct withdrawals from the resource straight to the end use is production pumpage. Non-public supply pumpage from the resource into a contained area, such as a storage Southwest Florida Water Management District Page 10

11 pond, from which quantities are then re-pumped to the end use is called augmentation. Only production pumpage and augmentation pumpage are tallied as withdrawals in this report. Quantities re-pumped from containment areas are excluded because they are not directly withdrawn from natural water resources and were previously counted as augmentation. Storage ponds are frequently used for storing and blending imported reclaimed water, which is not quantified in this report. Reclaimed water inflows and use are reported to the District and quantified for other various reports available at: Re-pumped water from storage ponds may also contain storm water that was captured and used beneficially. Captured stormwater is not regulated by the District, nor is it typically quantified by the user. In most cases, stormwater use is not included in the surface water quantities in this report. An exception is made for The Villages in Sumter, because their largescale stormwater capture system contributes a significant amount to the PSAR use quantities and the overall water use totals (4.2 mgd in 2014). Additional meter readings reported to the District include flow at transfer points between utilities. These permit-to-permit transfers for public supply use are shown in Table A-3. Environmental mitigation pumpage of groundwater to surface water bodies is included in the report on a case-by-case basis, determined by the WUP coding for the withdrawal. In some excluded cases, the water discharged to a surface water body and quickly filters downward back to a poorly confined aquifer, so the quantity is assumed to be recirculated. Alternative Water Supply Sources. The District is allowed under Florida Statutes to require the use of alternative water supplies in lieu of all or a portion of a proposed use from natural water resources when: reclaimed water is available; the alternative use is 43Tenvironmentally, economically, and technically feasible; and the water has the quality and reliability necessary to the user. In these cases, the WUP may have a standby quantity of groundwater or surface water with the provision that if the permittee loses the use of the alternative supply, through no fault of their own, they can pump the standby quantities. Some permittees may appear to have little or no water use, but they are actively using alternative supplies. 43T Estimated Water : Since the EWU reports, non-metered water use has been estimated for WUPs that did not have a condition requiring the permittee to submit pumpage information. The estimation methodology assumes that permittees having an unmetered permit will use a proportionally similar amount of water on a monthly basis as a metered permit of similar size and use. Percentiles of ratios of withdrawn/permitted quantities on metered WUPs are analyzed and applied as multipliers for non-metered WUPs. A description of the estimation methodology is in Appendix F. Most of the unmetered WUPs are issued for less than 100,000 gpd on an annual average basis. Some small WUPs are still metered to monitor potential impacts, so comparable metered data is available for estimating small unmetered WUPs. The comparison uses multiple size tiers because permittees that have small WUP allocations usually withdraw amounts closer to their permitted quantities than do the permittees having larger WUP allocations. Some WUPs with meter requirements include small withdrawal points that do not normally require metering. Generally this is true for withdrawal points permitted for less than 10,000 gpd for uses different from the main use on the permit; such as tank fill for fertigation, livestock watering, potable supply for employees, etc. The individual use quantities from these smaller withdrawal points are not estimated; although their permitted quantities are included by using the scaling procedure. CAVEATS FOR ESTIMATION OF TOTAL WATER USE Some water withdrawals occurring in the District are not quantifiable by either metering or by estimations based on use similarities. WUPs are not required for entities using less than 100,000 gpd from wells that are less than 6-inches in diameter and/or from surface water withdrawal pipes that are less than 4-inches in diameter. In the MIA of the SWUCA, the threshold to require a WUP is when the cumulative outside diameter of the wells constructed after April 11, 1994 is greater than 6 inches at the surface. Pumpage Southwest Florida Water Management District Page 11

12 data for uses below these thresholds does not exist, and the intended use is usually not recorded. The population-based estimates for domestic self-supply use do not categorize quantities for non-permitted water uses, such as ranchettes or rurally located small businesses. The domestic self-supply estimate also does not include self-supplied residential lawn irrigation withdrawn by public supply utility customers. Meter reporting errors: The meter readings submitted by permittees are only as good as the submitter makes them. Obvious errors such as misplaced decimals, inaccurate conversions, or uncorrected meter rollovers are fixed when found. Other errors can be masked as a reasonable quantity, or by the fact that withdrawals for some uses can vary greatly from month to month or annually. This report compiles over 81,000 monthly and daily meter readings received by the District in 2014, and metered quantities that appeared within the realm of possibility may contain undetected recording or reporting errors. Corrections are made to historical records in the WMIS database as they are identified (with written consent from the permittee), which may consequently create discrepancies between published EWU reports and other data queries. Rounding Discrepancies: Throughout this report, numbers generated via SAS programs were calculated as gallons per day but are expressed as million gallons per day to three decimal places. The data is rounded during the later stages of analysis. Despite the commutative and associative laws of mathematics, alternative calculations of very large data fields can yield slightly different answers. Thus, the totals shown may be slightly different from manual calculations performed by the reader. Small apparent discrepancies occur occasionally within the tables due to rounding and averaging. For this reason, the million gallons per day totals are presented to three decimal places in the tables and appendices, and are given to only one decimal place in the text. PROCESSING WATER USE DATA The scaling, grouping of specific use codes, and exclusion of withdrawals not directly from water resources may create discrepancies from data downloaded directly from WMIS. Permittees may have multiple use codes catalogued on their WUPs. The detailed uses are grouped into generalized water use categories; however, this level of grouping may limit details on how water is used for specific activities. To prevent the report from becoming overly complicated, detailed uses are assigned into groups based on general similarities. WATER USE VERSUS WATER WITHDRAWN For all water use categories except public supply, water use in this report is synonymous with water withdrawn because the water is typically used where and when it is withdrawn. For the public supply water use category, the actual water use in a utility s service area can be quite different from the amount withdrawn in that area. Differences are caused by imports and exports between utilities (including those outside of the District), regional distribution of alternative water supplies by water supply authorities, quantities stored and released from surface water reservoirs and aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) systems, water treatment losses (which can be in excess of 30 percent for desalination systems), and transmission losses. Water withdrawals are assumed to be used where they are withdrawn by the small, nonmetered utilities, and by other use type permittees with a small potable supply allocation for persons other than household members. SNAPSHOT IN TIME The WMIS database is continuously updated in real time as new permits are issued, existing permits are modified, and permits expire. The cumulative changes are relatively stable, but values for some WUPs will fluctuate daily. Permit Data: A snapshot of permit data from the dynamic WMIS database on or shortly after December 31 of each year. This snapshot captures several attributes of every active WUP and copies approximately 300mb of data for archival use. The WUP attributes used for the EWU report include the following: the status of the WUP; water uses; total permitted quantities for the permit, each withdrawal point, and each use type; and a series of alpha-numeric codes applied to the permit and withdrawal points that describe the purpose, intent, and use of the water and identify the type of metering conditions. Southwest Florida Water Management District Page 12

13 Pumpage Data: The attributes of the WUP from the end-of-year snapshot define how its pumpage data is queried. The pumpage data for the calendar year is captured including prior revisions of the WUP. Monthly pumpage values may be uploaded by the permittees a couple of months later, and are more easily isolated in time, so pumpage data for the EWU report can be queried later in the year. This allows time for staff to capture tardy submissions and to identify and correct errors. The final 2014 pumpage snapshot for this report was taken on September 28, reports. It also contains information regarding historical improvements to methods used to capture and process data first for EWU reports. APPENDICES Six appendices are located in the back of this report. Appendix A shows the pumpage, imports and exports, population served, and other data for public supply WUPs summarized from utility PSARs. It also contains detailed tables of all metered WUPs per water use category including the metered quantity, the permit total, and how much of the permitted total for that WUP is for the listed water use category. The same information for all unmetered WUPs is available by request, as its inclusion would more than double the length of this report. A table showing the monthly withdrawals for each water use category follows each water use category listing. Appendix B shows the total (estimated plus metered) annual average quantities withdrawn by water source (groundwater or surface water) from regulated water resources within the District and within the three WUCAs. Appendix C identifies the total permitted annual average quantities from surface water and groundwater by county for the District and the WUCAs. Appendix C also contains freeze protection quantities permitted for agricultural use in the DPC WUCA. Appendix D contains ten years of historic Per Capita water use for public supply permittees that submit PSARs. Appendix E contains calculations for the uniform per capita report prepared for the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) in accordance with statewide guidelines. Appendix F provides an explanation on how the data in the WUP database of the WMIS is analyzed and processed to create the EWU Southwest Florida Water Management District Page 13

14 Figure 1. Southwest Florida Water Management District, Counties, and Water Caution Areas Southwest Florida Water Management District Page 14

15 Figure 2. Water Permit Boundaries by Predominant Type in the Southwest Florida Water Management District Southwest Florida Water Management District Page 15

16 This page is intentionally blank Southwest Florida Water Management District Page 16

17 21TPUBLIC SUPPLY WITHDRAWALS 21T = 530 MGD PUBLIC SUPPLY WATER USE = 478 MGD For the public supply use category, quantities of water used by customers can vary from quantities of water withdrawn from the resources due to treatment, storage and distribution system losses; imports and exports between public supply utilities; and net quantities retained and released from storage over the course of the year. Typically, the water used is less than water withdrawn, although exceptions occur with some utilities when previously stored quantities are utilized or large quantities are imported. In 2014, average withdrawals in the District for public supply totaled mgd. This total includes mgd of groundwater, mgd of surface water, and 8.1 mgd of desalinated seawater. After imports, exports, and storage were accounted for, and distribution losses were deducted, the total average gross public supply water use was mgd. The public supply withdrawals and gross use for each county are shown in Table 1. GENERAL INFORMATION The public supply water use category is for water quantities distributed by public and private water utilities, which are defined by District Rule as a community water system that serves at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or that serves at least 25 individual year-round residents. The category is also used for personal/sanitary water provided to a permittee s employees, visitors, or guests where the activity is not connected to a public supply utility. Subcategories within the public supply use category include uses not directly related to population, such as fire suppression use, lawn and landscape irrigation, common area irrigation, and water supplied to businesses and commerce. These nonresidential uses are included in the public supply category because the water for these uses is supplied by a public supply utility. DATA SOURCES There are three sources of data for the public supply water use category: the 2014 PSARs, metered withdrawals recorded WMIS database, and estimated withdrawals for small public supply WUPs. In 2014, there were 426 WUPs in active status that included the public supply use category. Of these, 191 were metered, and 159 of those WUPs were for utilities or regional suppliers that were also required to submit a PSAR. This amount includes 14 wholesale utilities that may not have metered withdrawals but import and use 100,000 gpd or more water supply on an annual average basis. Two additional wholesale utilities were discovered to be using over 100,000 gpd; they have been included and will be required to submit a PSAR in Permittees use the PSARs to report their water withdrawals, treatment processes, water losses, imports and exports, and calculate a variety of demographic-based per capita rates (discussed pages 18-19). They are also required to show how much is provided for residential use (single family, multifamily, mobile homes), for industrial/commercial customers, for golf course irrigation, and for irrigation of common areas within the service area. As of October 2014, all but five of the permittees had submitted a PSAR. Of those five, three used no water and two were recently consolidated into another permit. District pumpage records and BEBR-based populations were used for permittees that did not submit the report. The PSAR data is summarized in Tables A-1, A-2, and A-3 in Appendix A. There were seven golf resorts whose PSARreported withdrawals included golf course irrigation quantities that were categorized in the landscape/recreation category of this report. To avoid double-counting, those quantities are deducted from the Table 1 PSAR withdrawals. The PSAR data also includes the effluent produced by Tampa Bay Water s Seawater Desalination Facility. The seawater withdrawals are not regulated by the District and are not identified by a WUP number, but are included because the facility s significant contribution of public supply water use. Ideally, the withdrawals provided on the PSAR should match the monthly or daily meter readings submitted to the District over the course of the year. In most instances, this is true. Any major discrepancies are researched by District staff on a case-by-case basis, and once errors are identified and validated by the permittee, the data can be Southwest Florida Water Management District Page 17

18 corrected in either the database or the PSAR. The reviewed PSAR-based withdrawals were the primary source for summations in this report where minimal differences occurred. In addition to the PSAR totals, 1.6 mgd of water was withdrawn by public supply permittees that had metering requirements but were not required to submit a PSAR. Many of these permitees are farms and institutions that have a public supply quantity assigned for personal sanitary use but no associated population. They also include small utilities that are below the 100,000 gpd threshold but are metered because their withdrawals are near environmentally sensitive areas. The small, unmetered public supply permittees used an estimated total combined quantity of 5.0 mgd. The withdrawal and use quantities of the unmetered WUPs is assumed to be the same. GROSS WATER USE QUANTITIES After accounting for imports, exports, water losses, and changes in ASR/reservoir storage, the total gross water use for public supply was mgd, or 90 percent of the withdrawal total. The percentage for 2014 is below the typical average of 95 percent for water used/withdrawn, but much of the difference can be attributed to surface water flows that were captured and placed in storage reserves during the year. The ratio of water used and withdrawn can also vary immensely county by county due to the regional transmission from major water sources to demand centers in neighboring counties. Large quantities of water were withdrawn in Desoto and Pasco counties and exported to public utilities in other counties. The utilities in Pinellas imported 77 percent of its public supply from sources outside the county. GROUNDWATER & SURFACE WATER In 2014, groundwater provided 56 percent (297.5 mgd) of public supply water withdrawn in the District. Though not quantified for this report, it s assumed that approximately 90 percent of the groundwater withdrawals referenced above were withdrawn from the Upper Floridan aquifer. The surficial aquifer and the Hawthorne aquifer system (aka intermediate aquifer system) are utilized in some southern counties. Surface water accounted for 42 percent (224.7 mgd) of public supply water withdrawals in Significant amounts of surface water are withdrawn for public supply from rivers, canals, and creeks in Hillsborough, Manatee, DeSoto, Sarasota, and Charlotte Counties. The majority of surface water withdrawals for public supply occurred in Hillsborough (155.4 mgd), followed by DeSoto (30.4 mgd), and Manatee (28.4 mgd). The Villages community in Sumter utilized 4.2 mgd of surface water captured in lined stormwater ponds for outdoor public supply use. The Villages stormwater use quantity is included in Table 1 because it was factored into their PSAR use. Surface water was stored by two regional water supply authorities for seasonal use and drought reliability. Tampa Bay Water withdraws, stores, and treats surface water from the Hillsborough and Alafia rivers, as well as the Tampa Bypass Canal, and transfers water to utilities in Hillsborough, Pasco, and Pinellas counties. Tampa Bay Water s 15.5 billion gallon off-stream reservoir was empty at the beginning of 2014 for maintenance, but was placed back in service in July and was filled to 11.3 billion gallons by the end of December The reservoir filling equates to approximately 31 mgd (annual average) of the difference between the public supply withdrawal and gross use quantities. Tampa Bay Water also treats salt water from Tampa Bay at its seawater desalination facility. which produced annual average of 8.07 mgd of finished potable water in The facility was operated primarily during the dry season and produced water on 185 days of the year. Within this report, the seawater effluent is included in the Hillsborough PSAR totals but is excluded from tables listing specifically surface water and groundwater quantities. The Peace River Manasota Regional Water Supply Authority (PRMRWSA) withdraws and stores water from the Peace River in DeSoto ; and is a wholesale distributer to Charlotte, DeSoto, and Sarasota county utilities and the City of North Port. The PRMRWSA placed an estimated 5.0 mgd into storage in their off-stream reservoirs and ASR systems over the year. Southwest Florida Water Management District Page 18

19 Other surface water sources for public supply include the Hillsborough River, which is utilized by the City of Tampa. The City of North Port acquires approximately a quarter of its supply from a surface water facility on Myakkahatchee Creek. Manatee and the City of Bradenton have in-stream reservoirs known as Lake Manatee and Evers Lake, respectively, which provide a portion of their public supply. The City of Punta Gorda in Charlotte generates most of its supply from the Shell Creek in-stream reservoir and treatment facility DATA Table 1 provides quantities of water withdrawn and used by public supply permittees as submitted in the PSARs, along with WMIS data for WUPs not required to submit a PSAR and the estimated withdrawals for WUPs without metering requirements. Figure 3 gives a visual comparison of county-level public supply water withdrawals and water used within the counties via two pie charts. Figure 4 compares monthly estimated public supply water withdrawals with the District' monthly rainfall. Table A-1 in Appendix A lists the amount of raw water withdrawn, functional population served, and the general water sources (groundwater, surface water, both, or desalinated water) for each permit. Treatment losses are also shown, and may be associated with desalination concentrate or other conventional treatment processes such as flocculating suspended solids and filter backwashing. Table A-1 and Table A-3 also provides permit-specific details about water imports and exports. The Tampa Bay Water Consolidated Wellfield WUP #11771 includes 11 regional wellfields situated in three counties. Of the total 74.4 mgd withdrawn under this permit in 2014; 58 percent occurred in Pasco, 33 percent in Hillsborough, and 9 percent in Pinellas. In order to accurately portray where the withdrawals occurred, the WUP is listed in the three counties in Table A-1 and shows the quantities withdrawn within each county. The withdrawals are categorized as imports into the authority s regional system, as they may be blended with other Tampa Bay Water sources before they exported to the member utilities. PER CAPITA Per Capita is a measurement of the water used by a population. The District uses three measures of per capita for the PSARs: unadjusted gross, adjusted gross, and compliance. These per capita types are shown in Table A-1 of Appendix A. The District also calculates residential and uniform per capita measurements for uniform DEP use, which are available in Appendix E. A brief explanation these five per capita types is provided in this section. A more complete explanation can be found in Part B of the Water Permit Information Manual, Basis of Review. te_file_sets/14/applicants_handbook_part_b.pdf UNADJUSTED GROSS PER CAPITA: The unadjusted gross per capita (UGPC) is simply the gross water use divided by the population served. Some WUPs do not have a gross use because they were either wholesale suppliers without an associated population, or new WUPs that had not begun withdrawals yet. In 2014, the Districtwide UGPC was 96 gpcd. The UGPC calculation may be high for some permittees for a number of reasons. A high per capita water use is common in master-metered communities, where people who are not charged a by the quantity used lack an economic incentive to conserve water. Residential developments with large lots sizes tend to have higher-thanaverage water use rates due to larger lawns. New residential developments with a high number of new lawns also tend to have high per capita water use rates while the lawns and landscaping are established. Communities that have belowaverage number of persons per dwelling will also show a higher unadjusted per capita rate. If the permittee provides supporting data, a PSAR adjustment can be made to account for the low persons per household effect. A low UGPC rate is common in communities with high water prices, as well as for permittees estimating their population by dwelling unit. The dwelling unit method takes the number of units in a utility s service area and multiplies that number Southwest Florida Water Management District Page 19

20 by an average number of people per household. This method sometimes erroneously overestimates the population and assumes year-round residency. Population amounts calculated as a functional population are typically more accurate. ADJUSTED GROSS PER CAPITA: The Adjusted Gross Per Capita (AGPC) rates allow for more equitable comparison of the public supply utilities with respect to water use habits. The AGPC takes specific water uses into consideration including the supply of large amounts of water to industrial/commercial users, to golf courses for irrigation, or for environmental mitigation of impacted resources. In 2014, the Districtwide average AGPC was 94 gpcd. Before the service area water use is divided by the functional population, deductions can be taken for water use unrelated to population to calculate the AGPC. Details of these deductions per public supplier are shown in Table A-1 in Appendix A. Deductions for utility-supplied water to industrial/commercial customers, such as a factory, are referred to as Significant. To qualify as a significant use, the amount delivered must meet certain criteria and the permittee must properly document the deduction claimed. An environmental mitigation deduction can be taken if a permittee is required by the District to pump water to replenish lakes and wetlands that were impacted by their withdrawals. COMPLIANCE PER CAPITA: In 2009, a Districtwide rule was set requiring public supply permittees to attain a compliance per capita (CPC) rate of 150 gpcd or lower by the end of Any public supply permittees having a five-year average ( ) compliance per capita rate above 150 gpcd were required to be at least half way to this goal by In 2009, there were 27 utilities over the compliance rate. In 2014, there were only nine reporting utilities that were over the 150 gpcd, and seven had reached their 2014 halfway goal. The Districtwide average CPC in 2014 was 90 gpcd. The CPC rate allows the permittee to further reduce their AGPC rate by deducting reclaimed water and stormwater provided as alternative water supplies (AWS) to customers outside their service area. These sources cannot be used to reduce the permittee s AGPC rate because the reclaimed water used within their service area would have already offset a share of potable water use. Also, AWS deductions cannot be included in the CPC rate if they were already deducted under the golf course irrigation deduction. RESIDENTIAL PER CAPITA: The residential per capita rate is not utilized for regulatory purposes in the District, but it is a useful statistic to compare home water use. The rate is similar to the adjusted gross per capita, except documentation is not necessary for deductions from the quantity of water withdrawn. It represents water used at single-family, multi-family, or mobile homes residences according to the utility s billing detail. The countywide average residential per capita is used in the EWU Report to estimate the domestic self-supply use, as discussed in the next chapter. The residential per capita values are presented in Appendix A, Table A-2. The average District residential per capita rate was 66 gpcd. DEP UNIFORM PER CAPITA: In 2009, the DEP developed a uniform statewide convention for calculating public supply per capita water use. This per capita method is reported by the Florida s five water management districts to provide the DEP with consistent data on public supply water use and per capita rates for statewide analyses. This method is not otherwise utilized by the District for regulatory or planning purposes. The uniform per capita rate is calculated as the gross use divided by the residential population served, and the residential population is calculated by number of housing units times the average persons per household within the utility. The data that is presented to DEP is provided in Appendix E, Table E-1. For 2014, the District average of the DEP uniform gross per capita was 100 gpcd. PUBLIC SUPPLY WATER TRANSFERS Inter-county and inter-permit water transfers play an important role as regional water supply authorities develop wholesale arrangements with member systems, emergency interconnect systems are constructed to improve reliability, and new regional water supply systems are Southwest Florida Water Management District Page 20