Southern Sudan Counts: Tables from the 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census, 2008

Transcription

1 Southern Sudan Counts: Tables from the 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census, 2008 November 19, 2010

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3 SOUTHERN SUDAN CENTRE FOR CENSUS,STATISTICS AND EVALUATION 123 β σ µ S S C C S E Southern Sudan Counts: Tables from the 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census, 2008 November 19, 2010

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5 Contents List of Tables... Acronyms... Foreword... Acknowledgements... Background and Mandate of the Southern Sudan Centre for Census, Statistics and Evaluation (SSCCSE)... 1 Introduction... 1 History of Census-taking in Southern Sudan... 2 Questionnaire Content, Sampling and Methodology... 2 Implementation... 2 Challenges... 4 Key Indicators... 4 Definitions Population Migration Orphanhood and Disability Education Economic Activity Marriage Births Housing Cultivation Deaths Appendix A: Notes Appendix B: Long Form Questionnaire (LFQ) iv x xiv xv iii

6 List of Tables Table 1-1: Southern Sudan Population Distribution by State, Place of Residence and... 9 Table 1-2: Urban/rural population distribution by state. Percentage of population... 9 Table 1-3: Southern Sudan Population Distribution by Age group, Place of Residence and 10 Table 1-4: Southern Sudan Population Distribution by Age group, Place of Residence and 10 Table 1-5: Southern Sudan Adult Age Population Distribution by States Table 1-6: Age Dependency Ratio by State Table 1-7: Southern Sudan Population Distribution by Nationality and Table 1-8: Population Distribution by Region of Origin and State of Enumeration Table 1-9: Household Size by Background Characteristics. Percent and Mean Table 1-10: Area and Population Density by County: Upper Nile State Table 1-11: Area and Population Density by County: Jonglei State Table 1-12: Area and Population Density by County: Unity State Table 1-13: Area and Population Density by County: Warrap State Table 1-14: Area and Population Density by County: Northern Bahr El Ghazal State Table 1-15: Area and Population Density by County: Western Bahr El Ghazal State Table 1-16: Area and Population Density by County: Lakes State Table 1-17: Area and Population Density by County: Western Equatoria State Table 1-18: Area and Population Density by County: Central Equatoria State Table 1-19: Area and Population Density by County: Eastern Equatoria State Table 1-20: County and Payam Population for Upper Nile State by and Number of Households Table 1-21: County and Payam Population for Jonglei State by and Number of households. 17 Table 1-22: County and Payam Population for Unity State by and Number of households.. 19 Table 1-23: County and Payam Population for Warrap State by and Number of households. 21 Table 1-24: Table 1-25: County and Payam Population for Northern Bahr El Ghazal State by and Number of households County and Payam Population for Western Bahr El Ghazal State by and Number of households Table 1-26: County and Payam Population for Lakes State by and Number of households.. 24 Table 1-27: County and Payam Population for Western Equatoria State by and Number of households iv

7 Table 1-28: Table 1-29: County and Payam Population for Central Equatoria State by and Number of households County and Payam Population for Eastern Equatoria State by and Number of households Table 1-30: Upper Nile by Table 1-31: by : Renk County, Upper Nile State Table 1-32: by. Manyo County, Upper Nile State Table 1-33: by. Fashoda County, Upper Nile State Table 1-34: by. Melut County, Upper Nile State Table 1-35: by. Maban County, Upper Nile State Table 1-36: by. Maiwut County, Upper Nile State Table 1-37: by. Luakping/Nasir County, Upper Nile State Table 1-38: by. Longochuk County, Upper Nile State Table 1-39: by. Ulang County, Upper Nile State Table 1-40: by. Baliet County, Upper Nile State Table 1-41: by. Malakal County, Upper Nile State Table 1-42: by. Panyikang County, Upper Nile State Table 1-43: by. Jonglei State Table 1-44: by. Fangak County, Jonglei State Table 1-45: by. Khorflus County, Jonglei State Table 1-46: by. Ayod County, Jonglei State Table 1-47: by. Duk County, Jonglei State Table 1-48: by. Uror County, Jonglei State Table 1-49: by. Nyirol County, Jonglei State Table 1-50: by. Akobo County, Jonglei State Table 1-51: by. Pochalla County, Jonglei State Table 1-52: by. Pibor County, Jonglei State Table 1-53: by. Twic East County, Jonglei State Table 1-54: by. Bor South County, Jonglei State Table 1-55: by. Unity State Table 1-56: by. Pariang County, Unity State Table 1-57: by. Abiemnhom County, Unity State Table 1-58: by. Mayom County, Unity State Table 1-59: by. Rubkone County, Unity State Table 1-60: by. Guit County, Unity State Table 1-61: by. Koch County, Unity State Table 1-62: by. Leer County, Unity State Table 1-63: by. Mayendit County, Unity State Table 1-64: by. Panyijiar County, Unity State v

8 Table 1-65: by. Warrap State Table 1-66: by. Abyei County, Warrap State Table 1-67: by. Twic County, Warrap State Table 1-68: by. Gogrial West County, Warrap State Table 1-69: by. Gogrial East County, Warrap State Table 1-70: by. Tonj North County, Warrap State Table 1-71: by. Tonj East County, Warrap State Table 1-72: by. Tonj South County, Warrap State Table 1-73: by. Northern Bahr El Ghazal State Table 1-74: by. Aweil North County, Northern Bahr El Ghazal State.. 45 Table 1-75: by. Aweil East County, Northern Bahr El Ghazal State Table 1-76: by. Aweil South County, Northern Bahr El Ghazal State.. 45 Table 1-77: by. Aweil West County, Northern Bahr El Ghazal State Table 1-78: by. Aweil Centre County, Northern Bahr El Ghazal State. 46 Table 1-79: by. Western Bahr El Ghazal State Table 1-80: by. Raga County, Western Bahr El Ghazal State Table 1-81: by. Jur River County, Western Bahr El Ghazal State Table 1-82: by. Wau County, Western Bahr El Ghazal State Table 1-83: by. Lakes State Table 1-84: by. Cueibet County, Lakes State Table 1-85: by. Rumbek North County, Lakes State Table 1-86: by. Rumbek Centre County, Lakes State Table 1-87: by. Wulu County, Lakes State Table 1-88: by. Rumbek East County, Lakes State Table 1-89: by. Yirol West County, Lakes State Table 1-90: by. Yirol East County, Lakes State Table 1-91: by. Awerial County, Lakes State Table 1-92: by. Western Equatoria State Table 1-93: by. Tambura County, Western Equatoria State Table 1-94: by. Nagero County, Western Equatoria State Table 1-95: by. Nzara County, Western Equatoria State Table 1-96: by. Ezo County, Western Equatoria State Table 1-97: by. Yambio County, Western Equatoria State Table 1-98: by. Ibba County, Western Equatoria State Table 1-99: by. Maridi County, Western Equatoria State Table 1-100: by. Mvolo County, Western Equatoria State Table 1-101: by. Mundri West County, Western Equatoria State Table 1-102: by. Mundri East County, Western Equatoria State Table 1-103: by. Central Equatoria State vi

9 Table 1-104: by. Terekeka County, Central Equatoria State Table 1-105: by. Juba County, Central Equatoria State Table 1-106: by. Lainya County, Central Equatoria State Table 1-107: by. Yei County, Central Equatoria State Table 1-108: by. Morobo County, Central Equatoria State Table 1-109: by. Kajo-Keji County, Central Equatoria State Table 1-110: by. Eastern Equatoria State Table 1-111: by. Torit County, Eastern Equatoria State Table 1-112: by. Lafon County, Eastern Equatoria State Table 1-113: by. Kapoeta North County, Eastern Equatoria State Table 1-114: by. Kapoeta East County, Eastern Equatoria State Table 1-115: by. Kapoeta South County, Eastern Equatoria State Table 1-116: by. Budi County, Eastern Equatoria State Table 1-117: by. Ikotos County, Eastern Equatoria State Table 1-118: by. Magwi County, Eastern Equatoria State Table 2-1: Place of birth by background characteristics. Percentage of population Table 2-2: Duration of residence by background characteristics. Percentage of population Table 2-3: Place moved from by background characteristics. Percentage of those who moved in past 12 months Table 3-1: Orphanhood by background characteristics. Percentage of population 0-14 years.. 65 Table 3-2 Education and literacy status of orphans by background characteristics. Population aged 6-14 years Table 3-3: Prevalence of disability by background characteristics. Percentage of population Table 3-4: Table 3-5: Table 3-6: Literacy rate by disability according to background characteristics. Population aged 6 and above School attendance by disability according to background characteristics. Population aged 6 and above Economic Activity by disability according to background characteristics. Population aged 10 years and above Table 3-7: Kind of disability by background characteristics. Percentage of disabled population. 70 Table 4-1: Table 4-2: Table 4-3: Table 4-4: Table 4-5: Table 4-6: Literacy rates by background characteristics. Percentage of population aged 6 and above Gross attendance ratio by background characteristics. Percentage of school age population Net attendance ratio by background characteristics. Percentage of school age population School attendance by background characteristics. Percentage of population aged 6 and above School attendance by background characteristics. Percentage of population aged 15 and above Educational attainment by background characteristics. Percentage of population aged 6 and above vii

10 Table 4-7: Table 4-8: Table 4-9: Table 5-1: Table 5-2: Table 5-3: Table 5-4: Table 5-5: Table 5-6: Table 5-7: Table 5-8: Table 5-9: Table 5-10: Table 6-1 Table 6-2 Table 6-3 Table 6-4 Educational attainment by background characteristics. Percentage of population aged 15 and above Educational attainment by background characteristics. Percentage of population age 6 and above who have ever attended school Education attainment by background characteristics. Percentage of population age 15 and above who have ever attended school Labour force participation rate by background characteristics. Population aged 10 and above and population aged 15 and above Unemployment rate by background characteristics. Population aged 10 and above and population aged 15 and above Main occupational type by background characteristics. Percentage of population aged 10 and above who worked previously Main occupational type by background characteristics. Percentage of population aged 15 and above who worked previously Industry aggregates by background characteristics. Percentage of population aged 10 and above in work or who worked previously Industry aggregates by background characteristics. Percentage of population aged 15 and above who worked previously Employment status by background characteristics. Percentage of population aged 10 and above who worked previously. Percent Employment status by background characteristics. Percentage of population aged 15 and above who worked previously Main reason for not seeking work by background characteristics. Percentage of people aged 10 and above who did not work and did not seek work in previous 7 days Main reason for not seeking working by background characteristics. Percentage of people aged 15 and above who did not work and did not seek work in previous 7 days Marital status by age for Southern Sudan. Percentage of population aged 12 and above Marital status by age and sex for Southern Sudan. Percentage of population aged 12 and above Marital status by age and place of residence. Population aged 12 and above. Within age group percent Age at first marriage by background characteristics. Percent of population ever married Table 7-1: Women of reproductive age (12-54) by number of children ever born Table 7-2: Women of reproductive age (12-54) by number of male children ever born Table 7-3: Women of reproductive age (12-54) by number of female children ever born Table 7-4: Table 7-5: Table 7-6: Women of reproductive age (12-54) by number of children born in the twelve months before the census Women of reproductive age (12-54) by number of male children born in the twelve months before the census Women of reproductive age (12-54) by number of female children born in the twelve months before the census viii

11 Table 7-7: Table 7-8: Table 7-9: Women of reproductive age (12-54) by number of deaths of children born in the twelve months before the census Women of reproductive age (12-54) by number of deaths of male children born in the twelve months before the census Women of reproductive age (12-54) by number of deaths of female children born in the twelve months before the census Table 8-1: Type of dwelling by background characteristics. Percentage of households Table 8-2: Table 8-3: Number of rooms used for sleeping by background characteristics. Percentage of households Number of persons per room used for sleeping by background characteristics. Percentage of households Table 8-4: Housing tenure status by background characteristics. Percentage of households Table 8-5: Main source of drinking water by background characteristics. Percentage of households Table 8-6: Main source of lighting by background characteristics. Percentage of households Table 8-7: Table 8-8: Table 8-9: Table 8-10: Table 8-11: Table 9-1 Table 9-2 Table 9-3 Table 9-4 Main source of energy for cooking by background characteristics. Percentage of households Main type of toilet facility by background characteristics. Percentage of households with Main source of livelihood by background characteristics. Percentage of households Ownership of selected transport items by background characteristics. Percentage of households Ownership of selected consumer items by background characteristics. Percentage of households Households engaging in agricultural or husbandry activities by background characteristics. Percentage of households Tenure status of land used for cultivation by background characteristics. Percentage of households engaged in cultivation Crop type by background characteristics. Percentage of households engaged in cultivation Livestock holdings and animal type by background characteristics. Percentage of households with animal type and average holdings of those households with each animal Table 10-1 Reported deaths in the twelve months before the census by age group. Number Table 10-2 Table 10-3 Table 10-4 Table 10-5 Table 10-6: Reported deaths in the twelve months before the census by age group. Percentage of deaths Reported deaths caused by accident or act of violence in the twelve months before the census by age group. Number Reported deaths caused by accident or act of violence in the twelve months before the census by age group. Percentage of deaths Reported deaths of women aged during pregnancy or delivery in the twelve months before the census by age group. Number Reported deaths of women aged during pregnancy or delivery in the twelve months before the census by age group. Percentage of deaths ix

12 Acronyms CAMV CBS CEDEJ CPA CSPro DFID EA EU GIS GONU GOS GOSS GPS IDP LFQ MDTF MOC NBHS NGO OMR PCC SFQ SHHS SPHC SPLM/A SRRA/C SSCCSE TWG UNFPA UNMIS Computer assisted manual verification Central Bureau of Statistics Centre d Etudes et de Documentation Economiques Comprehensive Peace Agreement Census and Survey Processing System Department for International Development Enumeration area European Union Geographic Information System Government of National Unity Government of Sudan Government of Southern Sudan Global positioning system Internally displaced person Long form questionnaire Multi-Donor Trust Fund Monitoring and Observation Committee National Baseline Household Survey Non-governmental organization Optical Mark Recognition Population Census Council Short form questionnaire Sudan Household Health Survey Sudan Population and Housing Census South People s Liberation Movement/Army Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Association Southern Sudan Centre for Census, Statistics and Evaluation Technical Working Group United Nations Population Fund United Nations Mission in Sudan x

13 UNOPS USAID USCB USDA United Nations Office for Project Services United States Agency for International Development United States Census Bureau United States Department of Agriculture xi

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16 Foreword I am pleased to be able to present Southern Sudan Counts: Tables from the 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census, 2008, a publication of the Southern Sudan Centre for Census, Statistics and Evaluation (SSCCSE). The 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census carried out in 2008 was the largest statistical exercise ever carried out in Southern Sudan by Southerners, and its execution was one of the benchmarks provided under the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. The Census provides us not only with detailed information on population counts but on a variety of other indicators including education, livelihood, housing characteristics, and births and deaths, which are vital for evidence-based developmental policy. This is the first time that detailed tables on all sections of the 2008 Census appear together in a single publication. This report is complementary to other publications of the SSCCSE. Like the 2008 Population and Housing Census Atlas for Southern Sudan, the tables in this report are generated from the data collected during the 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census. The objective of this report is to provide a systematic and detailed description of all the data collected during the Census. I trust that in this regard, the information presented here will be informative to many actors for planning and research purposes, including GoSS Line Ministries, State governments, Development Partners and others of interest. The 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census, 2008 would not have been possible without financial and technical support from the international community. Generous funding was provided by the Multi- Donor Trust Fund (MDTF), USAID, DFID and many others right from planning to data processing and dissemination. I would also like to thank all users of statistics in Southern Sudan, who engage with us continuously and form the core audience of this publication. The content and format of this report is a direct response to requests from these users. I hope you find this publication informative. As always, we welcome any comments or suggestions aimed at improving the quality of our work. Isaiah Chol Aruai Chairperson, SSCCSE xiv

17 Acknowledgements While funding the 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census was largely the responsibility of the Government of National Unity (GONU) with a contribution from the Government of Southern Sudan (GOSS), generous support was received from the international community, and in particular the Multi- Donor Trust Fund (MDTF). Other important funding was provided by USAID, DFID, DANIDA, the European Union, French Cooperation and the Netherlands. SSCCSE also gratefully acknowledges the technical support provided by a large number of international actors. Under the terms of the CPA, UNFPA was charged with co-ordination of census activities between the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) in the North and SSCCSE in the South, and with managing the distribution of MDTF funds. Invaluable technical assistance was received from other UN bodies, including UNMIS, which assisted in distribution and retrieval of enumeration material and UNOPS, active in construction and procurement. US agencies were also important partners: the United States Census Bureau (USCB) and USDA were actively involved in planning the census, and the USAID/ Deloitte Sudan Core Institutions project was vital at the data processing stage. Other critical technical assistance was received from CEDEJ, French Cooperation and Statistics Norway. xv

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19 Background and Mandate of the Southern Sudan Centre for Census, Statistics and Evaluation (SSCCSE) The Southern Sudan Centre for Census, Statistics and Evaluation (SSCCSE) is the official statistical agency of the Government of Southern Sudan and is mandated to collect, analyse and disseminate all official economic, social and demographic statistics. Its origins lie in the Database and Monitoring Unit of the Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Association (SRRA), which dates back to In 2004, the SRRA Database and Monitoring Unit was officially transformed into the New Sudan Centre for Statistics and Evaluation (NSCSE) and, after the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in 2005, it became SSCCSE. Under the provisions of the CPA and the Interim Constitution of Southern Sudan, SSCCSE was assigned responsibility for conducting the Southern Sudan section of the 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census in While the 2008 Census remains the largest undertaking by the SSCCSE, it has carried out other large high-profile surveys, most notably the 2006 and 2010 rounds of the Sudan Household Health Survey (SHHS), which generated health indicators such as child malnutrition and mortality, and the National Baseline Household Survey (NBHS), 2009, which generated poverty estimates based on consumption patterns. Introduction The 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census (SPHC 2008) was carried out in April-May After more than two decades of civil war, the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People s Liberation Movement (SPLM) signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in January The CPA specified three milestones on the road to peace. The first of these milestones was the Census, scheduled for 2007 but conducted in The second was the national elections, which took place in The final milestone is the referendum, scheduled to take place in 2011, in which Southern Sudan will vote on whether to remain part of a united Sudan or become independent. There were two principal reasons for conducting the 2008 Census. The first was to determine power sharing in the Government of National Unity (Article of the CPA). The second was for planning purposes: in a country damaged by more than twenty years of civil war, it is vital for prioritysetting in development policy to assess the location and extent of deprivation. In line with these two objectives, as well as gathering information on the geographical distribution of the Sudanese population, the 2008 Census included data on other key indicators on education, livelihoods, housing and household characteristics and births and deaths. Because of controversy surrounding population counts in the states of Northern Sudan, the results were not used as the basis for power-sharing. They are nonetheless being used in development planning in Southern Sudan, and will be vital in this regard in the coming years. The objective of this report is to present the data collected during the 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census in a thorough and systematic way. The 2008 Census consisted of two parts: a short form questionnaire (SFQ), administered to everyone in the population, and a long form questionnaire (LFQ), administered to a sample of the population. The short form questionnaire contains ten questions on sex, age, place of residence, nationality, duration of residence and place of birth. The long form questionnaire contains information on births and deaths, as well as modules on education, economic activity and housing characteristics. This report contains detailed tables produced using data collected from both sources. While priority tables using data from the census were released in 2009, this is the first time that tables from all the modules of the census will be published together. 1

20 History of Census-taking in Southern Sudan Before independence from British rule in 1956, estimates of Sudan s population were generated for taxation purposes, but no comprehensive census was ever carried out. Since independence, there have been five censuses, in , 1973, 1983, 1993 and In 1956, the enumerated population of what is now Southern Sudan was 2.76 million. Questions on tribal affiliation were asked, but dropped from later censuses to avoid controversy. The 1973 census was postponed six years from its planned date of 1966 due to war between the North and South and the published results were revised several times due to undercounting. The total for Southern Sudan, adjusted upwards from the original count, was 2.95 million. In 1983, the enumerated population of Southern Sudan was 5.54 million. The 1993 Census occurred during the second civil war between North and South Sudan. As a result, enumeration in the South occurred only in the three urban areas of Juba, Wau and Malakal and the population of Southern Sudan was grossly under-counted as a result. The 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census in 2008 was the first census conducted as a joint exercise between North and South. The enumerated population of Southern Sudan was 8.26 million, almost double the figure from All censuses in Sudan have been affected by similar challenges, principally insecurity and the difficulties of reaching people in remote areas. While the 2008 census still faced these challenges, insecurity was much reduced compared with 1993, and sophisticated GIS mapping and the use of helicopters to reach remote villages allowed for a much more precise estimate of the population of Southern Sudan than ever before. Questionnaire Content, Sampling and Methodology A technical working group (TWG) convened in Port Sudan in 2005 determined the majority of the content of the census questionnaires. The short form questionnaire (SFQ) is designed to provide data on population by basic demographic characteristics at national level and down to the level of the lowest administrative districts. It contains 10 questions on age, sex, nationality, place of birth and state of usual residence. In addition to these 10 questions, the long form questionnaire (LFQ) includes more detailed modules on housing, migration, education, labour force participation, fertility, mortality, agriculture and animal husbandry. Initially, the census questionnaire was to contain a question on ethnicity and another on religion: the office of the Presidency removed these in March 2007 and replaced them with a question on region of origin. The pre-enumeration sampling plan, agreed by the TWG at Port Sudan in 2005, was to administer the short form questionnaire (SFQ) to households in 90 percent of enumeration areas and the long form questionnaire (LFQ) to households in 10 percent of enumeration areas. Private households, internally displaced persons and refugees within this 10% of EAs were all supposed to receive the LFQ. The sampling frame for the 10 percent sample was generated using pre-enumeration mapping. EAs were stratified according to whether they were urban/rural, and then by geographic code (state, county, payam, boma, EA) within each stratum. EAs were selected with equal probability from this ordered frame, with post-enumeration weights to capture differences in population between the different EAs. Actual sampling did not strictly follow the pre-enumeration plan: only in 65% of the EAs originally designated LFQ EAs were any long form questionnaires administered. While this may have introduced a bias into which households were administered the LFQ, post-enumeration GIS mapping found no obvious gaps in geographical or demographic coverage. Technical assistance from USDA was required to re-work the population weights for LFQ households based on the realized sample. The cleaned and edited long-form Census dataset contains 91,449 households, and 542,765 individuals. The realized LFQ sample is therefore 6.5 percent of total households enumerated in Southern Sudan. The sample includes private households, internally displaced persons, nomads and refugees, but excludes cattle camps, institutional households, homeless people and overnight travelers. The weighted sample is representative of a total of 1.28 million households and 7.65 million individuals, which is 92.5 percent of the population of Southern Sudan Implementation Implementation of the 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census in Southern Sudan occurred in three main stages: pre-enumeration, enumeration and post-enumeration. Planning the census was a joint effort between North and South, with budget, work plan and questionnaire content decided by bodies containing representatives from the North and South, as well as external experts. 2

21 1. Pre-enumeration (January April 2008) Pre-enumeration in Southern Sudan involved three broad tasks. The first was to develop the institutional capacity of the South to conduct a census. The second was to map out all enumeration areas in Southern Sudan.. The third was to plan in detail the enumeration and post-enumeration phases of the census. Building the institutional capacity of the South involved physical capital accumulation and training. High priorities were the purchase of vehicles, computers, GPS devices and satellite phones and the construction of a building at Rumbek to house data processing activities. Intensive training activities were conducted for all levels of SSCCSE staff from 2005 onwards. Enumeration area mapping in advance of the census was conducted using the quick count method: enumerators made a tally count of number of households in villages and collected GPS co-ordinates for key facilities. Prior estimates of the population of Southern Sudan were not precise enough to make a traditional listing in which all households are individually listed in advance of the census, feasible. As well as being essential for enumeration to take place, mapping of enumeration areas allowed for more precise planning of the enumeration period. Several bodies were involved in planning the Census, including the Population Census Council (PCC) with overall executive control, a Technical Work Group (TWG), and a Financial Committee (FC) charged with disbursing funds. With a budget and work plan in place, a pilot census took place from April 2007 covering all ten states of Southern Sudan and 1000 households in total. After the pilot census, the Census budget for Southern Sudan was revised upwards to reflect greater than expected transport times and costs. 2. Enumeration (22 April May 2008) The enumeration phase involved four tasks: firstly, the recruitment and training of field staff, secondly, the deployment of enumerators and census material, thirdly the administering of the questionnaires to all households and fourthly the retrieval of census materials to the point of data processing. 14,252 temporary field staff were recruited to work on the Census. Training followed the cascade approach: principal trainers were trained in Juba in February These trainers then trained state and county level supervisors, who trained the enumerators in March-April Census materials were packed in a temporary warehouse in Juba, and distributed throughout Southern Sudan beginning 5 March Actual enumeration was postponed from the planned date of November 2007, because of problems of procuring and distributing census materials. Enumeration started on 22 April 2007 and continued for two weeks. Security measures were taken to protect enumerators, including the deployment of security personnel alongside enumerators in the states of Southern Sudan. Members of the Monitoring and Observation Committee (MOC) were deployed to monitor enumeration. Census material retrieval was jeopardized in some states by early rains: UNMIS assisted with retrieval of questionnaires from inaccessible regions of Jonglei, Upper Nile and Warrap. All census material had arrived in Rumbek for data capture and processing by July 29, Post-enumeration (6 May 2008-ongoing) This phase of the census can be divided as follows: data capture from the questionnaires, key correction and editing of the data, and lastly tabulation and dissemination. Data capture was carried out by scanning individual questionnaires and using optical mark recognition (OMR) software to convert the image files into ASCII data file. Verification was carried out using computer assisted manual verification (CAMV): priorities were GIS correction, correcting faulty geo-codes so that every questionnaire corresponded to a geographical location and key correction, ensuring that the key variables of sex, age and relationship to head of household were present for every respondent, using visual checks of 29,235 problem questionnaires and imputation where information was missing or incorrectly filled in. Further editing was carried out to ensure consistency in skip patterns (so, for example, a respondent who had never been to school did not have an entry for educational qualifications). Priority tables, tabulating population by state and county and by age and sex were produced in These have been in use since for demarcation of boundaries during the 2009 elections and for planning purposes at the GOSS and state levels. A full SFQ and LFQ tabulation plan was drafted by CBS and SSCCSE jointly during The SSCCSE developed this plan further, and produced the census tabulation that appears here during October Staff members from SSCCSE are currently working together with Har- 3

22 vard University to produce a Census monograph, with detailed analysis of Census data. Challenges Some particular challenges to the Census effort in Southern Sudan are outlined below: Early rains: In the states of Eastern Equatoria, Jonglei, Unity and Warrap early rains rendered some areas inaccessible, and resulted in the death of one enumerator. Insecurity: Insecurity disrupted enumeration in Warrap (Abyei), Lakes State and Upper Nile, and resulted in damage to and theft of questionnaires. Additionally, movement of persons due to fighting made some communities difficult to locate. Most information from damaged questionnaires was manually transcribed and was thus retained in the final census figures. Transport: Despite the deployment of 115 motor vehicles, 75 boats, motorcycles and bicycles to the field by SSCCSE, transport was inadequate for effective supervision of all enumerators, especially in areas with poor road infrastructure. Mapping: Field mapping in Lakes, Central Equatoria, and Western Equatoria was completed more than a year before enumeration. During enumeration, it was discovered that a significant number of new villages had appeared, which did not appear in the EA maps. Shortage of questionnaires: Initial estimates suggested that 75% of the questionnaires distributed in Southern Sudan should be in English and 25% in Arabic, but during pre-enumeration it became clear that more English questionnaires would be required. This became an issue of contention with the North, and was only partly resolved by an exchange of surplus Arabic questionnaires from the South with surplus English questionnaires from the North. Boundary and border disputes: In Central Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria, Western Equatoria and Jonglei disputes between communities over administrative boundaries led to some households refusing enumeration. This was usually resolved once it was made clear that census boundaries would not be used for administrative purposes. Communications: Despite the purchase of satellite phones, communication between HQ and workers in the field was limited. This resulted in delays, inadequate supervision, and the failure to distribute long form questionnaires according to the sampling plan. Key Indicators This section provides a brief overview of key indicators from the census tables. Where the figures correspond with a Millennium Development Goal Indicators, this is given in brackets. Population Total population of Southern Sudan is 8,260,490, of which 4,287,300 are male and 3,973,190 are female Southern Sudan is 17% urban and 83% rural The most populous state is Jonglei, with 1,358,602 people and 16% of the total population. The least populous is Western Bahr El Ghazal, with 333,431 and 4% of the total population 32% of the population is under 10, 51% is under 18 and 72% is under 30 The average number of members in a private household in Southern Sudan is 7 Migration 4% of the total population were born outside Southern Sudan. The states with the highest percentage of people born outside Southern Sudan are Central Equatoria and Western Bahr El Ghazal, with 7% and 6% respectively born outside Southern Sudan Orphanhood and Disability 2% of children aged below 14 are orphans, but in Unity this figure is 5% 27% of orphans (children with both parents dead) aged are currently attending school compared with 31% of children aged whose parents are both alive. The ratio of attendance of orphans to non-orphans is 0.86 (MDG indicator number 20) Education Literacy rate for the population aged 6 and above is 29%. In urban areas, literacy rate of people aged 6 and above is 51%, com- 4

23 pared with 24% in rural areas. The state with the highest literacy rate for people aged 6 and above is Central Equatoria at 58% and the lowest is Warrap at 13% Literacy rate for males aged is 44%, compared with 30% for females. The ratio of literacy rates of females aged to males aged is 0.67 (MDG indicator number 10) Net attendance ratio of children aged 6-13 in primary school is 31% (related to MDG indicator number 6); for males it is 33% and for females 29%. Net attendance ratio in primary education is highest in Central Equatoria at 64% and lowest in Warrap at 11%. The ratio of girls to boys is 0.78 in primary education, 0.48 in secondary education and 0.46 in tertiary education (MDG indicator number 9). 71% of the population of Southern Sudan aged 6 and above has never been to school. 65% of males have never been to school and 77% of females. 91% of the population have no qualifications, 5% have some primary qualification and 4% have secondary or higher qualifications Economic Activity Labour force participation rate for the population of Southern Sudan aged 15 and above is 74%: 77% for males and 72% for females Unemployment rate for the population aged 15 and above is 12%: 11% for males and 13% for females 63% of those aged 15 and above who are working or who worked previously were employed in agriculture, animal husbandry or fishery. For those who have attained secondary school qualifications or higher, the percentage employed in agriculture drops to 24%, with another 24% employed in public administration. 13% of those aged 15 and above who are working or who worked previously were paid employees, 37% were own account workers and 42% were unpaid family workers. Marriage The average age at first marriage for males is 23 years old and for females is 19 years old. Housing The percentage of households in Southern Sudan with access to an improved drinking source (filtering station, mechanical borehole or hand pump) is 48%; the percentage of the population in these households is 50% (MDG indicator 30). The percentage of households in Southern Sudan using solid fuels is 98%; the percentage of the population in these households is 99% (MDG indicator 29) The percentage of households with sustainable access to improved sanitation (pit latrine or flush toilet) is 24% and the percentage of the population in these households is 24% (MDG indicator 31) The percentage of households for which the main source of livelihood is subsistence agriculture is 74%. This is highest in Western Equatoria (90%) and lowest in Upper Nile (57%) The percentage of households owning either a mobile phone or fixed phone is 9%: 23% in urban areas and 4% in rural areas. Cultivation 81% of households in Southern Sudan are engaged in cultivation. In Warrap, 90% of households are engaged in cultivation where as in Western Bahr El Ghazal, the fraction is 63%. 74% of households own livestock. In Warrap, this is 87% where as in Western Bahr El Ghazal this is only 44% Tables The source of the tables in section 1 is the SFQ. Tables 2-1 and 2-2 are taken from the SFQ and table 2-3 is taken from the LFQ. The tables in the remaining 8 sections are from the LFQ. Where possible, tables appear in the order of questions in the Census questionnaire for ease of use. In each table, outcome of interest (e.g. literacy rate, source of livelihood) is tabulated against a standard set of background characteristics, described below. 5

24 Background characteristics The standard background characteristics in the tables are as follows: urban/rural area, sex, age group, educational attainment, sex of household head, educational attainment of household head, occupational status of household head and state of enumeration. Since there is no information on income or consumption in the Census data, head of household variables proxy for the socioeconomic status of the household Educational attainment categories are as follows: never attended school, no qualifications, primary, secondary or higher. In the no qualifications category are those who are currently attending school and have not completed primary qualifications or who have previously attended school but attained no qualifications. Also in this category are those with the khalwa qualification. In the primary category are those who are currently attending or who have previously attended school and whose highest level of attainment is Primary 4, 6, or 8 or Junior 3 or 4. In the secondary or higher category are those whose highest level of attainment is Secondary 3, 4, 5, or 6, post secondary diploma, university first degree, postgraduate diploma, masters degree, or Ph.D degree. In the economic activity section, educational attainment is split into the following categories: never attended, currently attending, no qualifications, primary and secondary or higher. Here, all those who are currently attending school, whatever their attainment level are grouped into currently attending. The categories no qualifications, primary and secondary or higher only include those who have previously attended school. Definitions Age specific fertility rate: The mean number of children born in a single year to a woman in a particular age category. Calculated by dividing reported births in the last twelve months by number of women in the relevant age category. Here AS- FRs were calculated for women aged 12-14, 15-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, and Crude birth rate: Number of live births in year preceding the census per thousand people enumerated. Dependency ratio (child): Number of children under 15 in the population expressed as a percentage of adult population (15-64) Dependency ratio (old): Number of people aged 65 and above expressed as a percentage of adult population (15-64) Dependency ratio (overall): Number of children and people aged 65 and above expressed as a percentage of adult population (15-64) Gross attendance ratio (primary): Number of people attending primary school expressed as a percentage of the total number of children aged 6-13 Gross attendance ratio (secondary): Number of people attending secondary school expressed as a percentage of the total number of children aged Improved water source: Drinking water supply from filtering station, mechanical borehole or hand pump Infant mortality rate: Number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1000 live births. Calculated by dividing the number of deaths of individuals aged less than 1 by the number of live births reported in the 12 months preceding the census. Labour force participation rate for population aged 10 and above (15 and above): Percentage of total population aged 10 or above (15 and above) who are in work, have a job to go back to or are seeking work Literacy rate: Percentage of population that can read and write a simple sentence in any language Net attendance ratio (primary): Number of children aged 6-13 attending primary school expressed as a percentage of the total number of children aged 6-13 Net attendance ratio (secondary): Number of children aged attending secondary school expressed as a percentage of the total number of children aged Orphan: Child under 14 whose parents are both dead Total fertility rate: The mean number of children that would be born to each woman in her reproductive lifetime if she were certain to live from age and if she were to experience the current age specific fertility rates at each stage of her reproductive lifetime. Calculated by summing the age-specific birth rates for the following age categories. 6

25 Under-5 mortality rate: Number of deaths of children under the age of 5 per 1000 live births. Calculated by dividing the number of deaths of individuals aged less than 5 by the number of live births reported in the 12 months preceding the census. Unemployment rate: Percentage of those active in the labour force who are not in work and do not have a job to go back to but are actively seeking work 7

26 8

27 1. Population Table 1-1: Southern Sudan Population Distribution by State, Place of Residence and State Urban/rural Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Southern Sudan 754, ,100 1,405,186 3,533,214 3,322,090 6,855,304 4,287,300 3,973,190 8,260,490 Upper Nile 130, , , , , , , , ,353 Jonglei 69,636 59, , , ,570 1,229, , ,275 1,358,602 Unity 63,677 57, , , , , , , ,801 Warrap 45,055 39,832 84, , , , , , ,928 Northern Bahr El 30,134 25,264 55, , , , , , ,898 Ghazal W estern Bahr El 75,597 67, , ,443 89, , , , ,431 Ghazal Lakes 35,248 29,785 65, , , , , , ,730 Western Equatoria 51,425 48, , , , , , , ,029 Central Equatoria 210, , , , , , , ,835 1,103,557 Eastern Equatoria 42,419 38,001 80, , , , , , ,161 Table 1-2: Urban/rural population distribution by state. Percentage of population State Total Urban Rural Total Southern Sudan Upper Nile Jonglei Unity Warrap Northern Bahr El Ghazal Western Bahr El Ghazal Lakes Western Equatoria Central Equatoria Eastern Equatoria

28 Table 1-3: Southern Sudan Population Distribution by Age group, Place of Residence and Urban/rural Age group Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Total 754, ,100 1,405,186 3,533,214 3,322,090 6,855,304 4,287,300 3,973,190 8,260, , , , , ,554 1,085, , ,704 1,304, ,760 94, , , ,055 1,101, , ,431 1,297, ,981 75, , , , , , ,853 1,057, ,602 72, , , , , , , , ,336 69, , , , , , , , ,445 65, , , , , , , , ,705 44, , , , , , , , ,346 38,498 87, , , , , , , ,444 25,201 58, , , , , , , ,316 19,289 45, , , , , , , ,548 14,322 31,870 87,264 78, , ,812 92, , ,557 7,963 18,520 57,288 45, ,275 67,845 53, , ,849 7,674 16,523 55,387 43,721 99,108 64,236 51, , ,071 12,502 26, ,949 75, , ,020 88, ,084 Table 1-4: Southern Sudan Population Distribution by Age group, Place of Residence and Urban/rural Age group Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Total

29 Table 1-5: Southern Sudan Adult Age Population Distribution by States State Adult Age Below 18 years 18 years and above Total Southern Sudan 4,187,874 4,072,616 8,260,490 State Upper Nile 493, , ,353 Jonglei 690, ,124 1,358,602 Unity 320, , ,801 Warrap 509, , ,928 Northern Bahr El Ghazal 382, , ,898 Western Bahr El Ghazal 160, , ,431 Lakes 344, , ,730 Western Equatoria 278, , ,029 Central Equatoria 537, ,490 1,103,557 Eastern Equatoria 470, , ,161 Table 1-6: Age Dependency Ratio by State Background Characteristics Child Dependency Ratio(0-14) Age Dependency Ratio Old Dependency Ratio(65+) Overall Dependency Ratio Urban/Rural Southern Sudan Urban Rural State Upper Nile Jonglei Unity Warrap Northern Bahr El Ghazal Western Bahr El Ghazal Lakes Western Equatoria Central Equatoria Eastern Equatoria Table 1-7: Southern Sudan Population Distribution by Nationality and Nationality Male Female Total Nationality Total 4,287,300 3,973,190 8,260,490 Sudanese 4,258,440 3,962,932 8,221,372 Egyptian 1,904 1,441 3,345 Libyan Eritrean Ethiopian ,439 Ugandan 10,050 3,750 13,800 Kenyan 4, ,390 Congolese - DRC 1,722 1,160 2,882 Chadian Central African 1,379 1,243 2,622 Nigerian Malian Chinese 1, ,761 Indian 1, ,865 Other Countries 4, ,604 11