No sweet 16 for the USD

Transcription

1 No sweet 16 for the USD GBP corrected if Brexit rejected March 2016 David Bloom FX Strategist, HSBC Bank plc Issuer of report: HSBC plc. Disclosures & Disclaimer: This report must be read with the disclosures and the analyst certifications in the Disclosure appendix, and with the Disclaimer, which forms part of it

2 2. USD to weaken We expect the Fed tightening cycle will now see the USD weaken, not strengthen History shows the USD weakens once the Fed starts to hike rates We believe the conversation about the pace of Fed hikes will retain a very dovish tone in 2016 The Fed may mirror the experience of other central banks that have tried to raise rates post-crisis

3 3. The market vs the Fed Median Fed dot Market x x x Year end 2016 Year end 2017 Year end 2018 Fed funds rate (%)

4 4. G10: FX hypersensitive to rates G10 FX is more sensitive to interest rate expectations today than at any time over the last 15 years This has serious implications for monetary policy The currency market is correct to be obsessed with Central Bank policy and expected policy differentials

5 5. EUR-USD vs 1Y1Y Interest Rate Differential

6 6. FX move expected in response to 100bp shift in US rate expectations. Currency pair Response to shift in US rate expectations EURUSD -6.6% USDJPY 5.4% NZDUSD -4.6% USDCAD 4.3% AUDUSD -3.6% GBPUSD -3.9%

7 7. The FOMC have consistently lowered their dots Mean average of Fed dots by meeting date Dec-14 Mar-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Year end 2015 Year end 2016 Year end 2017 Year end Fed funds rate (%) Source: Federal Reserve, HSBC

8 8. The USD falls post the first rate rise DXY Index from the date of the first Fed hike Dec Feb Jun Jun Trading days

9 9. Path to FX weakness Whilst the specific details vary between countries, the general path is: 1. Rate hikes 2. Weakening economy and low inflation concerns 3. Rate cuts a much weaker exchange rate and/or: 4. QE or other measures for looser policy 5. Further FX weakness

10 10. Post-2008, rates lower followed by reversals Average bp rise prior to the crisis Latest bp rise Latest bp cut Germany/ECB Canada Australia New Zealand Norway Sweden

11 11. Post-2008 crisis rate reversals 3. Post-crisis policy reversals have become commonplace Region Hike First Cut QE Eurozone Sweden Norway Australia New Zealand Japan 06 08

12 12. EUR Roadmap The ECB drove the currency down from 1.40 Can the ECB keep repeating the trick? Unlikely the ECB is constrained USD weakness likely from a shortened Fed hike cycle A constrained ECB + USD weakness = EUR strength

13 13. The ECB s QE programme is small compared to other regions % GDP Total asset purchases Balance sheet BoJ Fed BoE ECB % GDP

14 14. Bank of Japan: Beyond QE The BoJ has shifted away from further QE to deposit rate cuts, due in part to: The limited supply of JPY assets providing operational constraints The increasingly limited effectiveness of large-scale QE However, we still see USD-JPY at 115 by the end of 2016: There is a lack of evidence to suggest that negative rates impact FX long-term We believe that the market s continued faith in the Kuroda put of 115 will prevent an excessive long-term appreciation of the yen Source: HSBC

15 15. The BoJ managed to weaken the JPY in two separate phases Sep '12 QE Apr '13: doubling monetary base USD-JPY ~12% depreciation ~25% depreciation Oct '14: Small rise in QE Sep-12 Dec-12 Apr-13 Aug-13 Dec-13 Apr-14 Aug-14 Dec-14 Apr-15 Aug

16 16. BoJ balance sheet is enormous % GDP 80 Balance sheet % GDP BoJ ECB 0

17 17. Negative rates: always and everywhere FX markets have so far been indifferent to negative rates because: 1. Negative rates are no different to negative carry on FX trades this has been around forever 2. FX pairs respond to interest rate differentials. But it is the absolute numerical differential that matters 3. Negative rates imply policy exhaustion. For the EUR and JPY they have been viewed as an alternative to QE Source: HSBC

18 18. Negative rates meant nothing in Switzerland 1.25 EUR-CHF Dec 18th: SNB cut rates 25bp to -0.25% Jan 15th: Peg breaks and SNB implement -0.75% rates Oct-14 Dec-14 Feb-15 Apr-15 Jun-15 Aug-15 Oct-15 Dec-15 Feb-16

19 19. Negative rates have not helped weaken the SEK NOK-SEK (LHS) Negative rates and QE Negative rates only Exp Dec'16 3M rate diffs (NO-SW), RHS QE only Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug-15 Sep-15 Oct-15 Nov-15 Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16

20 20. QE succeeds where negative rates fail EUR-USD QE only Negative rates only Feb-15 Apr-15 Jun-15 Aug-15 Oct-15 Dec-15 Feb

21 21. The BoJ s experience mirrors that of the ECB USD-JPY QE only Negative rates only Sep-14 Dec-14 Mar-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec

22 22. China not part of the failed currency wars Currency wars have failed They have not brought higher growth or higher inflation USD, EUR, JPY, GBP, SEK plus many others have all tried and failed The market keeps thinking China will try solve its growth and inflation problems by following a failed path Yes, we think the RMB will weaken mildly This is about capital account liberalisation and cyclical flows Not a deliberate attempt to weaken the currency

23 23. China needs to re-confront the impossible trinity Source: HSBC

24 24. FX movements: what are the drivers? Cyclical Political Structural

25 25. Cable: BREXIT scenario analysis No "Brexit" "Brexit" Rates rise in line Rates rise sooner???? Source: HSBC

26 26. GBP political risk gets early traction 0.60 Expected Dec'16 3M rate differentials (UK-US), LHS GBP-USD Jan-13 May-13 Sep-13 Jan-14 May-14 Sep-14 Jan-15 May-15 Sep-15 Jan %

27 27. Rate differentials drive GBP 1.60 GBP-USD Expected 4 periods ahead rate differentials (UK-US), RHS Post-election GBP rally realigns IRD and FX GBP-USD ~3.9% below IRD-implied level, in the month before election 1.45 Jan-15 Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 May

28 28. Cable: scenario analysis No "Brexit" "Brexit" Rates rise in line +9% Rates rise sooner Source: HSBC

29 29. The UK s twin deficits Fiscal balance (% Current Account Twin deficits GDP) (% GDP) RUB HUF MYR NZD CAD IDR CLP TRY MXN ZAR BRL

30 30. Huddling gives warmth Source: Wikicommons, HSBC

31 31. The UK twin deficits Budget Balance (% of GDP) NOK G10 Emerging markets "Fragile Five" 5.0 NZD CAD TRY -5.0 AUD USD IDR ZAR INR EUR Current Account (% of GDP) -5.0 BRL JPY SEK CHF

32 32. Public EU sentiment Remain in EU (%) Leave EU (%) Sep-10 Jul-11 May-12 Mar-13 Jan-14 Nov-14 Sep Source: YouGov, HSBC

33 33. but the bookies see Brexit as less likely Bookmaker #1 Bookmaker #2 Bookmaker #3 No Brexit 2/5 4/11 4/9 Brexit 7/4 15/8 19/10 Implied probability of Brexit 36% 35% 34% Source: Oddschecker, HSBC

34 34. Cable: scenario analysis No "Brexit" "Brexit" Rates rise in line +9% -20% Rates rise sooner Source: HSBC

35 35. The GBP tends to appreciate after a BoE hike th Sep th Oct th Sep th Nov rd August Trading days GBP trade-weighted index from date of first BoE hike

36 36. GBP bullish beyond Brexit Dec '16 expected rate differentials (UK-US), LHS GBP-USD HSBC forecast for 3m rate differential Sep-12 Feb-13 Jul-13 Dec-13 May-14 Oct-14 Mar-15 Aug-15 Jan-16 Q4-16(f) Jun-16 X X 9% Q4-17(f) %

37 37. GBP the bounce 1.60 Source: HSBC

38 Disclosure appendix Analyst Certification The following analyst(s), economist(s), and/or strategist(s) who is(are) primarily responsible for this report, certifies(y) that the opinion(s) on the subject security(ies) or issuer(s) and/or any other views or forecasts expressed herein accurately reflect their personal view(s) and that no part of their compensation was, is or will be directly or indirectly related to the specific recommendation(s) or views contained in this research report: David Bloom Important Disclosures This document has been prepared and is being distributed by the Research Department of HSBC and is intended solely for the clients of HSBC and is not for publication to other persons, whether through the press or by other means. This document is for information purposes only and it should not be regarded as an offer to sell or as a solicitation of an offer to buy the securities or other investment products mentioned in it and/or to participate in any trading strategy. Advice in this document is general and should not be construed as personal advice, given it has been prepared without taking account of the objectives, financial situation or needs of any particular investor. Accordingly, investors should, before acting on the advice, consider the appropriateness of the advice, having regard to their objectives, financial situation and needs. If necessary, seek professional investment and tax advice. Certain investment products mentioned in this document may not be eligible for sale in some states or countries, and they may not be suitable for all types of investors. Investors should consult with their HSBC representative regarding the suitability of the investment products mentioned in this document and take into account their specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs before making a commitment to purchase investment products. The value of and the income produced by the investment products mentioned in this document may fluctuate, so that an investor may get back less than originally invested. Certain high-volatility investments can be subject to sudden and large falls in value that could equal or exceed the amount invested. Value and income from investment products may be adversely affected by exchange rates, interest rates, or other factors. Past performance of a particular investment product is not indicative of future results. HSBC and its affiliates will from time to time sell to and buy from customers the securities/instruments, both equity and debt (including derivatives) of companies covered in HSBC Research on a principal or agency basis. Analysts, economists, and strategists are paid in part by reference to the profitability of HSBC which includes investment banking, sales & trading, and principal trading revenues. Whether, or in what time frame, an update of this analysis will be published is not determined in advance. For disclosures in respect of any company mentioned in this report, please see the most recently published report on that company available at Additional disclosures 1 This report is dated as at 18 February All market data included in this report are dated as at close 18 February 2016, unless otherwise indicated in the report. 3 HSBC has procedures in place to identify and manage any potential conflicts of interest that arise in connection with its Research business. HSBC's analysts and its other staff who are involved in the preparation and dissemination of Research operate and have a management reporting line independent of HSBC's Investment Banking business. Information Barrier procedures are in place between the Investment Banking, Principal Trading, and Research businesses to ensure that any confidential and/or price sensitive information is handled in an appropriate manner.

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