Liquid Fertilizer combining Sulfur with other Key Crop Nutrients
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1 Liquid Fertilizers Thiosulfates Liquid Fertilizer combining Sulfur with other Key Crop Nutrients Product Formula Nutrients Density ph Potassium thiosulfate Calcium thiosulfate Ammonium thiosulfate Magnesium thiosulfate K 2 S 2 O 3 25% K 2 O & 17% S CaS 2 O 3 6% Ca & 10% S (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 3 12% N & 26% S MgS 2 O 3 4% Mg & 10% S All products are homogeneous clear liquids As liquids, dissolution is instantaneous Neutral ph gives wide compatibility with other liquid fertilizers and crop protection products All are odourless and easy to handle 1
2 S NH 4 NH 4 O S O O Ammonium Thiosulfate
3 Fertilizer Product Ammonium Thiosulfate ( NH4)2S2O S Typical ph- 7.2 to 8.0 Compatible with APP and UAN Major use- Liquid sulfur addition to UAN and starter fertilizers S
4 Official Fertilizer Definition* Ammonium Thiosulfate (fertilizer grade) is a commercial product composed principally of (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 3. It is a nitrification inhibitor. * Official Publication, Association of American Plant Food Control Officials, No.55, (Emphasis added.)
5 BROADCAST GROUP TESSENDERLO The Specialty Liquid Fertilizer People TM
6 % Nitrate Inhibition Nitrification Inhibitor Effect on UAN %THIO-SUL in UAN Goos, R.J Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49:
7 THIO-SUL compared to N-Serve Soil NH 4 -ppm N Wheat Treatment Liters/ha 21 DAT 7 MAT Yld. Kg/ha % N Recovery Control N-Serve N-Serve THIO-SUL Least Significant Difference Goos, R.J. and B.E. Johnson Agron. J. 91: (N-Serve is a trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC.)
8 THIO-SUL compared to AGROTAIN Treatment Ammonia Loss (mg N) UAN UAN + 10% UAN + AGROTAIN Grant, C.A Can J. Soil Sci. 76: (AGROTAIN is a registered trademark AGROTAIN International LLC.)
9 ATS Fertigation Sprinklers: 1 to 5 gal/acre for vegetables and row crops - 5 to 10 gal/acre Trees - 2 to 4 gal/acre Vines Flood: - 5 to 10 gal/acre for row crops, vegetables, trees and vines
10 ATS Fertigation Drip: Drip tape & subsurface drip 1 to 2 gal/acre for vegetables and row crops Subsurface - 2 to 4 gal/acre Trees & vines Drippers & mini sprinklers - 6 to 8 gal/acre for trees & vines
11 Calcium Thiosulfate Chemical Formula - CaS203 Clear Liquid 6% soluble Calcium (0.63 lbs/gal ) 10% sulfur as thiosulfate (1.04 lb/gal ) 10.4 lbs/gallon ( gals/ton ) ph = 7.0
12 CaTS Soil Amendment Sodic Soil: CaS 2 O 3 + 2O 2 + CaCO 3 + 4NaX 2CaX + 2Na 2 SO 4 + CO 2
13 %age change Liquid Fertilizers Calcium Thiosulfate for Soil Ammendment Calcium thiosulfate can improve soils by Displacing bound potassium making it available to the plants Improving water infiltration via floculation in soils where sodium levels are high enough to defloculate soil clay particles And/or where irrigation water is low in salts having an electrical conductivty (EC) of below 0.4 mmhos/cm Defloculated (dispersed) soil clay particles plug soil pores impeding water infiltration and soil drainage Soil ammendement trial One acre of citrus grove treated Weekly treatment over 10 weeks 1 gal/ac CaTs verus 1500 lbs/ac gypsum Comparison of water soluble calcium in gypsum vs calcium thiosulfate % Ca Solubility (%) Kg Soluble Ca / mt product Gypsum Floculated Gypsum Dispersed Changes in soil analysis after 10 weekly applications of Gypsum versus calcium thiosulfate CaTs CEC Ca CEC Mg CEC Na SAR Calcium thiosulfate Gypsum 5.5% -9.7% -9% 10.5% CaTs 15.3% -18% -4.5% -28% 13
14 % Amm. Loss (Cum CaTs Ammonia Volatility Study, Univ. of Illinois Ammonia Volatilization Study, DSAC 2006 Willis Thornsberry, Jr., Ph.D., Consultant UAN UAN+CaTs UAN+NBPT UAN+AgPlus Days
15 CaTs Application Rates o Sprinkler Irrigation: Young trees and vines: 3 8 gal/acre Mature trees and vines: 5 10 gal/acre Flood and Furrow: Row crops: gal/acre Trees and vines: gal/acre Drip Irrigation: Young trees and vines: 4 8 gal/acre Mature trees and vines: 5 10 gal/acre Vegetables and row crops: 3 5 gal/acre
16 KTS Potassium thiosulfate S Clearly Superior
17 KTS ( S) Plant Nutrient content wt. % Soluble Potash Total Sulfur (S) Typical Properties Specific Gravity ph Appearance Salting Out Temp., 0 F Clear <15
18 Cumulative yield (mt/ha) Liquid Fertilizers Potassium Thiosulfate Fertilization of Melon NOP KTS KTS 0.7 Source: Alicante University, Spain, 2008 Treatment program kg/ha N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O respectively. (KTS 0.7 = 245 K 2 O kg/ha ) Fertilization by drip irrigation (cucumis melon cv Alps) KTS 0.7 treatment gave an additional 7.27 mt fruit yield per hectare Value of additional yield from KTS 0.7 compared to NOP is approximately 2900 euro/ha (for 0.4 euro cents/kg melon) Treatment cost of 0.7 KTS approximately euro/ha more than NOP treatment cost (based on today s prices) 18
19 Table 2. Effects of foliar potassium (K) sources (potassium chloride KCl, potassium nitrate - KNO 3, Monopotassium phosphate MKP, potassium sulfate - K 2 SO 4, potassium thiosulfate - KTS, and Potassium Metalosate - KM) on the yield, average fruit weight and fruit firmness of field-grown muskmelon ( Cruiser ) fruit. Weekly foliar K applications were made between fruit set and fruit maturity during the spring growing season in 2006 and Treatment Yield Fruit Weight External Fruit firmness Internal Fruit firmness 40lb-boxes/acre (g) (N) (N) Control 144.5a z 455.9b a a 41.7b 41.2a 10.2bc 8.9b KCl 148.8a 506.2a a a 43.0b 44.7a 10.6abc 9.9ab KNO a 429.9b a a 39.6b 39.9a 9.8c 8.4b MKP 160.2a 530.0a a a 43.3b 46.1a 11.2abc 10.9a K 2 SO a 517.0a a a 57.8a 45.2a 12.8ab 10.3ab KTS 166.9a 573.9a a a 51.8ab 46.8a 13.1a 11.1a KM 151.4a 521.9a a a 43.6b 45.7a 11.2abc 10.7a Z Means with the same letter, within a column and location, are not significantly different at Duncan s MRT 95% probability level (n=6-16). Fungicide Trial
20 Effect of KTS TM on Phosphate Nutrition Arizona - Subsurface Drip Irrigation KTS Injected 3.0 gal/ac, 2 applications, 10 days apart Watermelon Broccoli Tissue Analysis - PO 4 ppm Check KTS
21 KTS vs SOP K-Source Rate (lbs K 2 O/Vine) Injection Time % K in petiole at bloom KTS hrs 1.89 K 2 SO hrs 1.55 K2SO hrs 1.41 Check 1.33 Roach Vineyard Salinas, CA. 2002
22 KTS Almond Trial Treatment Drip Irrigation Fan Jet Irrigation 60% SOP 40% KTS K Source 100% SOP 100% KCL 200 lbs/ac K 200 lbs/ac K 200 lbs/ac K Yield kg/ha 4,403 3,883 4,157 A B AB 4,278 4,047 3,771 A B C U.C Davis, Patrick Brown
23 KTS Application Rates Sprinkler: Young trees and vines: 3 5 gal/acre Vegetable and row crops: 3 5 gal/acre Flood & Furrow: Trees and vines: gal/acre Vegetable and row crops: gal/acre Drip Irrigation: Young trees and vines: 3 5 gal/acre Mature trees and vines: 5 10 gal/acre
24 Magnesium Thiosulfate Liquid MagThio MgS 2 O 3 Mg 4.0% S 10% Wt. per Gal 10.0 ph
25 MagThio Potato Trial Treatment # Check 6 gal/ac 3 gal/ac 2 times 1,2 and 3 gal/ac Total Yield/ac Total Usable Yield/ac
26 MagThio Carrot Trial Treatments Rate/ac # of Applications Timing Growth stages, inches Yield Ton/ac Yield Increase Over Check 1.) Grower s Standard ) MagThio - foliar 1.0 gal 3 6, 20 & tons/ac 3.) MagThio - foliar 2.0 gal 3 6, 20 & tons/ac 4.) MagThio, - foliar 3.0 gal 3 6, 20 & tons/ac 5.) Mag sulfate, - soil 20 lbs of Mg broadcast, preplant tons/ac
27 Treatment Magnesium Thiosulfate Effect on Barley Scab Net Blotch % Severity Head Scab % Incidence Yield Bu/ac Test wt Lbs/bu 1.) Untreated Check ) Caramba ) Caramba + MagThio 1.0 gal/ac ) Caramba + MagThio 2.0 gal/ac ) Prosaro ) Prosaro + MagThio 1.0 gal/ac ) Prosaro + MagThio 2.0 gal/ac
28 MagThio Application Rates Sprinkler: Young trees and vines: 2 4 gals/acre Mature trees and vines: 3 6 gals/acre Row crops: 3 10 gals/acre Drip: Young trees and vines: 4 6 gals/acre Mature trees and vines: 5 10 gals/acre Vegetable and row crops: 3 5 gals/acre Foliar: Vegetables and row crops: 3 5 qts/acre Tree crops: 2 4 qts/acre Vines: 2 4 qts/acre Citrus: 4 8 qts/acre
29 Thiosulfates They don t like acids Highly soluble so taken up fast Fertigation injection as long as possible, avoid extreme heat Foliar applications avoid hot days or afternoons Storage water loss during hot periods Follow directions on the application guides All recommendations are for Thiosulfates only
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