Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient for Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger
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1 Heat Exchanger CM35 Lecture Morrison /5/04 CM35 Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering Laboratory Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient for Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger Professor Faith Morrison Department of Chemical Engineering Michigan Technological University Simplest type of heat exchanger Total heat transferred proportional to the log-mean temperature difference Counter-current shown; co-current also possible less hot hot side side T T hot less
2 Heat Exchanger CM35 Lecture Morrison /5/04 less hot Steady state macroscopic energy balance on: Inside Outside Overall T T less hot Covered in CM30 Transport Processes I less hot T T less hot Δ Δ driving force for heat transfer Δ varies down the length of the heat exchanger (HE) Amount of heat transferred varies down the length of the HE
3 Heat Exchanger CM35 Lecture Morrison /5/04 less hot driving force for heat transfer Δ varies down the length of the heat exchanger (HE) Amount of heat transferred varies down the length of the HE The overall heat transferred is governed by the average driving force, Δ T T Δ hot less Δ The correct average driving force (as we show in CM30) is the log mean Comes from considering the energy balances) Log Mean Driving Force The overall heat transferred is governed by the log mean driving force Driving temperature difference at the left side of heat exchanger T lm Driving temperature difference at the right side of heat exchanger T T T ln T Note: the log-mean average temperature driving force will be a number between these two T s 3
4 Heat Exchanger CM35 Lecture Morrison /5/04 T Total Heat Transferred given by The HE is characterized by its overall heat transfer coefficient, T T Δ Δ Δ Where do we get? From the Equipment Schedule (see website): 4
5 Heat Exchanger CM35 Lecture Morrison /5/04 We will record data (and first calculations) on the white board in class be prepared to do so Temperatures ΔT Heat flow (steam side) Heat flow (water side), water side, steam side Answer the SurveyMonkey (or Google forms) to submit your data be prompt! How do we measure? We will record data (and first calculations) on the white board in class be prepared to do so Temperatures Two ways: ΔT Water side Heat flow (steam side) Steam side Heat flow (water side) Perform Macroscopic Energy, water side Balances to obtain, steam side Answer the SurveyMonkey (or Google forms) to submit your data be prompt! 5
6 Heat Exchanger CM35 Lecture Morrison /5/04 We will record data (and first calculations) on the white board in class be prepared to do so Temperatures Two ways: ΔT Water side Heat flow (steam side) Steam side Heat flow (water side) Perform Macroscopic Energy, water side Balances to obtain How do we measure?, steam side Macro-E-Balance comes from CM0 and CM0; see Answer our handout the SurveyMonkey page for (or Dr. Google Morrison s forms) to E- submit Balance your data be prompt! Notes: Report 6: Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient for Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger Pump water through inner pipe of double-pipe heat exchanger Flow steam through outer pipe of double-pipe heat exchanger Allow to come to steady state (monitor; prove steady state) Measure appropriate temperatures, flow rates and replicates Share raw data with classmates; use all data from your lab station across 5 lab sections Calculate and report overall heat transfer coefficient; use two different methods Report the process of achieving steady state Address all objectives in assignment memo 6
7 Heat Exchanger CM35 Lecture Morrison /5/04 Pneumatic Valve Position Note: The position of the valve stem is read from a set of notches based on / th distance per notch: (compare to a inch ruler) x= fraction open CLOSED (5.5)/ths open 7
8 Heat Exchanger CM35 Lecture Morrison /5/04 Prelab Assignment: Review the following: concept of the double-pipe heat exchanger, the overall heat transfer coefficient, logarithmic mean temperature difference and purpose and operation of steam traps. Calculate the heat transfer area of the double pipe heat exchanger in the lab. Base your calculation on the outside area of the inside pipe. Fit the latent heat of vaporization of steam over a reasonable temperature range (near atmospheric pressure) to an empirical function Be prepared to make some trial calculations Prepare a safety section
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