Transmission Line Input Impedance
|
|
- Harvey Webb
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1/26/25 Transmission e Input Impedance.doc 1/9 Transmission e Input Impedance Consider a lossless le, length, termated with a load. I(z) I + V (z) -, β + V - z z et s determe the put impedance of this le! Q: Just what do you mean by put impedance? A: The put impedance is simply the le impedance seen at the begng (z ) of the transmission le, i.e.: V ( z ) ( z ) I ( z ) Note equal to neither the load impedance nor the characteristic impedance! and
2 1/26/25 Transmission e Input Impedance.doc 2/9 To determe exactly what is, we first must determe the voltage and current at the begng of the transmission le (z ). + + jβ jβ V (z ) V e + Γ e Therefore: V + + jβ jβ I(z ) e e Γ ( ) ( ) V z e +Γ e + jβ jβ + jβ jβ I z e Γe We can explicitly write terms of load usg the previously determed relationship: Γ + Combg these two expressions, we get: + j β j β ( + ) e + ( ) e + β β ( + ) ( ) + jβ jβ + jβ jβ ( e + e ) + ( e e ) + jβ jβ + jβ jβ ( + ) ( ) e e j j e e e e Now, recall Euler s equations: e e + j β j β + j s β j s β
3 1/26/25 Transmission e Input Impedance.doc 3/9 Usg Euler s relationships, we can likewise write the put impedance without the complex exponentials: + j j + s β + j tan β + tan j β s β Note that dependg on the values of β, and, the put impedance can be radically different from the load impedance! Special Cases Now let s look at the for some important load impedances and le lengths. You should commit these results to memory! 1. λ 2 If the length of the transmission le is exactly one-half wavelength ( λ 2), we fd that: meang that: β 2π λ π λ 2 cos π 1 and s β s π
4 1/26/25 Transmission e Input Impedance.doc 4/9 and therefore: + j j s β + s β ( 1) + j () ( 1) + () j In other words, if the transmission le is precisely one-half wavelength long, the put impedance is equal to the load impedance, regardless of or β., β λ 2 2. λ 4 If the length of the transmission le is exactly one-quarter wavelength ( λ 4 ), we fd that: meang that: β 2π λ π λ 4 2 cos β cos π 2 and s β s π 2 1
5 1/26/25 Transmission e Input Impedance.doc 5/9 and therefore: + j j + s β () + (1) j ( ) () + j (1) 2 s β In other words, if the transmission le is precisely one-quarter wavelength long, the put impedance is versely proportional to the load impedance. Thk about what this means! Say the load impedance is a short circuit, such that. The put impedance at begng of the λ 4 transmission le is therefore: ( ) ( ) 2 2! This is an open circuit! The quarter-wave transmission le transforms a short-circuit to an open-circuit and vice versa!, β λ 4
6 1/26/25 Transmission e Input Impedance.doc 6/9 3. If the load is numerically equal to the characteristic impedance of the transmission le (a real value), we fd that the put impedance becomes: + j j + s β + s j β + j s β s β In other words, if the load impedance is equal to the transmission le characteristic impedance, the put impedance will be likewise be equal to regardless of the transmission le length., β 4. j X If the load is purely reactive (i.e., the resistive component is zero), the put impedance is:
7 1/26/25 Transmission e Input Impedance.doc 7/9 + j j s β + s β jx + j s β 2 + j X s β X + s β j s X β In other words, if the load is purely reactive, then the put impedance will likewise be purely reactive, regardless of the le length. j X, β jx Note that the opposite is not true: even if the load is purely resistive ( R), the put impedance will be complex (both resistive and reactive components). Q: Why is this? A:
8 1/26/25 Transmission e Input Impedance.doc 8/9 5. λ If the transmission le is electrically small its length is small with respect to signal wavelength λ --we fd that: and thus: 2π β 2π λ λ cos 1 and s β s so that the put impedance is: + j s β + j s β (1) + j () (1) + j () In other words, if the transmission le length is much smaller than a wavelength, the put impedance will always be equal to the load impedance. This is the assumption we used all previous circuits courses (e.g., EECS 211, 212, 312, 412)! In those courses, we assumed that the signal frequency ω is relatively low, such that the signal wavelength λ is very large (λ ).
9 1/26/25 Transmission e Input Impedance.doc 9/9 Note also for this case ( the electrically short transmission le), the voltage and current at each end of the transmission le are approximately the same! V ( z ) V ( z ) and I( z ) I( z ) if λ If λ, our wire behaves exactly as it did EECS 211!
5.1 Radical Notation and Rational Exponents
Section 5.1 Radical Notation and Rational Exponents 1 5.1 Radical Notation and Rational Exponents We now review how exponents can be used to describe not only powers (such as 5 2 and 2 3 ), but also roots
More informationThe Importance of the X/R Ratio in Low-Voltage Short Circuit Studies
The Importance of the X/R Ratio in Low-Voltage Short Circuit Studies DATE: November 17, 1999 REVISION: AUTHOR: John Merrell Introduction In some short circuit studies, the X/R ratio is ignored when comparing
More informationELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. California Polytechnic State University SIGNAL TRANSMISSION LABORATORY EE 353
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT California Polytechnic State University SIGNAL TRANSMISSION LABORATORY EE 353 Fall 2003 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT California Polytechnic State University EE 353
More informationLecture 20: Transmission (ABCD) Matrix.
Whites, EE 48/58 Lecture 0 Page of 7 Lecture 0: Transmission (ABC) Matrix. Concerning the equivalent port representations of networks we ve seen in this course:. Z parameters are useful for series connected
More informationIntroduction to the Smith Chart for the MSA Sam Wetterlin 10/12/09 Z +
Introduction to the Smith Chart for the MSA Sam Wetterlin 10/12/09 Quick Review of Reflection Coefficient The Smith chart is a method of graphing reflection coefficients and impedance, and is often useful
More informationCurrent and Temperature Ratings
Document 361-1 Current and Temperature Ratings Introduction This application note describes: How to interpret Coilcraft inductor current and temperature ratings Our current ratings measurement method and
More informationEDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA UNIT 5 - ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC PRINCIPLES NQF LEVEL 3 OUTCOME 4 - ALTERNATING CURRENT
EDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA UNIT 5 - ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC PRINCIPLES NQF LEVEL 3 OUTCOME 4 - ALTERNATING CURRENT 4 Understand single-phase alternating current (ac) theory Single phase AC
More informationInductors in AC Circuits
Inductors in AC Circuits Name Section Resistors, inductors, and capacitors all have the effect of modifying the size of the current in an AC circuit and the time at which the current reaches its maximum
More informationTransmission Lines. Smith Chart
Smith Chart The Smith chart is one of the most useful graphical tools for high frequency circuit applications. The chart provides a clever way to visualize complex functions and it continues to endure
More informationDirect-Current Circuits
8 Direct-Current Circuits Clicker Questions Question N.0 Description: Understanding circuits with parallel resistances. Question A battery is used to light a bulb as shown. A second bulb is connected by
More informationEquivalent Circuits and Transfer Functions
R eq isc Equialent Circuits and Transfer Functions Samantha R Summerson 14 September, 009 1 Equialent Circuits eq ± Figure 1: Théenin equialent circuit. i sc R eq oc Figure : Mayer-Norton equialent circuit.
More informationThe Critical Length of a Transmission Line
Page 1 of 9 The Critical Length of a Transmission Line Dr. Eric Bogatin President, Bogatin Enterprises Oct 1, 2004 Abstract A transmission line is always a transmission line. However, if it is physically
More informationChapter 19 Operational Amplifiers
Chapter 19 Operational Amplifiers The operational amplifier, or op-amp, is a basic building block of modern electronics. Op-amps date back to the early days of vacuum tubes, but they only became common
More informationPHY3128 / PHYM203 (Electronics / Instrumentation) Transmission Lines. Repeated n times I L
Transmission Lines Introduction A transmission line guides energy from one place to another. Optical fibres, waveguides, telephone lines and power cables are all electromagnetic transmission lines. are
More informationCircuits with inductors and alternating currents. Chapter 20 #45, 46, 47, 49
Circuits with inductors and alternating currents Chapter 20 #45, 46, 47, 49 RL circuits Ch. 20 (last section) Symbol for inductor looks like a spring. An inductor is a circuit element that has a large
More informationElectrical Fundamentals Module 3: Parallel Circuits
Electrical Fundamentals Module 3: Parallel Circuits PREPARED BY IAT Curriculum Unit August 2008 Institute of Applied Technology, 2008 ATE310- Electrical Fundamentals 2 Module 3 Parallel Circuits Module
More informationS-Parameters and Related Quantities Sam Wetterlin 10/20/09
S-Parameters and Related Quantities Sam Wetterlin 10/20/09 Basic Concept of S-Parameters S-Parameters are a type of network parameter, based on the concept of scattering. The more familiar network parameters
More informationTransmission Line Transformers
Radio Frequency Circuit Design. W. Alan Davis, Krishna Agarwal Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Print ISBN 0-471-35052-4 Electronic ISBN 0-471-20068-9 CHAPTER SIX Transmission Line Transformers 6.1
More informationChapter 11. Inductors ISU EE. C.Y. Lee
Chapter 11 Inductors Objectives Describe the basic structure and characteristics of an inductor Discuss various types of inductors Analyze series inductors Analyze parallel inductors Analyze inductive
More information)454 6 %,%#42)#!, #(!2!#4%2)34)#3 &/2 5."!,!.#%$ $/5",%#522%.4 ).4%2#(!.'% #)2#5)43 $!4! #/--5.)#!4)/. /6%2 4(% 4%,%0(/.%.%47/2+ )454 Recommendation 6
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION )454 6 TELECOMMUNICATION (03/93) STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU $!4! #/--5.)#!4)/. /6%2 4(% 4%,%0(/.%.%47/2+ %,%#42)#!, #(!2!#4%2)34)#3 &/2 5."!,!.#%$ $/5",%#522%.4
More informationCoupled Inductors. Introducing Coupled Inductors
Coupled Inductors From power distribution across large distances to radio transmissions, coupled inductors are used extensively in electrical applications. Their properties allow for increasing or decreasing
More informationImpedance Matching and Matching Networks. Valentin Todorow, December, 2009
Impedance Matching and Matching Networks Valentin Todorow, December, 2009 RF for Plasma Processing - Definition of RF What is RF? The IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms defines
More informationIdeal Cable. Linear Spring - 1. Cables, Springs and Pulleys
Cables, Springs and Pulleys ME 202 Ideal Cable Neglect weight (massless) Neglect bending stiffness Force parallel to cable Force only tensile (cable taut) Neglect stretching (inextensible) 1 2 Sketch a
More informationRLC Resonant Circuits
C esonant Circuits Andrew McHutchon April 20, 203 Capacitors and Inductors There is a lot of inconsistency when it comes to dealing with reactances of complex components. The format followed in this document
More informationPHASOR DIAGRAMS HANDS-ON RELAY SCHOOL WSU PULLMAN, WA. RON ALEXANDER - BPA
PHASOR DIAGRAMS HANDS-ON RELAY SCHOOL WSU PULLMAN, WA. RON ALEXANDER - BPA What are phasors??? In normal practice, the phasor represents the rms maximum value of the positive half cycle of the sinusoid
More informationε: Voltage output of Signal Generator (also called the Source voltage or Applied
Experiment #10: LR & RC Circuits Frequency Response EQUIPMENT NEEDED Science Workshop Interface Power Amplifier (2) Voltage Sensor graph paper (optional) (3) Patch Cords Decade resistor, capacitor, and
More informationIntroduction to Paralleling of LTC Transformers by the Circulating Current Method
TAPCHANGER CONTROLS Application Note #11 Introduction to Paralleling of LTC Transformers by the Circulating Current Method 1.0 ABSTRACT This Application Note discusses the elements of paralleling load
More informationCurrent Probes, More Useful Than You Think
Current Probes, More Useful Than You Think Training and design help in most areas of Electrical Engineering Copyright 1998 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Reprinted from the IEEE 1998
More informationLecture 24. Inductance and Switching Power Supplies (how your solar charger voltage converter works)
Lecture 24 Inductance and Switching Power Supplies (how your solar charger voltage converter works) Copyright 2014 by Mark Horowitz 1 Roadmap: How Does This Work? 2 Processor Board 3 More Detailed Roadmap
More informationTHE PER-UNIT SYSTEM. (2) The per-unit values for various components lie within a narrow range regardless of the equipment rating.
THE PER-UNIT SYSTEM An interconnected power system typically consists of many different voltage levels given a system containing several transformers and/or rotating machines. The per-unit system simplifies
More informationMotor Fundamentals. DC Motor
Motor Fundamentals Before we can examine the function of a drive, we must understand the basic operation of the motor. It is used to convert the electrical energy, supplied by the controller, to mechanical
More informationEMC STANDARDS STANDARDS AND STANDARD MAKING BODIES. International. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) http://www.iec.
EMC STANDARDS The EMC standards that a particular electronic product must meet depend on the product application (commercial or military) and the country in which the product is to be used. These EMC regulatory
More informationMeasuring Parasitic Capacitance and Inductance Using TDR
Measuring Parasitic apacitance and Inductance Using TDR Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is commonly used as a convenient method of determining the characteristic impedance of a transmission line or quantifying
More informationOPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
INTRODUCTION OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS The student will be introduced to the application and analysis of operational amplifiers in this laboratory experiment. The student will apply circuit analysis techniques
More informationThe Gamma Match. 1 Equal Size Elements
The Gamma Match The gamma match was originally invented as a means of feeding vertical monopole antennas for medium wave broadcasts, which were earthed at the base for lightning protection (see Figure
More informationVoltage, Current, Resistance, Capacitance and Inductance
Voltage, Current, Resistance, Capacitance and Inductance Really basic electrical engineering. 1 Electricity and conductors Electricity is the movement of electrons. Electrons move easily through a conductor
More informationSolutions to Linear First Order ODE s
First Order Linear Equations In the previous session we learned that a first order linear inhomogeneous ODE for the unknown function x = x(t), has the standard form x + p(t)x = q(t) () (To be precise we
More informationA wave lab inside a coaxial cable
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING Eur. J. Phys. 25 (2004) 581 591 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS PII: S0143-0807(04)76273-X A wave lab inside a coaxial cable JoãoMSerra,MiguelCBrito,JMaiaAlves and A M Vallera
More informationSmall Signal Analysis of a PMOS transistor Consider the following PMOS transistor to be in saturation. Then, 1 2
Small Signal Analysis of a PMOS transistor Consider the following PMOS transistor to be in saturation. Then, 1 I SD = µ pcox( VSG Vtp)^2(1 + VSDλ) 2 From this equation it is evident that I SD is a function
More information= (0.400 A) (4.80 V) = 1.92 W = (0.400 A) (7.20 V) = 2.88 W
Physics 2220 Module 06 Homework 0. What are the magnitude and direction of the current in the 8 Ω resister in the figure? Assume the current is moving clockwise. Then use Kirchhoff's second rule: 3.00
More informationLAB 7 MOSFET CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS
LAB 7 MOSFET CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS Objective In this experiment you will study the i-v characteristics of an MOS transistor. You will use the MOSFET as a variable resistor and as a switch. BACKGROUND
More informationChapter 10. RC Circuits ISU EE. C.Y. Lee
Chapter 10 RC Circuits Objectives Describe the relationship between current and voltage in an RC circuit Determine impedance and phase angle in a series RC circuit Analyze a series RC circuit Determine
More informationMeasurement of Capacitance
Measurement of Capacitance Pre-Lab Questions Page Name: Class: Roster Number: Instructor:. A capacitor is used to store. 2. What is the SI unit for capacitance? 3. A capacitor basically consists of two
More informationExperiment #11: LRC Circuit (Power Amplifier, Voltage Sensor)
Experiment #11: LRC Circuit (Power Amplifier, Voltage Sensor) Concept: circuits Time: 30 m SW Interface: 750 Windows file: RLC.SWS EQUIPMENT NEEDED Science Workshop Interface Power Amplifier (2) Voltage
More informationDiodes have an arrow showing the direction of the flow.
The Big Idea Modern circuitry depends on much more than just resistors and capacitors. The circuits in your computer, cell phone, Ipod depend on circuit elements called diodes, inductors, transistors,
More informationDecimal Number (base 10) Binary Number (base 2)
LECTURE 5. BINARY COUNTER Before starting with counters there is some vital information that needs to be understood. The most important is the fact that since the outputs of a digital chip can only be
More informationExperiment 8 Series-Parallel Circuits
Experiment 8 Series-Parallel Circuits EL 111 - DC Fundamentals By: Walter Banzhaf, E.K. Smith, and Winfield Young University of Hartford Ward College of Technology Objectives: 1. For the student to measure
More informationBinary Adders: Half Adders and Full Adders
Binary Adders: Half Adders and Full Adders In this set of slides, we present the two basic types of adders: 1. Half adders, and 2. Full adders. Each type of adder functions to add two binary bits. In order
More informationCommon-Emitter Amplifier
Common-Emitter Amplifier A. Before We Start As the title of this lab says, this lab is about designing a Common-Emitter Amplifier, and this in this stage of the lab course is premature, in my opinion,
More informationHOW ACCURATE ARE THOSE THERMOCOUPLES?
HOW ACCURATE ARE THOSE THERMOCOUPLES? Deggary N. Priest Priest & Associates Consulting, LLC INTRODUCTION Inevitably, during any QC Audit of the Laboratory s calibration procedures, the question of thermocouple
More informationPrepared By: Sheilani Binti Shaari Department of Electrical Engineering/PKB
Prepared By: Sheilani Binti Shaari Department of Electrical Engineering/ Course Learning Outcome (CLO) Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Apply the principles of three phase systems,
More informationApplication Note. So You Need to Measure Some Inductors?
So You Need to Measure Some nductors? Take a look at the 1910 nductance Analyzer. Although specifically designed for production testing of inductors and coils, in addition to measuring inductance (L),
More informationMotor Efficiency and Power Factor ME 416/516
Motor Efficiency and Power Factor Motivation More than half of all electric energy generated goes to power electric motors. Electric motor converts electric power into shaft power. In thermodynamics terms,
More information4 SENSORS. Example. A force of 1 N is exerted on a PZT5A disc of diameter 10 mm and thickness 1 mm. The resulting mechanical stress is:
4 SENSORS The modern technical world demands the availability of sensors to measure and convert a variety of physical quantities into electrical signals. These signals can then be fed into data processing
More informationUnderstanding Delta Conversion Online "Power Regulation" - Part 2
Application Note #40 Understanding Delta Conversion Online "Power Regulation" - Part 2 Introduction This application note is the second in a series on delta conversion theory of operation. For complete
More informationResistors in Series and Parallel
Resistors in Series and Parallel Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Most circuits have more than one component, called a resistor that limits the flow of charge in the circuit. A measure of this limit on charge flow
More informationCHAPTER 11: Flip Flops
CHAPTER 11: Flip Flops In this chapter, you will be building the part of the circuit that controls the command sequencing. The required circuit must operate the counter and the memory chip. When the teach
More informationGates, Circuits, and Boolean Algebra
Gates, Circuits, and Boolean Algebra Computers and Electricity A gate is a device that performs a basic operation on electrical signals Gates are combined into circuits to perform more complicated tasks
More informationAlternating Current and Direct Current
K Hinds 2012 1 Alternating Current and Direct Current Direct Current This is a Current or Voltage which has a constant polarity. That is, either a positive or negative value. K Hinds 2012 2 Alternating
More information= V peak 2 = 0.707V peak
BASIC ELECTRONICS - RECTIFICATION AND FILTERING PURPOSE Suppose that you wanted to build a simple DC electronic power supply, which operated off of an AC input (e.g., something you might plug into a standard
More informationTESTS OF 1 MHZ SIGNAL SOURCE FOR SPECTRUM ANALYZER CALIBRATION 7/8/08 Sam Wetterlin
TESTS OF 1 MHZ SIGNAL SOURCE FOR SPECTRUM ANALYZER CALIBRATION 7/8/08 Sam Wetterlin (Updated 7/19/08 to delete sine wave output) I constructed the 1 MHz square wave generator shown in the Appendix. This
More informationSecond Order Linear Nonhomogeneous Differential Equations; Method of Undetermined Coefficients. y + p(t) y + q(t) y = g(t), g(t) 0.
Second Order Linear Nonhomogeneous Differential Equations; Method of Undetermined Coefficients We will now turn our attention to nonhomogeneous second order linear equations, equations with the standard
More informationChapter 12: The Operational Amplifier
Chapter 12: The Operational Amplifier 12.1: Introduction to Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are very high gain dc coupled amplifiers with differential inputs; they are used
More informationForce on Moving Charges in a Magnetic Field
[ Assignment View ] [ Eðlisfræði 2, vor 2007 27. Magnetic Field and Magnetic Forces Assignment is due at 2:00am on Wednesday, February 28, 2007 Credit for problems submitted late will decrease to 0% after
More informationES250: Electrical Science. HW7: Energy Storage Elements
ES250: Electrical Science HW7: Energy Storage Elements Introduction This chapter introduces two more circuit elements, the capacitor and the inductor whose elements laws involve integration or differentiation;
More informationLab 5 Operational Amplifiers
Lab 5 Operational Amplifiers By: Gary A. Ybarra Christopher E. Cramer Duke University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Durham, NC. Purpose The purpose of this lab is to examine the properties
More informationKeysight Technologies Understanding the Fundamental Principles of Vector Network Analysis. Application Note
Keysight Technologies Understanding the Fundamental Principles of Vector Network Analysis Application Note Introduction Network analysis is the process by which designers and manufacturers measure the
More informationTransistor Amplifiers
Physics 3330 Experiment #7 Fall 1999 Transistor Amplifiers Purpose The aim of this experiment is to develop a bipolar transistor amplifier with a voltage gain of minus 25. The amplifier must accept input
More informationHYBRID FIR-IIR FILTERS By John F. Ehlers
HYBRID FIR-IIR FILTERS By John F. Ehlers Many traders have come to me, asking me to make their indicators act just one day sooner. They are convinced that this is just the edge they need to make a zillion
More informationFundamentals of radio communication
Fundamentals of radio communication This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
More informationMEP Y9 Practice Book A
1 Base Arithmetic 1.1 Binary Numbers We normally work with numbers in base 10. In this section we consider numbers in base 2, often called binary numbers. In base 10 we use the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
More informationFrequency response: Resonance, Bandwidth, Q factor
Frequency response: esonance, Bandwidth, Q factor esonance. Let s continue the exploration of the frequency response of circuits by investigating the series circuit shown on Figure. C + V - Figure The
More informationInstrument Transformer Wiring Troubleshooting Guide Three Phase Meters Revision 0, Initial Issue, April 26, 1993
R Instrument Transformer Wiring Troubleshooting Guide Three Phase Meters Revision 0, Initial Issue, April 26, 1993 CONTENTS I. How to Use This Guide II. Common Problems for 3-Wire and 4-Wire Systems III.
More informationChapter 7 Direct-Current Circuits
Chapter 7 Direct-Current Circuits 7. Introduction...7-7. Electromotive Force...7-3 7.3 Resistors in Series and in Parallel...7-5 7.4 Kirchhoff s Circuit Rules...7-7 7.5 Voltage-Current Measurements...7-9
More informationDRAFT. University of Pennsylvania Moore School of Electrical Engineering ESE319 Electronic Circuits - Modeling and Measurement Techniques
University of Pennsylvania Moore School of Electrical Engineering ESE319 Electronic Circuits - Modeling and Measurement Techniques 1. Introduction. Students are often frustrated in their attempts to execute
More informationReading assignment: All students should read the Appendix about using oscilloscopes.
10. A ircuits* Objective: To learn how to analyze current and voltage relationships in alternating current (a.c.) circuits. You will use the method of phasors, or the vector addition of rotating vectors
More informationNPV Versus IRR. W.L. Silber -1000 0 0 +300 +600 +900. We know that if the cost of capital is 18 percent we reject the project because the NPV
NPV Versus IRR W.L. Silber I. Our favorite project A has the following cash flows: -1 + +6 +9 1 2 We know that if the cost of capital is 18 percent we reject the project because the net present value is
More informationBasic Laws Circuit Theorems Methods of Network Analysis Non-Linear Devices and Simulation Models
EE Modul 1: Electric Circuits Theory Basic Laws Circuit Theorems Methods of Network Analysis Non-Linear Devices and Simulation Models EE Modul 1: Electric Circuits Theory Current, Voltage, Impedance Ohm
More informationGates & Boolean Algebra. Boolean Operators. Combinational Logic. Introduction
Introduction Gates & Boolean lgebra Boolean algebra: named after mathematician George Boole (85 864). 2-valued algebra. digital circuit can have one of 2 values. Signal between and volt =, between 4 and
More informationLecture 7 Circuit analysis via Laplace transform
S. Boyd EE12 Lecture 7 Circuit analysis via Laplace transform analysis of general LRC circuits impedance and admittance descriptions natural and forced response circuit analysis with impedances natural
More information2.2 Magic with complex exponentials
2.2. MAGIC WITH COMPLEX EXPONENTIALS 97 2.2 Magic with complex exponentials We don t really know what aspects of complex variables you learned about in high school, so the goal here is to start more or
More informationHow To Calculate The Power Gain Of An Opamp
A. M. Niknejad University of California, Berkeley EE 100 / 42 Lecture 8 p. 1/23 EE 42/100 Lecture 8: Op-Amps ELECTRONICS Rev C 2/8/2012 (9:54 AM) Prof. Ali M. Niknejad University of California, Berkeley
More informationSYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES The geometry of a synchronous machine is quite similar to that of the induction machine. The stator core and windings of a three-phase synchronous machine are practically identical
More informationAnalysis of a single-loop circuit using the KVL method
Analysis of a single-loop circuit using the KVL method Figure 1 is our circuit to analyze. We shall attempt to determine the current through each element, the voltage across each element, and the power
More informationResistors. Some substances are insulators. A battery will not make detectible current flow through them.
Resistors Some substances are insulators. A battery will not make detectible current flow through them. Many substances (lead, iron, graphite, etc.) will let current flow. For most substances that are
More informationLine Reactors and AC Drives
Line Reactors and AC Drives Rockwell Automation Mequon Wisconsin Quite often, line and load reactors are installed on AC drives without a solid understanding of why or what the positive and negative consequences
More informationElectrical Resonance
Electrical Resonance (R-L-C series circuit) APPARATUS 1. R-L-C Circuit board 2. Signal generator 3. Oscilloscope Tektronix TDS1002 with two sets of leads (see Introduction to the Oscilloscope ) INTRODUCTION
More information1 Error in Euler s Method
1 Error in Euler s Method Experience with Euler s 1 method raises some interesting questions about numerical approximations for the solutions of differential equations. 1. What determines the amount of
More informationCounters and Decoders
Physics 3330 Experiment #10 Fall 1999 Purpose Counters and Decoders In this experiment, you will design and construct a 4-bit ripple-through decade counter with a decimal read-out display. Such a counter
More informationThe purposes of this experiment are to test Faraday's Law qualitatively and to test Lenz's Law.
260 17-1 I. THEORY EXPERIMENT 17 QUALITATIVE STUDY OF INDUCED EMF Along the extended central axis of a bar magnet, the magnetic field vector B r, on the side nearer the North pole, points away from this
More information2 Port Parameters I 1. ECE145A/218A Notes Set #4 1. Two-ways of describing device: A. Equivalent - Circuit-Model
ECE45A/8A Notes et #4 Port Parameters Two-ways of describing device: A. Equivalent - Circuit-Model Physically based Includes bias dependence Includes frequency dependence Includes size dependence - scalability
More informationCHAPTER 28 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
CHAPTER 8 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS 1. Sketch a circuit diagram for a circuit that includes a resistor R 1 connected to the positive terminal of a battery, a pair of parallel resistors R and R connected to the
More informationTrigonometry for AC circuits
Trigonometry for AC circuits This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
More informationInduction Motor Theory
PDHonline Course E176 (3 PDH) Induction Motor Theory Instructor: Jerry R. Bednarczyk, P.E. 2012 PDH Online PDH Center 5272 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 22030-6658 Phone & Fax: 703-988-0088 www.pdhonline.org
More informationFull representation of the real transformer
TRASFORMERS EQVALET CRCT OF TWO-WDG TRASFORMER TR- Dots show the points of higher potential. There are applied following conventions of arrow directions: -for primary circuit -the passive sign convention
More informationModeling of Transmission Lines
Modeling of Transmission Lines Electric Power Transmission The electric energy produced at generating stations is transported over high-voltage transmission lines to utilization points. The trend toward
More informationFigure 1. Experiment 3 The students construct the circuit shown in Figure 2.
Series and Parallel Circuits When two or more devices are connected to a battery in a circuit, there are a couple of methods by which they can be connected. One method is called a series connection and
More informationStep response of an RLC series circuit
School of Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 332:224 Principles of Electrical Engineering II Laboratory Experiment 5 Step response of an RLC series circuit 1 Introduction Objectives
More informationBasic Electronics Prof. Dr. Chitralekha Mahanta Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati
Basic Electronics Prof. Dr. Chitralekha Mahanta Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Module: 2 Bipolar Junction Transistors Lecture-2 Transistor
More information