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1 Schedulg/School Calendar Education Commission of the States 700 Broadway, Suite 1200 Denver, CO Fax: Mimum Number of Mutes/ Hours a High School By Michael Colasanti November 2007 Typical steps establishg the school calendar 1. State policymakers typically defe the length of time students spend school through legislation of agency regulation. The most typical method used is to defe the school calendar by settg the number of days required the school year. This normally cludes time designated for teacher professional development - time durg which there is no pupil-teacher contact. 2. Once the number of days is defed, policymakers typically specify the number of hours of direct pupil-teacher contact time needed to qualify as a school day. 3. Fally, policy leaders defe the activities that may and may not count toward the mimum hours the school day. For example, Iowa cludes passg periods as part of the structional day but does not clude lunch periods. Nearly all of these states allow for some level of accommodation for unforeseen emergencies. The length of an average structional day The average mimum number of mutes a high school day (9th-12th) across the 50 states is 314 mutes, which is 12 mutes longer than the average mimum day for elementary grades (1st-5th) and four mutes longer than the average middle school grades (6th-8th). It should be noted however that while allocated time does crease as grades progress, the crements are small and the differences are mostly significant. Other means of addressg the school day Sixteen states do not specify the mimum number of hours or mutes that constitute an structional day. Instead, state leaders typically defe the length of the school year and leave it to the local districts to determe how each day is spent. In search of results As policymakers across the country search for ways to improve the outcomes of education, they frequently revisit policies impactg the amount of time students spend school. To help form these efforts, we offer a note of caution: To improve student achievement, policymakers should not automatically look only to extendg the days or mutes of student learng time, but should also consider ways to make better use of the time they have. 1
2 Mimum # of M./Hr. Alabama The six hours do not clude recess and termission periods. ALA. CODE (1) Alaska The five hours do not clude termissions. The commissioner is authorized to approve shorter days. ALASKA STAT Arizona 240 mutes Arizona statute states that a full-time structional program must total at least 20 hours per week. ARIZ. REV. STAT (A)(2)(c)(vi) Arkansas Districts may clude travel time between public schools and other educational programs as a part of the mimum six hours. ARK. CODE ANN (a)(1) California 240 mutes This requirement does not apply to eveng high schools, opportunity schools, contug education classes or vocational trag programs. CAL. EDUC. CODE Colorado 105 durg a mimum of 160 days. The commissioner may waive the schedule requirements due to extraordary circumstances. COLO. REV. STAT (1)(n) Connecticut 900 hours durg a mimum 180 days. Districts may count up to seven hours per school day towards the total required for the year. CONN. GEN. STAT Delaware 3. The 3. do not clude lunch periods. DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 14, 1049(a)(1) District of Columbia The six hours clude lunch periods, recess and class breaks. D.C. MUN. REGS. tit. 5, Florida 900 hours durg a mimum of 180 days. FLA. ADMIN. CODE ANN. r. 6A Page 2
3 Mimum # of M./Hr. Georgia 330 mutes The 330 mutes do not clude rest periods, recess, breaks, passg periods or lunch periods. GA. COMP. R. & REGS. r (2)(d) Hawaii 178 days; accordg to Hawaii teachers contracts, the work year is no more than 190 days, and 12 of those days are non-structional. Greg Knudsen, Communications Director, Hawaii Department of Education Idaho 990 hours, which clude school assemblies, testg and other structionally related activities. The requirement excludes from the total time for transportation to and from school, passg periods, recess and lunch periods. IDAHO CODE (1)(a) Illois The five hours clude time for when students are supervised by nonteachg personnel and engaged activities such as study hall, use of technology and school-sponsored extracurricular activities. 105 ILL. COMP. STAT. 5/ (F)(1)(c), 5/ (a) Indiana IND. CODE (a) Iowa The clude passg periods and parent-teacher conferences, but do not clude lunch periods. IOWA CODE 256.7(19) Kansas The five hours clude time that dualenrollment students spend takg postsecondary classes. KAN. STAT. ANN (g)(2) Kentucky In the event of an unforeseen bus delay, schools that participate the Federal School Breakfast Program may allow up to 15 mutes of the six hours to provide the opportunity for children to eat breakfast (may not occur more than eight times durg the school year with the same buildg). KY. REV. STAT. ANN (1) Page 3
4 Mimum # of M./Hr. Louisiana 360 mutes The 360 mutes do not clude recess. LA. REV. STAT. ANN. 17:154.1(A)(1) Mae 3 hours Schools do not have to be session the same number of hours each day as long as the total amount of structional time any two consecutive school weeks is an average of five hours per day. CODE ME. R (6.02) Maryland 3 hours MD. CODE ANN., EDUC (a)(2) Massachusetts 990 hours durg a mimum of 180 days. The 990 hours do not clude time for school meals (breakfast and lunch), passg periods, homeroom time, recesses, non-directed study periods and optional school programs. MASS. REGS. CODE tit. 603, 27.03, Michigan 900 (or 990) hours durg a mimum of 180 days. The 900 hours clude time for passg periods but not for lunch periods or study hall. A school may count up to two study hall periods per day if they use a mimum of 990 hours durg the year. MICH. ADMIN. CODE r (5) Mnesota Local school boards have flexibility settg the school calendar but must clude at least the number of days set by the state board as they had at the begng of the school year. MINN. STAT. 120A.41 Mississippi This requirement will be repealed effective June 30, MISS. CODE ANN Missouri 3 hours Durg the three hours, students must be under the guidance and direction of teachers the teachg process. MO. REV. STAT (1) Montana 1080 hours durg the school s fiscal year. Graduatg seniors need only complete 1050 hours. MONT. CODE ANN Page 4
5 Mimum # of M./Hr. Nebraska 1080 hours (an structional hour is defed as a period of time, at least sixty mutes, which is actually used for the struction of students. ) NEB. REV. STAT (7) Nevada 330 mutes The 330 mutes clude time for recess and passg periods, but does not clude time for lunch. NEV. ADMIN. CODE ch. 387, 131(1) New Hampshire N.H. REV. STAT. ANN. 189:40 New Jersey 4 hours The four hours do not clude recess or lunch periods. N.J. ADMIN. CODE tit. 6A, (b),(e) New Mexico The secretary may waive the mimum length of the school day districts where the mimum would create undue hardships. N.M. STAT. ANN (A)(3),(D) New York The clude time for study activities, but not for lunch periods. N.Y. COMP. CODES R. & REGS. tit. 8, 175.5(a)(3) North Carola 1000 hours durg a mimum of 180 days. Accordg to statute, the number of structional hours an structional day may vary accordg to local board policy and does not have to be uniform among the schools the admistrative unit. N.C. GEN. STAT. 115C- 84.2(a)(1) North Dakota N.D. CENT. CODE (5)(a)(2) Ohio The do not clude time for lunch periods or terscholastic athletics. OHIO ADMIN. CODE (F) Oklahoma OKLA. STAT. tit. 70, 1-111(A) Page 5
6 Mimum # of M./Hr. Oregon 990 hours, which clude time for school assemblies, student orientations, testg, parent-teacher conferences and other structionally related activities, but do not clude time for transportation to and from school, passg periods, recess or lunch periods. OR. ADMIN. R (1)(a),(3)(a),(4) Pennsylvania Instruction time is defed as time durg the school day which is devoted to struction and activities provided as an tegral part of the school program. 22 PA. CODE 51.61(a)(4),(c) Rhode Island 330 mutes The 330 mutes do not clude lunch, recess, study halls, homeroom, common planng time, passg periods, pre- and post-teacher time, and any other time that is not actual structional time. R.I. CODE R (1.2) South Carola The six hours do not clude lunch periods. S.C. CODE ANN (E) South Dakota 962.; statute requires that the local school boards establish the length of the school day. The hours that are required do not clude lunch periods or recess. S.D. CODIFIED LAWS Tennessee 6. TENN. CODE ANN (e)(1) Texas 7 hours The seven hours clude recess and termissions. TEX. EDUC. CODE ANN (a) Utah 4 hours The four hours clude time for recess periods that clude organization or struction from school staff, but do not clude lunch and passg periods. UTAH ADMIN. CODE R (N)(2)(a) Vermont The do not clude time for recess or lunch periods. VT. CODE R (d) Page 6
7 Mimum # of M./Hr. Virgia The do not clude recess and breaks for meals. 8 VA. ADMIN. CODE Washgton 1000 hours durg a mimum of 180 days. School districts may arrange their calendars any way they determe as long as the district-wide annual average structional hour requirement is met (1000 hours). WASH. REV. CODE 28A (1)(b),(3); WASH. ADMIN. CODE (1)(b) West Virgia 345 mutes The 345 mutes clude time for cocurricular and extracurricular activities. W. VA. CODE (a)(1)(B); W. VA. CODE ST. R (1.13) Wiscons 1137 hours durg a mimum of 180 days. The 1137 hours clude recesses and passg periods but do not clude lunch periods. WIS. STAT (1)(f) Wyomg 1100 hours durg a mimum of 175 days. School districts establish the length of the school day. WYO. STAT. ANN ; WYO. CODE R (5)(a)(iv) Michael Colasanti is a researcher with the ECS Information Clearghouse by the Education Commission of the States (ECS). All rights reserved. ECS is the only nationwide terstate compact devoted to education. ECS encourages its readers to share our formation with others. To request permission to reprt or excerpt some of our material, please contact the ECS Communications Department at or ecs@ecs.org. Helpg State Leaders Shape Education Policy 1 Aronson, Julie, Joy Zimmerman and Lisa Carlos. Improvg Student Achievement by Extendg School: Is it just a Matter of Time?. San Francisco, CA: WestEd, Page 7
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