Introduction to GIS GIS and SedNet Training
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1 Introduction to GIS GIS and SedNet Training Phil- WAVES Verna Duque Lacanlale 21 April 2015
2 Outline of presentation 1. Learning Outcome 2. Geographic information 3. Geographic information technologies 4. Geographic information system 5. Geographic information science 6. Relevance to Phil-WAVES 7. Summary
3 Leaning outcome: 1. define basic terms associated with geographic information including " technologies, systems and science 2. explain why geographic information systems are important 3. explain why a science of geographic information is needed
4 Geographic information Geographic information is information about places on the Earth's surface knowledge about where something is is knowledge about what is at a given location
5 Example: Detailed: Locations of all buildings in the city Individual trees in a forest Coarse Climate in a large region Population density of an entire country *varies Geographic resolution
6 Geo Information Characteristics often relatively static Ø don't change rapidly Ø can be portrayed on a static paper map voluminous data 1000 GB = 1 TB of data is sent from a single satellite in one day 1 GB data is needed to describe the US street network
7 Geographic information Technologies Technologies for collecting and dealing with geographic information GPS Remote sensing Geographic information system
8 GI Technologies Types 1. Global Positioning System (GPS) - Earth-orbiting satellites Measuring earths position received by electronic devices expressed in Lat and Long Eg. GLONASS
9 GPS
10 .GI Technologies Types 2. Remote sensing Earth-orbiting satellite Captures info about the surface and atmosphere below Uses EM spectrum EM transmitted to receiving stations Transformed Dissemination as digital images
11 RS
12 .GI Technologies Types 3. Geographic information system (GIS) computer based system capable of capturing, storing, analyzing and displaying geographical reference information (USGS 1997) a system for input, storage, manipulation, and output of geographic information
13 Geographic Information System
14 GIS components
15 Why computer based? why use computers to handle information? easy to store, retrieve, query, manipulate, send, receive, copy, display... most of these things can be done by hand, but only slowly paper maps are difficult to handle, store, send,receive, copy... GIS makes all of these operations easier today, all kinds of information are being handled in computers good to have one place to go for all kinds of information one system (the Internet) used to send, receive all kinds
16 What does GIS looks like? Real application With the 5 components mentioned earlier Software a type of software sold by a software developer Open source software (SAGA or Quantum)
17 GIS Applications Mapping locations Mapping quantities Mapping densities Finding distances Mapping and monitoring change
18 Much sophisticated functions: Utility companies Transportation Farming precision agriculture Forestry Hydrogeology Ecosystem services mapping and valuation Mapping and monitoring change Requires human expertise
19
20 Process involving GIS Define the problem Interpret and present the results Acquire the software Perform the analysis Acquire the data
21 Geographic information science (GIS) is the science behind the technology considers fundamental questions raised by the use of systems and technologies is the science needed to keep technology at the cutting edge Multi-disciplinary field cartography, geodesy, photogrammetry Environmental Science Ecosystem Accounting
22 Why the Science how to assess a representation how to measure its accuracy how to measure what's missing, its uncertainty how to express these in ways that are meaningful to the user how to describe them in documentation how to visualize them how to simulate their impacts
23 GIS Relevance to Phil-WAVES To solve a problem To monitor To support a decision To help plan
24 Summary geographic information is information about places on the earth's surface geographic information technologies include global positioning systems (GPS), remote sensing and geographic information systems. geographic information systems are both computer systems and software GIS can have many different manifestations GIS is used for a great variety of applications geographic information science is the science behind GIS technology
25 Questions????
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