Italy- Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lombardy, Trento, Emilia Romagna, Lazio, Venice, Belluno, Treviso, Vicenza, Verona, Padua, and Rovigo

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1 V E N E T I A N

2 Locations Spoken: Italy- Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lombardy, Trento, Emilia Romagna, Lazio, Venice, Belluno, Treviso, Vicenza, Verona, Padua, and Rovigo Slovenia Croatia Romania Chipilo, Mexico Talian dialect spoken in the Brazilian states of Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina

3 An estimated 2,280,387

4 Gallo Romance- Gallo Italic- Venetian?

5 Where does Venetian come from? Baltics? Troy? Turkey?

6 Early Venetian History City of Padua founded in 1000 b.c. Pottery found from 4 th century b.c. in Isola Vicentia with ethnic name 'Venetkens' meaning 'venet kin' They had their own coins and a goddess that they worshiped, called Reita. They had an alphabet taken from the Etrurians. Writings were right to left and then left to write. Known for horse-breeding, navigational skills and amber trade from Baltics.

7 Roman Expansion and Venetian Substration - although the people were allowed to keep their customs and language, Venetian still took on Latin lexicon and grammar as a substrate language. - by 3 rd century A.D. the language was barely spoken - only a few features survived through Vulgar Latin - evidence of the Venetian vernacular emerged in the 8 th century in a riddle written by a monk in Verona, called the Veronese Riddle, it was a mix between Vulgar Latin and the local vernacular.

8 The Venetian Rebuplic: 8 th -18 th Centuries A.D first doge or duke of Veneto, Paoluccio Anafesto great naval power, Venetian becames lingua franca for trade receives a 1/4 of Constantinople in a treaty s- losing some territory to Ottoman Empire They tried to stay neutral in many European wars, staying independent while the rest of Italy lost power to France, but were ultimately overcome.

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11 Venetian Literature Venetian writings were most popular during the Venetian Republic from about The most notable were Ruzante, , Carlo Goldoni, , and Casanova, Even into the 20 th century, poets such as Biagioi Marin continued to write in Venetian. He has witten many famous poems, some of which can be seen here

12 The Fall of Venetian In 1796 French troops under Napoleon occupied Veneto and after some struggle, the region became Austrian October 18, In 1806 Napoleon returned with an army and forced Venetians to pay for peace. In 1815 Austrians gain back power in a treaty with France and subjects the people of Veneto to heavy taxation. A revolt in 1848 leads to one year of freedom, but only to be defeated by the Austrians again.

13 Fall of Venetian cont... The Kindgon of Italy joined Prussia in a war against Austria and won the region of Veneto October 19 th After this, the Kingdom of Italy began a nationalization movement to unify the country of Italy. Venetian culture and langauge was seen as an inferior ethnic group and the Italian language began to dominate. Many were forced to immigrate due to the harsh conditions in the 1800s and even into the 1960s.

14 Movements in Revitalization Although the Regional Council of Veneto officially recognized the Venetian language on March 28, 2007, the Italian government still has not, and in fact they call it a dialect. All speakers must learn Italian in order to function in society and many young people are now not taking the time to learn the language. Attempts have been made to standardize the language so that it will be accepted as an actual langauge and possible taught in schools in the region. There is already a grammar book

15 Movements in Revitalization cont... There are still people who wish for Venetian independence claiming they have been under social apartheid. This website advocates Venetian pride and is entirely in the language. This youtube video shows the repression felt by speakers of the Venetian language and urges people to speak out. Argument For separate language

16 Venetian Popular Culture Venetian Music: Rock and Reggae Online Newspaper Lots of dubbed movies and tv shows: Clifford and Avatar

17 Websites Sitoveneto In Venetian, Italian and English, offers guide to language including history. Venetnet Is an all Venetian online newspaper for the region of Veneto. Dizsionario Is a serious online dictionary for Venetion with other resources for the language. Dialetto-Veneto Is in Italian and Venetian. It offers some basics on the language and region of Veneto. It is most likely for tourists. Online Grammar Book Complete overview of language. Linguaveneta In Venetian, Italian and English, offers complete guide to language, beginners dictionary, grammar and a history of language. Venipedia Has pronunciation for alphabet and links for other websites. Literature And Language in wikipedia, both in Venetian language with Venetian sources. Cimbripan Is a local website in Venetian about local folk music.

18 Venetian Numbers and Months

19 Other Sources: