Yoga and ayurveda. What are the differences? There is no simple mapping from one system to the other, but we will show how is it possible.

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1 Yoga and ayurveda Geza M. Timcak and Ivo Sedlacek Material for workshops 39th EUY Congress in Zinal Savita Yoga International 2012

2 Yoga and ayurveda Yoga and ayurveda both deal with humans. Ayurveda is more interested in health, yoga traditionally presumes good health for its sadhakas. Present day yoga has lower demands and is used for health purposes, too. These two sciences are complementary.

3 Yoga and ayurveda What are the differences? Yoga uses the sankhya world model with a few amendments. It works with the concept of 5 main pranas, 5 tanmatras, 5 mahabhutas, 5 jnanendriyas, 5 karmendriyas and 5 koshas. Further it works with 5+2 chakras. In practice yoga works also with the concept of 3 gunas. Ayurveda uses the tridosha model (vata, pitta, kapha) There is no simple mapping from one system to the other, but we will show how is it possible.

4 Purusa Prákrti Mahat (Buddhi) Ahamkára Srotra (hearin g) VATA Vák (ability to express) VATA Indriják (ability to perceive) Jnana (knowing) Ability to sense Tvak (touch) VATA Chaks us (sigh) PITTA Ability to act Upastha (procrea tion) KAPHA Páyu (elimin ation) KAPH A Rasa na (tasti ng) KAP HA Ghrán a (smelli ng) KAPH A Páni (holding) VATA Manas Karma (activity) Páda (movement in space) PITTA Tanmátras ( that-ness that enable sensing and energies that make perception possible) Shabda (sound) Ákásha ( ether ) Sparsha (touch) Váyu (air) Rúpa (form) Tejas (fire, light) Rása (taste ) Ápas z (wate r) Gand ha (fragra nce) Prithi ví (earth) Mahábhútas (elements, sensory preimages)

5 Dhatus of ayurveda Dhatus - constituents Rasa plasma Raktha - blood Mamsa muscle Madas fat Asthi bone Majja marrow and nerves Shukra reproductory tissues/semen In yoga all this falls into annamaya kosha.

6 Malas Malas are the products of excretory systems Sweat (swed) Urine (moorta) Stool (shakrit) Ama toxins that the body is unable to excretre (can be eliminated by hot baths and skin scrubbing and/or diet) For yoga malas are not physical.

7 Malas in yoga Malas of yoga are Avidya incorrect perception of self Asmita - egoism Raga attraction to things or processes; attachment Dwesha displeasure with things or processes, repulsion Abhinivesha fear of death

8 Bodily processes and tattvas The processes in the body governed by the doshas have their rythms. These rythms have some similarities to those of tattvas as defined in swara yoga. They differ, however in timing and duration

9 Dosha rythms The differences sonsists of doshas changing every 4 hours and the tattvas every 24 minutes, with 1 greater cycle every 2 hours. In case of tattvas, the starting point is at sunrise kapha (meditation, yoga) pitta (also eating) vata (good for mental activity) kapha (meditation, yoga) pitta (sleep) vata (sleep) This system does not mention work specifically, but 14-18h is considered as the best for creative activities.

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11 Chakras and doshas Chakra Dosha Tattva Muladhara kapha earth Svadhisthana kapha water Manipura pitta fire Anáhata vata air Visuddha vata akasha Ajna - - Sahasrara - -

12 Doshas and tattvas Vata Pitta Kapha Air and akasha Fire and Water Water and Earth

13 Doshas and tattvas Yoga and ayurveda have different working models, but ayurveda uses shatkarmas (basti, tratak, special neti [nasja], shanka prakshalana), ásanas, pranayama and meditation. It uses 107 marmas that it can treat through masage and other ways. Yoga tradition has different types of marmas and it uses them for pratyahara training.

14 Prana, tejas, ojas Vitality needs 3 components Prana- vital energy To fortify use KRÍM Tejas subtle fiery vitality, kundalini To fortify use HRÍM Ojas subtle watery energy, amrit To fortify use SHRÍM Deficiency and overabundance both are harmful.

15 Asanas and doshas Vata constitution asanas for lower back and hip; torsion, forward bending (low vata level equalizing); backward bending (high vata dissipation) Pitta constitution asanas for lower back (dhanurasana, bhujangasana...), forward bending (energizing) Kapha constitution longer keeping the asanas (up to sweating), surya namaskar..

16 Pranayama and doshas Kapha type of personality: surya dominant pranayama Pitta type of personality: chandra dominant pranayama Vata type of personality: nadi sodhana pranayama or ujjayi

17 Mantras Mantras are used for meditation Meditation facilitates mental and physical equilibrium Types of mantras used: Óm Bijas of the chakras and chakra yantra petals Bíja mantras hrím, krím, hum, shrím The sounds of the Sanskrt alphabet Vedic mantras Tantrika mantras

18 Meditation for various constitutions Dharana and dhyana To induce inner fire: agneya ashtra mantra To give inner aim. Gayatri To give inner peace Mahamrtyunjaya mantra

19 Mahamrityunjaya mantra Om tryambakam yajamahe Sughandhim pushti vardhanam Urva rukamiva bandhanan Mrtyor mukshya mamritaat.

20 Agneya ashtra mantra Om jatavédase sunavama somá marati yato nidáhati vedáha Sanáh parshadatí durgani vishvá Naveva sindhum durita tyagnihi

21 Dosha purification through Gayatri There are 5 Gayatris that purify and charge the bhutas in us: They are used in such a way that after the recitation of the appropriate Gayatri, kapalabhati is done. There may be 1 or more cycles.

22 Prithvi Gayatri Om Prtihvi devayi vidmahe Sahasramurtyai dhimahi Tanno Prthvi prachodayat

23 Apas Gayatri Om Jala Bimbhaya vidmahe Nila purushaya dhimahi Tanno Varunah prachodayat

24 Agni Gayatri Om Maha Jwalaya vidmahe Agnidevaya dhímahi Tanno Agnih prachodayat

25 Vayu Gayatri Om Anjaneya vidmahe Vayu putraya dhímai Tanno Hanuman prachodayat

26 Akasha Gayatri Om Akshakashama vidmahe Shabdadevayi dhímahi Tanno Sabda prachodayat

27 Translation Prthvi devayi Vidmahe"..meaning we will know Prthvi Deva.. Sahasramurtyaye Dhimahi" meaning "we will meditate on Sahasramurtha, we will attain the 1000 faced One"... Tanno prthvi prachodayat" meaning "Through that, prthvi will encourage, enlighten us"...

28 Work with the tattvas

29 Step one Shatkarmas Neti Dhauti Basti Shanka prakshalana Purification of marmas through massage

30 Danda neti Taught by the great yogi Prabhudatta Brahmachhari

31 Danda neti It has to be mastered under expert supervision

32 Tattva balancing pranayama The nose contains zones sensitive to tattvas These zones help to read the information on tattvas in the external environment and to synchronize the inner tattva clock and the outer one.

33 Zones that synchronize outer and inner tattva flow

34 Tattva rythms Left nostril Both nostrils Right nostril Ákásha Air Fire Earth Water

35 Placement of tattva zones septum Nasal cavity 1 air 2 fire 3 earth 4 water 5 - ákásha 5

36 Placement of tattva zones starting areas earth air fire akasha water

37 PRATYAHARA & DHYANA Meditation: Mahamrtyunjaya mantra Óm srim hrim lam namaha Feel the prthvi zone in the nose slowly inhale and feel the attention going down to muladhara. During exhalation feel as the earth type of tattva is reaching every part of the body where it is needed. Dharana on the internal feelings The same for the rest of tattvas

38 Mantras Óm srim hrim lam namaha Óm srim hrim vam namaha Óm srim hrim ram namaha Óm srim hrim jam namaha Óm srim hrim ham namaha

39 The effect on doshas The vata dosha is strengthened by air and akasha tattva distributed through tattva pranayama The pitta dosha is strengthened by agni tattva distributed through tattva pranayama The kapha dosha is strengthened by earth and water tattva distributed through tattva pranayama

40 Christina And Stan Grof (their archive)

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42 Tattva shuddhi Purusha Prákrti Mahat Ahamkára Doshas Tattvas Bija and pranayama

43 References Bihar School of yoga material on swara yoga and tattva shuddhi A. Avalon s books on Shova and Shakti SAJ: Teaching materials for yoga teachers Books on yoga and ayurveda Web resources A. Grey web site Other web pages dealing with ayurveda, tattvas and mantras Frawley D.: Yoga and ayurveda, Lotus Press, 1999

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