Optimizing Turfgrass Fungicide Management Programs on Golf Course Turf in the Northeast. Dr. Bruce B. Clarke Rutgers University
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1 Optimizing Turfgrass Fungicide Management Programs on Golf Course Turf in the Northeast Dr. Bruce B. Clarke Rutgers University
2 The Best Turf Disease Management Programs: Optimize Cultural Management Practices to reduce plant stress and limit disease development Augment traditional disease control strategies with improved methods of Biological Control Utilize Cultivars with Improved Genetic Resistance / Tolerance Classical breeding Use of biotechnology Maximize Chemical Control Strategies by utilizing - Improved application strategies Enhanced disease forecasting models Benefits of tank-mixes and premixes in improving efficacy Best management practices to reduce fungicide inputs (single and multiple factor interactions)
3 Maximize Chemical Control Strategies by utilizing: Improved application strategies
4 Increasing Fungicide Performance with Improved application strategies Water Volume / Dew Removal Nozzle Selection Timing of Applications Wash-Off /..Water ph
5 Increasing Fungicide Performance with Improved application strategies Water Volume / Dew Removal
6 Influence of Water Volume on Fungicide Efficacy: Low Dollar Spot Severity 2.5 gal/1,000 sq ft 1.2 gal/1,000 sq ft Chlorothalonil (Daconil oz) Applied after dew removal. In general, the contact fungicide provided better dollar spot control when applied at 1.2 gal/1,000 sq ft under low to moderate disease severity. 21 days after last treatment.
7 How much water volume is needed under High Dollar Spot Pressure?
8 Effects of Water Volume on Dollar Spot Under Very High Disease Pressure Bent Green Number of Lesions Untreated DU 1.6 oz 1.0 gal DU 3.2 oz 1 gal Rutgers University
9 Effects of Water Volume on Dollar Spot Very Under High Disease Pressure Bent Green Number of Lesions Untreated DU 1.6 oz 2.0 gal DU 3.2 oz 2 gal Rutgers University
10 Optimizing Summer Patch Chemical Control Apply in 2-4 gal water / 1000 ft 2 or Irrigate immediately after spraying
11 % Disease Summer Patch Control Gal Water 10 Gal Water Banner Fungo 50 Tersan 1991 Cleary 3336 Control
12 Impact of Dew Removal on Fungicide Efficacy Image courtesy Keith Happ USGA
13 Effect of Dew Removal on Fungicide Effectiveness for control of Dollar Spot Fungicide applied morning with dew Fungicide applied after dew removed Contact fungicide (e.g., Daconil oz) provided better dollar spot control when dew was removed in the morning Dew prevents contact fungicides from spreading over the leaf to provide complete protection. (McDonald and Dernoeden, 2007)
14 Effect of Dew Removal on Fungicide Effectiveness for Control of Dollar Spot Fungicide applied morning with dew Fungicide applied after dew removed Propiconazole (Banner 0.5 fl oz) Dew had no effect on the efficacy of this penetrant fungicide 21 days after last treatment.
15 Recommendations For contacts, use gallons water per 1,000 sq ft was optimum for dollar spot control. Under very severe dollar spot pressure, use maximum rates and 2.0 gallons water / 1,000 sq ft. Remove dew to improve the performance of contact fungicides (e.g., chlorothalonil), but not DMI fungicides (e.g., propiconazole). The tank mixture of contact (chlorothalonil) and penetrant (propiconazole) provided better disease control than either applied alone under high disease severity
16 Increasing Fungicide Performance with Optimum Application Strategies Nozzle Selection
17 Nozzle Types XR and XRC TeeJet TwinJet Turbo TeeJet Flat Fan Spray Pattern TurfJet AI TeeJet (Air Induction) Turbo TwinJet Raindrop Hollow Cone Spray Pattern
18 Spray Coverage Excellent XR Nozzle Fine to Medium Turbo TeeJet Medium to Coarse Air-induction Course to Very Coarse TurfJet Extremely Coarse Poor Raindrop Extremely Coarse
19 50 GPA = 1.15 gallons per 1000 sq. ft. Nozzle Coverage Water sensitive paper turns blue when it makes contact with water Raindrop TurfJet XR nozzle Airinduction
20 Poor Drift Control Excellent Raindrop TurfJet Air-induction Turbo TeeJet XR nozzle
21 Spray Solution Air-induction Air Spray Solution Air
22 The Impact of Water Volume and Nozzle Type on Fungicide Efficacy
23 Number of lesion Centers Impact of Water Volume and Nozzle Type on Dollar Spot Control gal/1000 ft² (chlorothalonil - Daconil 1.8 oz/ M) AI Turbo XR Del. Untr. Nozzle Type Fidanza: Research Conducted for Rutgers Field Day
24 Number of lesion Centers Impact of Water Volume and Nozzle Type on Dollar Spot Control gal/1000 ft² (chlorothalonil 1.8 oz/ M) AI Turbo XR Del. Untr. Nozzle Type Research Conducted for Rutgers Field Day
25 Number of lesion Centers Impact of Water Volume and Nozzle Type on Dollar Spot Control gal/1000 ft² (chlorothalonil oz/ M) AI Turbo XR Del. Untr. Nozzle Type Fidanza: Research Conducted for Rutgers Field Day
26 Increasing Fungicide Performance with Optimum Application Strategies Wash-Off /..Water ph
27 Impact of Simulated Rainfall Dollar Spot Control: Rutgers Five Fungicide Treatments Daconil Ultrex (1.8) Chipco 26GT (3.0) Trinity (1.0) Renown (mixture of chlorothalonil and azoxystrobin) Disarm (0.18) Half inch rainfall treatments were applied Immediately following application (within 5 minutes) Four hours after application 24 hours after application None
28 NO WATER immediately following EFFECT OF SIMULATED RAINFALL ON DOLLAR SPOT CONTROL WITH Chipco 26GT 3 fl oz/1,000 sq ft
29 CHIPCO 0.5 INCHES FOUR HOURS AFTER Untreated EFFECT OF SIMULATED RAINFALL ON DOLLAR SPOT CONTROL WITH Chipco 26GT 3 fl oz/1,000 sq ft
30 Summary All fungicide treatments reduced dollar spot when compared to untreated All fungicides were impacted by simulated rainfall. Chlorothalonil (contact fungicide) was most affected by rainfall immediately following application
31 What Impact of Water ph on Fungicide Efficacy?
32 What is the Impact of ph on the Control of $-Spot? Most pesticides stable at ph 4 to 6 Some fungicides decompose ph > 7. -alkaline hydrolysis -loss of pesticide efficacy -examples: -Polyoxin D (Endorse) fungicide -Thiophanate methyl (Cleary s 3336) Refer to product MSDS sheet for ph stability information
33 Dollar Spot (# Infection Centers) Impact of Water ph on Dollar Spot Control with Cleary oz/m a b c c Untr. Water Carrier ph Rutgers, bentgrass green, July 19, 2007.
34 Dollar Spot (# Infection Centers) Impact of Water ph on Dollar Spot Control with Daconil Ultrex (1.8 oz/m) b ab a 2 0 d d d Untr. Water Carrier ph Bellewood GC, bentgrass fairway, July 11, 2006 Fidanza (PSU)
35 Dollar Spot (# Infection Centers) Impact of Water ph on Dollar Spot Control with Banner 0.5 fl oz/m a b b b b b Untr. Water Carrier ph Bellewood GC, bentgrass fairway, July 11, 2006 Fidanza (PSU)
36 Increasing Fungicide Performance with Optimum Application Strategies Water Volume / Dew Removal Nozzle Selection Timing of Applications Wash-Off /..Water ph
37 Timing of Fungicide Applications can Affect Efficacy Timing based on a temp. threshold (degree days, soil temps, other environmental perameters)
38 Summer Patch Chemical Control Timing Soil temp. 65 o 2 depth for 5 to 7 consecutive days
39 Patch Diameter (inches) 7 6 Application Timing and Summer Patch Rutger s University Baron Kentucky Bluegrass Fairway height Inoculated on June Aug. 2 Aug. 18 Sep.1 Sep. 19 Untreated J/J/A J/J J/A Banner applied at 4 fl oz/ 1,000 ft sq on a 28 day interval.
40 Early Season Dollar Spot Applications Should You Rethink the Timing of Your Fungicide Program for the Control of Dollar Spot on Fairways?
41 Photo July 7, 2004 Dr. Mike Boehm, Ohio State Univ #5 Fairway No early spring applications
42 Photo July 7, 2004 Dr. Mike Boehm, Ohio State Univ #5 Fairway with one early spring application
43 Early Season Dollar Spot Suppression with a Single Application of Various Fungicides, # Lesion centers / plot 1 Treatment and rate / 1000 sq ft 6 June 20 June Curalan 50EG 1.0 oz 1 a 10 a Banner MAXX 1.3ME 1.0 fl oz 6 ab 14 a Emerald 70 WG 0.13 oz 9 a-c 19 a Bayleton 2SC 1.0 fl oz 11 a-c 19 a Chipco 26GT 2SC 2.0 fl oz 18 b-d 30 ab Daconil Ultrex 82.5WDG 1.8 oz 33 c-e 54 b Insignia 20WG 0.5 oz 46 de 56 b Untreated Check 89 f 87 c 1 Treatments were applied on 13 April, (6 June = 7.7 WAT; 20 June = 9.7 WAT) F & N 2007: Kaminski
44 Delaying the Initial Outbreak and Severity of Dollar Spot on Fairways with an Early Spring Application of Fungicides? One Early Spring Application - with an effective dollar spot fungicide or a tank mixture of two good dollar spot fungicides after the Second True Mowing of the season
45 Maximize Chemical Control Strategies by utilizing: Improved application strategies Enhanced disease forecasting models
46 Some examples of disease prediction models: Brown patch (on creeping bents) Pythium blight Dollar spot
47 Brown Patch air temperature precipitation + irrigation relative humidity dew period soil temperature
48 Brown Patch (Bentgrass) 1. Low soil temp > 64 F 2. Low air temp > 59 F (Warning canceled if below 59 F in next 48 hours) 3. RH > 95% for at least 10 hours 4. Rainfall/irrigation of at least 0.1 inches Schumann, Clarke and Burpee, 2001
49 Maximize Chemical Control Strategies by utilizing: Improved application strategies Enhanced disease forecasting models Benefits of tank-mixes and premixes in improving fungicide efficacy
50 Evaluating Tank Mixtures for the Control of Anthracnose
51 Curative Control of Anthracnose Basal Rot on an Annual Bluegrass Green Univ. Riverside, CA Rated on 24 July Applied every 14 days from 15 Jun 1 Sept Wong et al (2002) Plant Dis Mgm t Rpt 1:T064
52 Preventive Control of Anthracnose on an Annual Bluegrass Green (Test-1) : Rutgers, 2011* * Fungicides applied from 17 May to 23 August
53 Suppression of Summer Patch by the Biological Control Product Companion on Kentucky Bluegrass Turf 1999 Companion microbial inoculant contains Bacillus subtilis GB03 (> 1.5 x CFU/L); Heritage 50WG 0.4 oz / 1,000 sq ft every
54 New Turfgrass Fungicide Mixtures Trade Name Common Name FRAC # Briskway azoxystrobin + difenoconazole Concert chlorothalonil + propiconazole M5 + 3 Disarm C fluoxastrobin + chlorothalonil 11 + M5 Disarm M fluoxastrobin + myclobutanil Honor boscalid + pyraclostrobin Encartis boscalid + chlorothalonil 7 + M5 Interface iprodione + trifloxystrobin Lexicon Insignia + fluxapyroxad Pillar pyraclostrobin + triticonazole Renown chlorothalonil + azoxystrobin M Reserve chlorothalonil + triticonazole M5 + 3 Stellar fluopicolide + propamocarb Tartan trifloxystrobin + triadimefon
55 A Programmatic Approach to Controlling Anthracnose Basal Rot
56 Excellent Control of ABR: Programs (Alt/R) Rutgers Alternation Program for NE and Mid-Atlantic States ٠Mid-May DMI ٠Early-June Nitrile (chlorothalonil) ٠Mid- June Phosphonate (fosetyl-al) + Nitrile ٠Early-July Dicarboximide (iprodione) ٠Mid-July Phenylpyrrole (fludioxonil) + DMI (reduced rate) ٠Early-August Phosphonate + Nitrile ٠Mid-August Polyoxin-D + DMI (reduced rate) ٠Late-August (if weather is still hot) - Nitrile 14 d interval
57 Maximize Chemical Control Strategies by utilizing: Improved application strategies Enhanced disease forecasting models Benefits of tank-mixes and premixes in improving fungicide efficacy Best management practices to reduce fungicide inputs (single and multiple factor interactions)
58
59 Influence of N Rate and Fungicide Type on Red Thread Severity
60 Influence of N Form and Fungicide Rate on Summer Patch Severity Lynx AS Banner Sentinel Check High Rate Low Rate Lynx Urea Banner Sentinel Check % Disease Lynx 25DF 1.32/0.66; Banner 1.1E 4/2 fl oz; Sentinel 40WG 0.25/0.12 oz. Bent/Poa Green, Little Mill, CC, Marlton, NJ.
61 Best Management Practices can Reduce Fungicide Rates / Extend Intervals Needed to Control Turf Diseases
62 Putting It All Together BMPs Effect on Fungicide Efficacy Objective: To determine BMPs on fungicide efficacy. Factors: Mowing Height vs inch N Fertility 2.05 vs. 4.1 lb N per 1000 ft 2 per yr Fungicide Program - Calendar-based 14-day interval at 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% rates of fungicides (3.2 oz/m Dac Ultrex + 4 oz/m Signature) - Threshold schedule at 100% rate of fungicides
63 % Disease Fig. 1. Anthracnose severity affected by mowing height in in Fig. 2. Anthracnose severity affected by nitrogen fertility Low N High N 0 7-Jun 5-Jul 2-Aug 30-Aug 27-Sep 25-Oct 7-Jun 5-Jul 2-Aug 30-Aug 27-Sep 25-Oct N fertility had a greater effect on disease severity than mowing height. N fertility interacted with fungicide program, which means the effectiveness of a fungicide program depended on the level of N rate!
64 % Disease FUNGICIDE EFFICACY TRIAL: RESULTS NITROGEN X FUNGICIDE RATE INTERACTION* None 25% 50% 75% 100% a % 0 b a c b bc bc c High N High N Low N Low * Interaction data shown from Sept. 14, 2012 is representative of all rating dates in d d
65 TOTAL # OF FUNGICIDE APPLICATIONS (MAY- SEPT 2012): COMPARISON OF THRESHOLD APPLICATIONS TO COMBINATIONS OF NITROGEN PROGRAMS AND MOWING HEIGHTS Low Mow (0.090 in ) High Mow (0.125 in) Low N (2.05 lbs N 1000 ft -2 yr -1 ) High N (4.1 lbs N 1000 ft -2 yr -1 ) % 80% 10% less fungicide than calendar-based schedule
66 The Best Turf Disease Management Programs: Optimize Cultural Management Practices to reduce plant stress and limit disease development Augment traditional disease control strategies with improved methods of Biological Control Utilize Cultivars with Improved Genetic Resistance / Tolerance Classical breeding Use of biotechnology Maximize Chemical Control Strategies by utilizing - Improved application strategies Enhanced disease forecasting models Benefits of tank-mixes and premixes in improving efficacy Best management practices to reduce fungicide inputs (single and multiple factor interactions)
67 Are There any Questions? Rutgers Golf Turf Field Day B. Clarke and his graduate students and field crew July 29, 2013 Hort Farm II, North Brunswick, NJ
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