National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Floodplain Management Requirements: A Study Guide and Desk Reference for Local Officials TABLE OF CONTENTS
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1 National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Floodplain Management Requirements: A Study Guide and Desk Reference for Local Officials TABLE OF CONTENTS Unit O: Orientation A. Introduction... O-3 Study guide objectives... O-4 B. Study guide materials... O-5 Notebook... O-5 Flood insurance study and maps... O-6 Learning Checks... O-6 C. Using the Study Guide... O-7 Where to get help... O-7 D. Acknowledgments... O-8 Illustrations... O-8 Unit 1: Floods and Floodplain Management Introduction A. Floods and Floodplains Riverine Flooding Overbank flooding Flash flooding Riverine erosion Coastal flooding Coastal storms Coastal erosion Tsunamis Lake flooding Shallow Flooding Sheet flow Ponding Urban drainage Special Flood Hazards Closed basin lakes Uncertain flow paths Dam breaks Ice jams Mudflow Natural and beneficial floodplain functions Natural flood and erosion control Biologic resources and functions Societal resources and functions Table of Contents 1
2 B. Floodplain Development Floodplain Development Dynamics Riverine floodplains Watersheds Coasts Flood Damage Hydrodynamic forces Debris impact Hydrostatic forces Soaking Sediment and contaminants Safety and Health Hazards C. Floodplain Management Evolution The Unified National Program for Floodplain Management Strategies and tools Floodplain Management Strategies Strategy 1: Modify human susceptibility to flood damage Strategy 2: Modify the impact of flooding Strategy 3: Modify flooding itself Strategy 4: Preserve and restore natural resources Unit 2: The National Flood Insurance Program A. History B. How the NFIP Works Mapping Insurance Regulations C. Roles and Responsibilities The community role The state role The federal role D. Community Participation Joining the NFIP Compliance Probation Suspension Sanctions for non-participation Unit 3: NFIP Flood Studies and Maps A. NFIP Flood Studies Flood Study Terminology The base flood The 100-year flood Special flood hazard area and base flood elevation Identifying Floodprone Areas Table of Contents 2
3 Flood Insurance Study Flood County, USA and Incorporated Areas B. Riverine Studies Hydrology Cross Sections Hydraulics Flood Profile Floodplain Map Floodway Analysis C. Coastal Flood Studies Storm Surge Waves Hydraulic Analysis Coastal High Hazard Area Coastal Floodplain Map D. Shallow flooding studies E. Approximate Studies F. NFIP Maps General Map Features Map Index Title block Map revision date Map scales and north direction Elevation reference marks FIRM Zones Flood Hazard Boundary Map (FHBM) Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) old format (Pre 1986) Flood Boundary and Floodway Map (Floodway Map) Old format (Pre 1986) Flood Insurance Rate Map new format (Since 1986) Partial Map Initiatives FIRM FIRMs with Coastal and Lake Floodplains Coastal FIRMs Coastal Barrier Resources System Lakes Shallow Flooding FIRMs FIRMs with Flood Protection Projects Countywide FIRMs Digital FIRMs Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Q3 Flood Data Unit 4: Using NFIP Studies and Maps A. Using FIS Reports FIS Report Contents Using Flood Data and Tables Table of Contents 3
4 Flood discharges Floodway Data Table Coastal and Lake Elevations Relating Report Data to Maps and Profiles B. Using the Flood Maps Locating a Site Determining Stationing Base Flood Elevations from Maps Locating the Floodway Boundary C. Using Profiles Profile Features Determining Base Flood Elevations Profiles Other types of floodplains Relating flood elevations to the ground Relating Profiles to Maps D. Maintaining and Revising NFIP Maps Ordering Maps Changing NFIP Maps Types of Changes Maps and Letters Requesting Map Changes Unit 5: The NFIP Floodplain Management Requirements A. The NFIP s Regulations NFIP Regulations Community Types B. Maps and Data NFIP Maps and Data When FIRM and Ground Data Disagree Regulating Approximate A Zones Small developments Larger developments Draft Revised NFIP Data Advisory Flood Hazard Data C. Permit Requirements Development Permit Building permits Small projects Permits from Other Agencies D. Encroachments Regulatory Floodways Encroachment Review Streams without Floodway Maps Allowable increases in Flood Heights E. New Buildings in A Zones Buildings Table of Contents 4
5 Elevation Fill Piles, posts, piers or columns Walls or crawlspace How high? Elevation Certificate Enclosures Openings Use Floodproofing How high? Basements Basement Exceptions Basements and LOMR-F Areas Anchoring Flood-Resistant Material Accessory Structures Manufactured Homes Elevation Anchoring Recreational Vehicles AO and AH Zones A99 and AR Zones F. New Buildings in V Zones Building Location Elevation on Piles or Columns Wind and water loads Certification Breakaway Walls Coastal AE Zones G. Other Requirements Subdivisions Water and Sewer Systems Watercourse alterations Unit 6: Additional Regulatory Measures Introduction A. Taking B. State Regulatory Standards C. Higher Regulatory Standards Location Restrictions Highly hazardous areas Subdivision design Setbacks Manufactured homes Table of Contents 5
6 Natural areas Low-density zoning Bulding Requirements Freeboard Foundation standards Safety Requirements Critical facilities Hazardous materials Dry land access Encroachment Standards Compensatory Storage Stormwater Management Temporary Moratorium D. Flood Hazards of Special Concern Coastal Erosion Regulatory standards Tsunamis Regulatory standards Closed Basin Lakes Regulatory standards Uncertain Flow Paths Regulatory standards Dam Breaks Regulatory standards Ice Jams Regulatory standards Mudflows Regulatory standards E. Environmental Protection Measures Strategies Federal Regulations Wetland Protection Rare and Endangered Species On-site Sewage Disposal Facilities Siting Water Quality Regulations Special Designations Unit 7: Ordinance Administration Introduction A. The Ordinance Statutory Authority Types of ordinances Zoning ordinance Building codes Subdivision regulations Table of Contents 6
7 Sanitary regulations Stand alone ordinance Contents B. The Administrator Duties Qualifications Training Liability C. Development Permits When a permit is required Exemptions Permit Application Form Application Review Review for Completeness Review for Compliance Application Approval or Denial D. Inspections First Inspection Second Inspection Checking elevations Third Inspection Certificate of occupancy Later Inspections E. Enforcement Voluntary Compliance Administrative Steps Legal Recourses Section F. Appeals, Special Uses and Variances Appeals Special uses Variances Boards Variances NFIP requirements Historic buildings Functionally dependent use Records G. Records Permit File Elevation Certificate Floodproofing Certificate V Zone Certification No-rise Certification Biennial Report Table of Contents 7
8 Unit 8: Substantial Improvement and Substantial Damage Introduction A. Substantial Improvement Projects affected Post-FIRM buildings The Formula Market value Substantial Improvement Examples Example 1. Minor rehabilitation Example 2. Substantial rehabilitation Example 3. Lateral addition residential Example 4. Lateral addition nonresidential Example 5. Vertical addition residential Example 6. Vertical addition nonresidential Example 7. Post-FIRM building minor addition Example 8. Post-FIRM building substantial improvement B. Substantial Damage Cost to Repair Substantial Damage Examples Example 1. Reconstruction of a destroyed building Example 2. Substantially damaged structure Substantial Damage Software Increased Cost of Compliance C. Special Situations Exempt Costs Historic Structures Corrections of Code Violations Example Unit 9: Flood Insurance and Floodplain Management A. Flood Insurance Policies Who s Involved Coverage Building coverage Building defined Contents coverage Basements Enclosures Amount of coverage Waiting period The Mandatory Purchase Requirement Where it applies How it works B. Rating Buildings Rating pre-firm buildings Table of Contents 8
9 Rating New Buildings Submit for rate Elevation certificates Floodproofing Rating Unnumbered A Zones Premiums C. The Community Rating System Benefits CRS activities Public information activities Mapping and regulation activities Flood damage reduction activities Flood preparedness activities Publications D. The Coastal Barriers Resources System Unit 10: Disaster Operations and Hazard Mitigation A. Disaster Operations Emergency Operations Building Condition Survey High water marks Work maps Conduct Notice to owners Permit Requirements Permit required Clean up and emergency repairs Enforcement Initial inspection Posting Follow up Flooded buildings Contractor quality control Administration Permit forms Public information Technical assistance Staff assistance B. Hazard Mitigation Mitigation Measures Prevention Property protection Natural resource protection Emergency services Structural projects Public information Table of Contents 9
10 Mitigation Planning Benefits of planning The planning process Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 Planning Requirements Multi-Objective Management M-O-M guidelines Benefits C. Mitigation Assistance Programs Technical Assistance Property Owners Flood Mitigation Assistance Program Planning grants Project grants Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program Disaster Assistance Technical assistance Financial assistance Appendix A: FEMA Regional Offices... A-1 Appendix B: State Contacts...B-1 Appendix C: References...C-1 Appendix D: Glossary... D-1 Appendix E: NFIP Regulations...E-1 Appendix F: FEMA Forms...F-1 Appendix G: EMI Courses... G-1 Appendix H: Learning Checks and Exercises... H-1 Table of Contents 10
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