Sustainable Urban Development Strategies

Transcription

1 Sustainable Urban Development Strategies Ivana Kildsgaard, Researcher Anna Jarnehammar, Director IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute 2011/11/22

2 IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Sweden's leading organisation for applied environmental research Company Presentation January 2010

3 The broadest concentrated environmental expertise in Sweden around 180 employees 28% with post-graduate studies, 62% with master's degrees engineers, economists, social scientists, geoscientists, chemists, biologists, agriculturalists, communicators etc. More than 40 years' experience In continuous development since 1966 Jointly owned by Swedish government and Industry Strategic locations The Royal Institute of Technology Campus in Stockholm Chalmers University of Technology Campus in Gothenburg Accredited laboratories Company Presentation January 2010

4 Contents Sustainable urban development Sustainable development Sustainable tri-pod Sustainable Society Model Sustainable City level Planning principles Cases Hammarby sjöstad,sweden Stockholm Royal Seaport, Sweden Western Harbour in Malmö, Sweden Allarp, Laholm, Sweden Eco Viikki, Helsinki, Finland Pilestredet Park, Oslo, Norway

5 Sustainable development What is Sustainable development? Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Brundtland Commission of the United Nations, March1987. It is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come

6 How will the future look like? [Index 1985=1.00] Household wastel Population Huouse hold spenditure Prognos future waste Prognos future incomes Source: Profu

7 Sustainable tri-pod environmental - physical environment minimal ecological footprint, closing the loops energy efficiency, renewable energy, 0 CO 2 emissions resource efficiency, 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) materials waste and water management infrastructure planning and landscaping social diversity, safety and security health and well being flexibility, adaptability, attractively economic affordable, cost efficient over the whole life cycle Sustainable development Ecological Economic socio-environmental: close human contact with green open spaces socio-economic: available for all people Social

8 What is Sustainabel Urban Development? Waste management Attractive for people to live, work, meet, entertain, etc. Mixed areas, functions Close and interconnected with nature High employment rate Secure Sustainable development Climate adaptable Biodiversity Environmental friendly lifestyles Energy efficient Healthy enviornment Peaceful, safe, and social just Renewable energy sources Clean air and water

9 Sustainable urban development A complex world Many individual issues Many affected parties Many specialists One thing at a time Everything is interconnected Everyone s opinion must be reconciled All specialists are needed One thing at a time does not work

10 Sustainable City Model Integrated System Solutions Necessary On All Levels Increased complexity 4. Sust. City 3. Sust. District 2. Sust. Building 1. Sust. Materials & Products Full system and life cycle perspective Part-system and/or life cycle perspective

11 Sustainable City level Stockholm Royal Seaport Dynagraph AB The built environment, i.e. construction, operation and maintenance of houses and infrastructure The energy system The traffic and transport system The waste handling and recycling system The water supply and sewage handling system The landscape planning, ecology and biodiversity The distribution of city functions

12 Planning principles Cultural heritage and the local context the unique qualities of the site Accomodate to, and have respect for the site local climate; sun, temperature, and wind Resource effective layout of the city Economized transportation public transport, consider the function of mobility "not just roads, cars, trains" Functional integrated development Streetscape Greenscape and waterscape continous green spaces Eco-cycle & energy strategies create an Eco-cycle model

13 Hammarby sjöstad - example of a sustainable city area in Sweden Stockholm's largest urban project for many years Inner city area development with its waterside setting in focus Transformation of old industrial and dockland area into a modern urban environment Environmental issues included already at planning and implementation stages Energy efficiency and renewable energy from district heating plant in the area

14 Hammarby sjöstad the eco-cycle model The Hammarbymodel

15 Photos by: Milos Stankovic

19 Stockholm Royal Seaport, Sweden Stockholm Royal Seaport, map A world class urban district development with strong environmental focus. Three generic targets: by 2020 CO 2 emissions will be less than 1.5 tonnes/person (current Swedish average is 6.5) the area will be adapted to future climate change by 2030 the area will be fossil fuel-free (for the whole Stockholm the traget is set for 2050). Five target areas: energy use, environmental efficient transport adaptation to climate change cycles and cyclical model at system level lifestyle issues

20 Stockholm Royal Seaport, Sweden The planning process VISION A world class city district GENERAL GOALS Climate Environmental Sustainability Social Sustainability Economical Sustainability FOCUS AREAS energy use, environmental efficient transport adaptation to climate change cycles and cyclical model at system level lifestyle issues ACTION PLANS Sustainable infrastructure Environment friendly buildings Environment friendly business

21 Western Harbour in Malmö, Sweden One of the biggest in Europe at the beginning of the 21 st century Old shipyard area used for Bo01 housing expo in Supported by the Authorities. Main goals for the area are: creating new jobs increase the attractiveness of Malmö encouraging and facilitating peoples involvement in the change to sustainable development reducing environmental impact enhancing energy efficiency favouring the use of renewable raw materials increasing reuse and recycling preserving and strengthening biodiversity reducing the use of hazardous chemicals

22 Western Harbour in Malmö, Sweden Urban planning ( 8 areas) "toolkit" for development and planning Soil decontamination Energy 100% locally produced renewable energy (wind, solar, ground and seawater heat extraction) Eco cycle waste management Energy from nutritive substances in sludge (from wastewater) is extracted and reused Organic waste into biogas Transport Bicycles and pedestrians given priority Public transportation systems Carpool Photos by: Milos Stankovic Alternative fuel

23 Western Harbour in Malmö, Sweden 8 input areas... cont Green structure and water optimum space for biodiversity Building and living diversity in forms of tenure building ecologically and cost-efficiently new solutions and methods for building systems no hazardous materials Photo: Milos Stankovic Information, knowledge dissemination and trade fair activities Climate communication strategy bildboards, TV adds... Environmental TV on the Internet ClimateXperiment for the school children

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27 p The Sustainable Small Area

28 ut Allarp Smaller town in south of Sweden Sustainable City Area Ecologically, socially and economically sustainable in residents

29 ironmental aims in the area Minimize the impacts on the environment Emissions of green house gases Use of resources Self-supporting on energy Use of modern technology

30 self-supporting city area umptions ll buildings in the area has a low energy consumption, and all energy sources available are fully utilized. ll buildings in the area are connected to a district heating system that connected to a power plant that can run on biogas, pellets and wood aste (utilize renewable resources) itigating the environmental impact by minimizing the emissions of reenhouse gases by using solar cells, solar panels and windmills istrict heating system will create a buffer option for those households at choose to produce their own heat or electricity. The whole area is

31 required amount of energy in rea Electricity and heatning demand during 1 year Heating Electricity Maximum heating effect

32 gy balance demand and supply Yearly balance Solar heat Solar power Wind power Heat recovery Electricity supply/demand per month Biofuel Biofuel Biofuel Imprt and export Electricity demand Heating demand

33 Viikki, Helsinki, Finland in planning aspects: alistic ecological innovations IMWAG criteria for steering ecological lanning - 5 main factors: pollution, tilization of natural resources, ealthiness of buildings, bio-diversity, nd relation to food production (nutrition); 6 criteria for assessing a project

34 stredet Park, Oslo, Norway thematic environmental programme: tifiable goals for energy and water. The rest design instructions (weight) reuse of demolition materials (goal was compared to Norwegian average 5%), 75% reuse of struction waste, re than 25% (weight) reuse of materials in new ldings and landscaping, visible reuse of old building ponents in outdoor areas reduction in energy consumption compared to ional average en roofs Roof terraces have ca 30% cover of plants ditional saving in energy consumption: 1kWh/m 2 )

35 Climate & Energy Resources Place shaping port & movement Ecology & biodiversity biodiversity Buildings BREEAM Communities

36 antages and dissadvantages of systems well structured way of working with all three sustainable aspects deliveres higher quality best case implementations stimulates innovation has third part evaluation develops comminication and cooperation among different stakeholder at an early stage of the development costly time-consuming process

37 clusions tainable city development is a complex process takes time needs clear goals and follow up programs cessful tools are available as a support cessful examples are available but local thinking is cessary for local success

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