The policy or doctrine of asserting the interests of one's own nation, viewed as separate from the interests of other nations or the common interests

Transcription

1 1 World War I Causes - Impact of War 2 CAUSES OF WAR 3 Catch-22 "Let someone else get killed!" "Suppose everyone on our side felt that way?" "Well then I'd certainly be a damned fool to feel any other way, wouldn't I?" "Englishmen are dying for England, Americans are dying for America, Germans are dying for Germany, Russians are dying for Russia. There are now fifty or sixty countries fighting in this war. Surely so many countries can all be worth dying for?" "Anything worth living for," said Nately, "is worth dying for." "And anything worth dying for," answered the old man, "is certainly worth living for." Joseph Heller (Catch 22) 4 What is Nationalism? The policy or doctrine of asserting the interests of one's own nation, viewed as separate from the interests of other nations or the common interests

2 The policy or doctrine of asserting the interests of one's own nation, viewed as separate from the interests of other nations or the common interests of all nations. extreme devotion/loyalty to one's own nation above all others 5 White Man s Burden Europe & US needed to colonize uncivilized people It s the white man s burden to educate, christianize & modernize uncivilized people 6 White Man s Burden 7 White Man s Burden 8 Empires & Alliances What to look for? What countries are allied with each other? What are the major empires? Terms: 1) arms race 2) alliances 3) The Allies 4) Central Powers People: 1) Franz Ferdinand 2) The Black Hand

3 People: 1) Franz Ferdinand 2) The Black Hand Reasons for WWI? 9 Terms to Know What caused the world wide Arms Race? Imperialism (need for international trade, resources & land) What is an alliance? When 2 or more countries pledge to defend each other if attacked by an outside nation Who was apart of the Triple Entente aka The Allies? France, Great Britain & Russia Who was apart of the Triple Alliance aka Central Powers? Germany, Austria- Hungary, Ottoman Empire 10 The cause of WWI Who was Franz Ferdinand? Arch-Duke of Austria Who were the Black Hand? What did they want? Ultra Nationalist Serbian Group

4 Who were the Black Hand? What did they want? Ultra Nationalist Serbian Group Wanted to reunite all Serbs under one rule How did World War I start? 1) Black Hand assassinated Franz Ferdinand... 2) Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia... 3) Russia declared war on A- H... 4) Germany declared war on Russia & France... 5) Great Britain declared war on Germany & A-H 11 World Map of Empires 12 World Map of Empires 13 World Map of Empires 14 World Map of Empires 15 World Map of Empires 16 Ottoman Empire 17 World Map of Empires

5 16 Ottoman Empire 17 World Map of Empires 18 European Map of Alliances 19 Eurasian Map of Alliances 20 European Map of Alliances 21 Quiz QUIZ TIME 22 MILITARY TACTICS 23 Military Tactics What to look for: Military Tactics New Weapons Terms: 1) Trenches 2) No Man s Land 24 Military Tactics What were some new military tactics? Trench Warfare, Blockades What were new forms of technology? Chemical weapons, tanks, airplanes, machine guns, flame throwers What were The Trenches? Dugout paths in the war zone where soldiers would live in & fight from... protected by

6 Dugout paths in the war zone where soldiers would live in & fight from... protected by barbed wire 25 Military Tactics What was No Man s Land? Land between the trenches What were U-Boats? British Blockade & German Blockade? German submarines used to attack Allied boats G.B. set up blockade of goods from getting into Germany (750,000 Germans died b/c of blockade) Germany used U- Boats to prevent goods from getting into G.B. (75,000 died b/c of U-Boat blockade) 26 US DECLARES WAR 27 Neutrality to War Neutrality: the state or position of being impartial or not allied with or committed to either party or viewpoint in a conflict, especially a war or armed conflict

7 Neutrality: the state or position of being impartial or not allied with or committed to either party or viewpoint in a conflict, especially a war or armed conflict US did not actively support any European nation at beginning of WWI Lusitania: US luxury ship used to secretly smuggle weapons to Great Britain... sunken by German U-Boats U-Boats: Ended freedom of the seas in the Atlantic Ocean during WWI 28 Zimmermann Note Germany sent coded telegram to Mexico Mexico rejected 1) Mexico would join Central Powers 2) Mexico invade US from South & reclaim Texas, New Mexico, Arizona 3) Mexico would create alliance between Germany & Japan 4) Germany would carry out unrestricted U-Boat warfare on US coast

8 4) Germany would carry out unrestricted U-Boat warfare on US coast 29 Effect of Note?? Great Britain intercepted Telegram & forwarded message to US US public was enraged at Mexico & Germany US ENTERS WORLD WAR I 30 Quiz QUIZ TIME 31 US ENTERS WAR 32 Pair & Share open books to page copy down chart for Question 3... with your partner fill in the chart for Preparations leading to WWI 33 Gov t control of WAR Food & Fuel Administration: regulated production & supply of food & fuel in US & to soldiers War Industries Board: Oversaw regulation of industrial production & distribution (rubber, steel, etc) in US & to soldiers National War Labor Board: Arbitrated disputes between laborers & business

9 War Industries Board: Oversaw regulation of industrial production & distribution (rubber, steel, etc) in US & to soldiers National War Labor Board: Arbitrated disputes between laborers & business owners during wartime Committee on Public Information: Created propaganda campaign in order for American people to support war WAR IMPACT IN US 46 Social Impact Great Migration: Hundreds of thousands of Blacks left South & went North between Why would they do this?

10 Great Migration: Hundreds of thousands of Blacks left South & went North between Why would they do this? What was the outcome? Any positives? Any negatives? 47 Medical Impact The Great Flu Pandemic of 1918: roughly 600,000 Americans died from Spanish Flu during 1918 First time the flu become a widespread illness across the world Famous survivors - Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt Deaths close to home - my great great uncle on my dad s side... died at 25 from flu Political Impact Espionage & Sedition Acts:

11 52 Political Impact Espionage & Sedition Acts: Laws passed during WWI Became a crime to utter, print, write, or publish and disloyal... or abusive language against the gov t, flag or military Opposing The Draft, War-Bond drives or military industry = punishable crimes 53 WAR S END & IMPACT 54 Russian Revolution March 1917 Workers went on strike & protested their gov t & factories in the streets Demanded change & overthrew the Russian Czar November 1917 Bolsheviks (Russian socialist group) led by Vladimir Lenin took control of gov t March 1918 Withdrew troops from war & signed

12 Withdrew troops from war & signed Treaty with Central Powers 55 Allied Victory Battle of Argonne Forest: Began in Summer of 1918 US troops = 120,000 casualties 369th African American Infantry (Harlem Hellfighters) Received French Cross of War for distinguished duty in wartime Fall of mutinies in the German military began 56 Allied Victory October 1918: Germany formally asked President Wilson for armistice (cease-fire) November 9th 1918: German Chancellor Kaiser Wilhelm gave up the Throne November 11th 1918: 11/11 at 11 a.m. the American-German cease-fire went into effect Peace conference set for January 1919

13 Peace conference set for January /11 = VETERAN S DAY!!! 57 Wilson s 14 Points Woodrow Wilson s program for world peace presented to Congress in January 1918 Dealt with: Self-determination (the right of people to govern themselves) Causes of Modern Wars (secret diplomacy, arms race, violations of freedom of the seas, trade barriers) Establishment of the League of Nations (international body designed to prevent offensive wars) Germany rejected Wilson s 14 Points 58 Paris Peace Convention The Big Four = US, GB, France, Italy After 6 months the Allies created the Treaty of Versailles US Sec of State Robert Lansing: The terms of peace appear

14 After 6 months the Allies created the Treaty of Versailles US Sec of State Robert Lansing: The terms of peace appear immeasurably harsh and humiliating 59 Treaty of Versailles: Major Points 1) Germany s & Ottoman Empire s colonies were given to Allies 2) New Nations: Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland Germany: Army was disarmed, forced to admit full responsibility for war & forced to pay BILLIONS in reparations to war-torn nations 4) Creation of the League of Nstions 60 Treaty of Versailles: Wilson vs. Senate Senate did not approve of League of Nations Believed it would force the US into wars to protect other nations Senate wanted Wilson to compromise on the League with The Big 4 Wilson refused... Senate continued non-approval

15 Senate wanted Wilson to compromise on the League with The Big 4 Wilson refused... Senate continued non-approval League of Nations & Treaty were approved in Europe without US involvement Treaty of Versailles directly caused WWII Global Impact of War Over 8.5 million deaths Over 21 million wounded War destroyed European agriculture & industry Not enough goods to meet European demand Massive food shortages in Germany Britain & France gained control over Arab nations Balfour Declaration (1917): G.B. supported creation of Jewish Homeland (Israel) in Palestine 62 QUIZ End of Unit QUIZ 63 WHOTS Along all the roads of France, in all the trenches, in every gunpit you can hear one song being sung. They sing it while they load their guns... they hum it

16 Along all the roads of France, in all the trenches, in every gunpit you can hear one song being sung. They sing it while they load their guns... they hum it while the much their [canned beef] and [biscuits]. You hear it on the regimental bands... Over there. Over there. Send the word, send the word over there, That the Yanks are coming -... Men repeat that ragtime promise as tho it were a prayer... We could have won without the Yanks - we re sure of that. Still, we re glad they re coming and we walk jauntily. We may die before the promise is sufficiently fulfilled to tell. What does that matter? The Yanks are coming. - Coningsby Dawson, Letter Home, 1918 Discuss/explain the contradictions stated within this letter. Why would European citizens and soldiers have these conflicting feelings towards the US during & after WWI? 64 EURASIAN MAP

17 Discuss/explain the contradictions stated within this letter. Why would European citizens and soldiers have these conflicting feelings towards the US during & after WWI? 64 EURASIAN MAP EURASIAN MAP 1920

18 64 EURASIAN MAP EURASIAN MAP 1920